高考阅读理解词义猜测课件

猜测词义GuessingmeaningsWhatalwaysgoesupandnevergoesdown?---Yourage.Whatwillbreakonceyousayit?---Silence.Whatisthesmallestbridgeintheworld?---Thebridgeofanose.Guessinggameanimalfat&cuteblackandwhiteGuessinggamepandamonsterkindhugeandgreenGuessinggameShrekWeusesomeKeywordstoguesssomething.Theunderlinedword“__”inthepassagemeans__.Whatdoes“___”inthethirdparagraphstandfor?Theword/phrase“____”mostprobablymeans____.Theword/phrase“__”couldbestbereplacedby__.Theword/phrase“__”inLine…,Para…refersto__.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase/word/sentence“____”?Theauthorusestheword“____”toindicate____?ⅠQuestionform(常见提问方式）1.Definition定义法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast对比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例举法8.CommonSense普通常识6.WordFormation构词法猜测词义7.Context上下文Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.1.Definition定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。(adj.

易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.(n.

牧羊人)

定义或释义关系常由定语从句或becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas等词汇或破折号来表示；或由is,thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway引出一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后做它的同位语，用逗号隔开，构成同位关系。小结2.Contrast对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。

表示对比的词有but、while、however、otherwise等。Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA(v.

不同意)(05广东卷)“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.”Theunderlinedwordroughlymeans____.A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed3.Similarity相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormous

task.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.

巨大的;极大的)

由and或or，like,as…as,thesameas等连接的两个词构成同义关系；表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though，onthecontrary等。小结4.CauseEffect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。

Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.

(adj.

贫穷的,穷困的)(adj.

大的)(06陕西卷)Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavearoofovertheirheads.Inparagraph2,“aroofovertheirheads”mostprobablymeans______.A.acapB.acarC.ahomeD.acovering

常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。小结5.Example例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有forinstance,forexample,suchas等。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.

电器用具)6.WordFormation构词法：

英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)

NonsmokereastwardsCanyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非烟民)(发错音)(向东)

Eg.Heneverreenteredthatroom.

re+enter再次进入1)HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.

A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expectB7.Context

上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。

2）Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy

apeatthezoo．A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdAABC.AC(n.

猿)8.Commonsense

普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。

在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.

麻醉剂(药)（05福建卷）RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans______.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingoutThankyouforlistening!Inquiry-basedActivities(I)

探究活动(1)

Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?----------------------------------------------------

1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山B.树枝C.冰河D.冰

2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever

CB

3.Theoldwomanhasa

strange

habittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A.爱猫的B.古怪的C.闲不住D.动物保护主义者4.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenury

togreatwealth.A.便士B.温饱C.非常贫困D.虚弱BC5.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活泼的B.好动的C.多嘴多舌的D.可爱的

10.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means_____.A.骄傲B.吹牛C.顽皮D.幼稚CBInquiry-basedActivities(II)

探究活动(2)Passage1

Afterafour-yearrelationshipwithamajorfortune100companybeginningasasalestraineeandendingasaregionalsalesmanager,Ileftthecompanyattheheightofmycareer.ManypeoplewereastoundedthatIwouldleaveafterearningasix-figureincome.AndtheyaskedwhyIwouldriskeverythingforadream.

Theunderlinedword“astounded”means____.A.verysadB.verysorryC.verypleasedD.greatlysurprisedDPassage2

Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameDPassage3

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(参议院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.