外科学总论1绪论

外科学绪论Introduction

of

Surgery一、现代外科学的发展Development

of

Modern

Surgery1.

解剖学AnatomyJohnHunter

(1728-1793) theEngland’spremier

surgical

scientist,

the

father

ofexperimental

surgery

and

asuperbanatomist

andteacher.2.

麻醉AnesthesiaWillam

T.G.

Morton

(1819-1868),

aBoston

dentist

whose

successfuldemonstration

of

ether

anesthesia

onOctober

16,

1846,

at

the

MassachusettsGeneral

Hospital

wasa

landmark

in

thehistory

of

surgery3.抗菌术Antisepesis3.

抗菌术AntisepsisJoseph

Lister

(1827-1912)British

scientist,the

originator

of

antisepticsurgery4.

输血

Blood

transfusionRichard

Lewisohn

(1875-1961),

a

surgeon

atthe

Mount

Sinai

Hospital,

introduced

themodern

technique

of

blood

transfusion,developed

from

his

discovery

of

a

method

ofpreventing

coagulation

of

the

blood

outsidethe

body.Karl

Landsteiner

(1868-1943),

one

of

the

firstscientists

to

study

the

physical

processes

ofimmunity.

He

is

best

known

for

his

identificationand

characterization

of

the

human

blood

groups,

A,B,

and

O.

The

Nobel

Prize

in

Physiology

or

Medicine

1930

was

awarded

to

Karl

Landsteiner

forhis

discovery

of

human

blood

groups.Theodor

Kocher

(1841-1917),

professor

of

surgeryat

the

University

of

Berne

and

pioneer

inthedevelopment

of

surgery

of

the

thyoid.

He

receivedthe

Nobel

Prize

in1909.Theodor

Billroth

(1829-1894),

professor

attheUniversity

of

Vienna

and

pioneer

abdominal

surgeon,Billroth

was

one

of

the

most

influential

teachers

of

his

time.Innovators

&

Pioneers

in

Surgery全局文件用途元数据John

H.

Gibbon

(1903-1973),

pioneercardiothoracic

surgeon

who

developedextracorporeal

circulation.Alexis

Carrel

(1873-1944)

FrenchAmerican

surgeon,

an

experimentalsurgeon

interested

in

wound

healing,

tissueculture,

organ

transplantation,

and

bloodvessel

anastomosis.

He

was

awarded

theNobel

Prize

in

1912.中国古代的外科学扁鹊（公元前500）抢救尸厥（休克）用毒酒麻醉手术华佗（141－203）麻沸散麻醉死骨剔除术剖腹术傅培彬(1912-1989),瑞金医院外科创始人现代外科学的里程碑睾丸切除治疗前列腺癌－Huggins1940胃迷走神经切断术－Durgstedt1942胸外心脏按摩－Kouwenhoven

1942烧伤复苏－Cope-Moore1942门腔分流和脾肾分流－Whipple1945冠状动脉旁路术－Vineberg1948同种动脉移植－Gross1949人体肾移植－Hume1950心脏起搏器－Zoll1952人工心肺机－Gibbon1953胃泌素瘤－Zollinger-Ellison

1954心脏瓣膜置换术－Starr-Edwards

1960同种原位肝移植－Starzl1963完全胃肠外营养－Dudrick

1968Starzl现代外科诊疗技术的里程碑休克－Blaolck-Phemister

1930水电解质－Van

Slyke

1935ICU和辅助呼吸－Hill1942磁共振显像－Bloch

1946介入性放射学－Selding1953高压氧舱－Boerema1956玻璃纤维索内镜－Hirchowitz1958激光技术－Maiman1960显微外科－Jacobson

1960关节置换术－Charnley1971电子计算机断层扫描－Hounsfied1972体外冲击震波－Chauussy1980腹腔镜胆囊切除－Mouret1987Mouret1954

二尖瓣分离

Commissurotomy

of

mitral

stenosis1958

大面积灼伤

Severe

Burn1963

断肢再植1977

肝移植1978

心脏移植Replantation

of

cut

limbThe

1st

case

of

Liver

transplantationThe

1st

case

of

Heart

transplantation1990s-

交大医学院(原上海第二医科大学)外科全面发展灼伤外科、消化外科、胆胰外科Burn

surg,

Digestive

S.,

P.

Biliary口腔外科、整形外科、小儿心脏外科Stomatological

S.

Plastic

S.

Pediatric

Cardio

S.The

roleof

SJTUSMin

thedevelopmentof

surgery

in

China二、外科学范畴Category

ofSurgery1.

外科疾病分类Classification

of

Surgical

Diseases1)损伤Trauma—

mechanicalchemicalInfectionNeoplasiathermalelectrical……Benign,

Malignant感染肿瘤畸形Anatomical

abnormalitiesCongenital,

Acquired内分泌功能失调Metabolic

&

Hormonal

disorder梗塞与缺血

Infarction

&

Ischamia其它

OthersObstruction梗阻寄生虫病

Parasite

diseases静脉曲张Vein

varicose2.

外科专业发展Development

of

Surgical

Specialties1)

工作对象和性质实验外科

Eexperimental

Surgery临床外科

Clinical

Surgery2)人体解剖系统骨科颌面外科心胸外科泌尿外科神经外科普通外科(腹部外科)Arthrosteopedic

surgeryDentofacial

surgeryCardiothoracic

surgeryUrologic

surgeryNeurosurgeryGeneral

surgeryAbdominal

surgeryNeoplastic

surgeryEmergency

surgeryTrauma

surgeryBurn

surgery疾病性质 肿瘤外科 急症外科 创伤外科 烧伤外科手术方式整复外科显微外科移植外科微创外科Plastic

surgeryMicrosurgeryTransplant

surgeryMinimally

invasive

surgeryPediatric

SurgeryAdult

Surgery年龄小儿外科成人外科专业妇科耳鼻喉科眼科GynecologyOtolaryngologyOphthalmology3.

外科总论与各论General

Surgery

&

Special

Surgery外科学总论

General

Surgery各临床外科共同的专业基础

基础医学与临床外科学的桥梁Special

Surgery外科学各论论述各系统、各脏器外科疾病的病因、病理、诊断与治疗外科分子生物学Surgical

molecular

biology外科免疫学Surgical

immunology无菌术Aseptic

technique外科水、电解质和酸碱平衡Fluid

and

electrolyte

managementand

acid-base

balance输血

Blood

transfusion外科休克Surgical

shock外科营养Surgical

nutrition多器官功能障碍综合征Multiple

organ

dysfunction

syndrome,

MODS麻醉

Anesthesia外科重症监测治疗

Surgical

intensive

care心肺脑复苏Brain-cardiopulmonary

Resuscitation疼痛治疗Pain

management

&

Analgesia围手术期处理Paraoperative

management门诊外科外科感染肿瘤Outpatient

surgerySurgical

infectionNeoplasma创伤烧伤与冷伤显微外科器官移植组织工程腔镜外科内镜外科外科介入治疗TraumaBurns

&

Cold

injuryMicrosurgeryOrgan

transplantationTissue

engineeringLaparoscopic

&

thorascopic

surgeryEndoscopic

surgerySurgical

intervention

treatment三、如何学习外科How

to

learnsurgery外科医师的职业道德

Moral

Character理论联系实践外科基础Theory

and

PracticeBasic

theoryBasic

knowledgeBasic

technique优秀的外科医生需要

CASEConcept（观念）Anatomy（解剖）Skill（技巧）Emergency（应急）Spunk

of

tiger—胆大形象化的要求Some

figure

of

speech

about

the

basic

demandsEyes

of

eag