实用旅游英语(魏国富)Unit-8-A课件

实用旅游英语(魏国富)Unit-8-A实用旅游英语(魏国富)Unit-8-A实用旅游英语(魏国富)Unit-8-ATextAFoodCultureI.OralPracticeII.Pre-readingQuestionsofTextAIII.TextANewwordsUsefulexpressionsIV.Exercises1.Goovereachofthefollowingsentencescarefullyandselecttheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword.2.Fillineachblankwithonewordintheboxyouthinkbestfit.V.ChineseversionofTextAVI.NotesTextA

FoodCultureI.OralPracticeII.Pre-readingQuestionsofTextAIII.TextA

Newwords

UsefulexpressionsIV.Exercises

1.Goovereachofthefollowingsentencescarefullyandselecttheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword.

2.Fillineachblankwithonewordintheboxyouthinkbestfit.V.ChineseversionofTextAVI.Notes1.ChineseDinnerParty

(Mr.WangisManagerofShanghaiTravelBureau.HeistellingMr.Richard,therepresentativeofAmericanTouristAgency,howaChinesebanquetisserved.)W:Takeyourseat,please.R: Thanks.Oh,dinnerwithchopsticks!WhatatypicalChinesecustom!Mr.Wang,IwastoldthataChinesebanquetalwayssurprisesusbigeaters.W: Withpleasure.AChinesedinnerusuallystartswithanassortedcolddish.Itcanbemixedseafood,poultryorvegetables.Thencomestheshark'sfinsoup.R:Veryinteresting.That'sall.I.

OralPracticeW:Notyet.Followingtheshark'sfinsoup,therewillbeachickendish,aprawn,aduck.Thencomesaclearsoup,followedbyafish.Whenyouseefish,youknowthatallthemaindisheshavebeenservedandthedinnerwillfinishupwithrice.R:Really?It'sunbelievable.W: Lastly,therearetwoorfourkindsofdimsumfordessert,thenfreshfruitandacupofhotteatoconcludethedinner.R:Oh,it'safeasttofeedasmallarmy.W: Mr.Richard,thisisDeepFriedCroakerwithTomatoSauceandthatisPhoenix-tailedPrawn.Pleasehelpyourselftowhateveryoulike.

I.

OralPractice

R: (Aftertasting)It'sverydeliciousandappetizing!We're reallyenjoying"color,flavorandtaste"allatthesame time.W:WeChinesepeopleoftensay,"Gooddishesshouldmatch goodliquor."SoIinviteyoutotrysomeMaotai.R: Oh!Maotaiisveryfamous.MayIhaveaglassofit?W: Sure.Timefliesquickly.You'releavingtomorrow.And wouldyoumindtellinguswhathasimpressedyoumost duringyourstayhere?R:Well,whathasimpressedmedeeplyhereisthebeautiful scenery,warm-heartedpeopleandespeciallyyourwork efficiency.

I.

OralPracticeW:Thankyou.Ithinkthecontractwillbearfruitinnotime.I'mlookingforwardtoourcontinuedcooperationandfurtherextensionofourbusinessrelations.Let'sdrinktooursuccessfulcooperation.Cheers!R:SoamI.Thankyouforyourhelpduringmystayhere.Andthankyouforsuchawonderfuldinner.Cheers!W:Ithasbeenagreatpleasuretoworkwithyou.ComebacktoShanghaianytime.R:Thankyouall.Goodnight.W:Goodnight.I.

OralPracticeI.

OralPractice2.McDonald's (RichardandWangarehungrynow.TheygotoaMcDonald'snearby.)R:Let'sgetsomethingtoeat.I'mhungry.W:Metoo.Isthereaplacenearbywherewecangetsomethingtoeat?R:There'saMcDonald'snotfarahead.It'sthenearesteating placearoundhere.W:McDonald's?Isthatoneofthechainrestaurants?R:Don'tyouknowaboutMcDonald's?Theysellhamburgers─ thatgreatAmericanfastfood.W: I'veheardabouthamburgers,butdoyouknowI'venever hadone?R:You'veneverhadahamburger?Thenyou'vegotto tryone.(TheyentertheMcDonald'srestaurantandgouptothecounter.)R:(ToWang)What'llyouhave?W:Idon'treallyknow.Yougoaheadandorder.I'llhavewhateveryouhave.R:OK.(Tothewaiter)TwoBigMacsandtwosideordersofFrenchfries.(ToWang)What'llyouhave todrink─coffee,Coke,ormilk?W:Coffee,please.Actually,Iprefermilk,butI'mstillnotusedtodrinkingitcold.R:(Tothewaiter)ACokeandacoffee.(ToWang)Let'sfindsomeseats.W:There'sanemptyboothoverthere.I.

OralPracticePleasereadthepassagebeforeansweringthepre-readingquestions,andthenyouwillknowmoreaboutthetextbelow.(1)

Whydosomepeopleconsiderthecertainfoodtasty,whileothersdon't?(2)

Whathaspromotedtherestaurantandcateringbusinesstodevelopquickly?II.

Pre-readingQuestions(3)

Whydowenameonekindofrestaurantsthegourmetone?(4)

Forwhatreasonsdoesthefamily-typerestaurantattractalotoffamilygroups?(5)

Whatmakesthevariouscategoriesofrestaurantsspringuplikemushrooms?II.

Pre-readingQuestions1Peopleofeverycountryhaveunique

ideasaboutwhatisgoodfood.Peoplebecomequiteillogical

whentheytrytodecidewhatisdeliciousandwhatisnot.Forinstance,ifyouconsideredonekindoffoodagreatdelicacyinyourcountry,youmightnotbeabletounderstandwhysomepeopleinothercountriesfindit"unusual".

Thetruthisthatmostofushavebeenbroughtup

toeatcertainfoodsandwesticktothemallourlives.

FoodCultureIII.

Text2

IfyouliveinAmerica,youwon'teatoutoftensinceitisveryexpensive.However,veryfewAmericanseatlunchathomebecauseveryfewofthemworknearwheretheylive.Eithertheypacktheirlunchinthemorningandtakeitwiththemtowork,schoolortheofficeorelsetheyeatout.Theybuylunchintherestaurants,mostbeingfast-foodrestaurants.However,AmericansmayinvitevisitingChinesetoamoreformaldinner,soitisimportantforustoadheretoWesterntablemanners.III.

Text3

Itisnecessarytofocuson

culturaleatingdifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternsocietieswhichmaycausemisunderstandingsifignored.4

Therearemillionsofpeopleawayfromtheirhomeseverydayeitherbynecessityorbychoice.Therestaurantandcateringbusinesshasmetthisgrowingdemandbyfeedingthishugenumberofhighlymobilepersons,suchasofficeandfactoryworkers,schoolchildren,militarypersonnel,travelers,andpeopleouttohaveagoodtime.Becausetherearesomanytofeed,therestaurantandcateringbusinessisoneofthelargestandfastestgrowingindustriesintheworld.Thosewhoeatawayfromhomespendvastsumsofmoneyforrestaurantsorcateredmeals.

JusttakeAmericaforexample;foodserviceindustrysaleswereprojectedatabout100billiondollarsayear.III.

Text5Themillionsofpeoplewho"eatout"everydayhaveawidevarietyofneedsandtastesfromaquicklunchtoaluxurious

mealwith

elaborate

service.Becauseofthesedifferences,therearemanykindsofrestaurantsvaryingfromsidewalkcafesforahotdogorbowlofnoodlestoelaboraterestaurantswiththebestcooking.Restaurantsgenerallyfitinto

thefollowingcategories:6The

gourmetrestaurant:Agourmetisapersonwhoappreciatesthebestinfoodandindrink.Arestaurantwhichoffersmealsthatappealto

suchapersonisinthisgroup.Theserviceandthepricesareusuallyinaccordwith

thequalityofthemealsothattheserestaurantsarethemostexpensiveandluxuriousofallfoodserviceestablishments.III.

Text7

Thefamily-typerestaurant:Manyeatingplacesservesimplefoodatmoderatepricesthatappealtofamilygroups.Perhapstheirprincipalfeatureisthereliabilitytheyoffertheircustomersthroughstandardizedfoodandservice.Manyoftheserestaurantsareownedbychainsoroperatedunderafranchise,anarrangementinwhichthenameandproceduresofthebusinessareleasedfromacentralorganization.Whenafamilystopsonahighwaytoeatatafranchiserestaurant,theyknowwhatkindoffoodtheywillgetandwhatthepricewillbe.III.

Text8

Thespecialtyrestaurant

(vegetarian,pizza,soupandsaladbars,etc.):Thiskindofrestaurantoffersalimitedvarietyorstyleoffood.Itmayspecializeinsteaksorinaparticularkindofnationalfoodoritmaydependontheatmosphere,decor,orpersonality

oftheownertoattractcustomers.Boththequalitiesofthefoodandthepricesareusuallybetweenthoseofthegourmetandthefamilytyperestaurants.

III.

Text9

Theconveniencerestaurant(fastfood):Thisrestaurantservescustomerswhowanttoeatinahurryoraremostinterestedinfastservice,cleanliness,andlowprices.Thisisaverylargegroupofrestaurantswhichincludesseveralsubcategories.Oneoftheseisthelunchcounterwhichordinarilyservessandwichesandothersimplefoodsandbeverages.Amodernvariationonthelunchcounteristhefastfoodoperation.Thousandsoftheseestablishmentshavesprungup

allovertheworldinrecentyears.Fastfoodsarethosewhichcanbeprepared,servedandeatenquickly,probablythemosttypicalfastfoodisthehamburger,agrilledpattyofgroundbeefservedbetweentheslicesofaroundroll.Streetstandsarealsoconveniencefoodserviceswhethertheyofferawidevarietyofdishestolargenumbersofpeopleoronlysnacksfortouristsincities.III.

Text10(1)

Anotherwaytocategorizerestaurantsisbythekindofservicetheyoffer.Therearebasicallyfourtypes:tableservice,self-service,counterservice,andcarryout.Intableservicerestaurants,customerssitattablesandareservedeitherbyawaiterorwaitress.Aself-servicerestaurantisfrequentlycalledabuffetorcafeteria;therecustomerspassinfrontofacounterwherefoodisdisplayedandhelpthemselvestowhattheywant;thentheycarrythefoodtoatablethemselves.Usuallyinstitutionalrestaurantsarecafeterias,thoughmanycafeteriasareintendedforpublicbusiness.III.

Text10(2)

Carryoutrestaurantsoftenservefastfoods;customersplacetheirordersatacounter(orbytelephoneaheadoftime)then"takeout"thefoodtowherevertheywishtoeatit―attheirjobs,inapark,inacar,orathome.The

unprecedented

percentageofworkingwivesandmothershas

madeanenormousimpacton

theentirefoodserviceindustry,butitisaparticularlyimportantfactorinthegrowthofthecarryoutortake-outrestaurant.III.

Text(1)unique/ju:5nI:k/

a.

独特的(2)illogical/I5lɒdVIkl/

a.

缺乏逻辑的，无条理的(3)delicacy/5delIk[sI/

n.

精美的食物(4)adhere/[d5hI[/

v.

跟随，依附(5)focus/5f[ʊk[s/

v.

集中，注视(6)mobile/5m[ʊbaIl/

a.

流动的,具有灵活性的(7)military/5mIlIt[rI/

a.

军人的，军队的(8)luxurious/lQg5Vʊ[rI[s/

a.

豪华的，奢侈的(9)elaborate/I5lAb[r[t/

a.

精心制作的，煞费苦心 的(10)gourment/5gʊ[meI/

n.

食物品尝家

Newwords(11)establishment/I5stAblIFm[nt/n.

企业，公司(12)principal/5prIns[pl/a.

主要的，最重要(13)

reliability/rI7laIE5bIlItI/n.

可靠，可信赖(14)

franchise/5frAntFaIz/n.

特权，特许(15)

procedure/pr[5si:dV[/

n.

过程，步骤，程序(16)

decor/5deIkC:/

n.

装潢，装饰(17)

personality/7p\:s[5nAl[tI/n.

个性，品格(18)

variation/7ve[rI5eIFn/n.

变化，变更(19)

spring/sprIN/v.

涌出，出现(20)

patty/5pAtI/n.

馅饼Newwords

(21)

slice/slaIs/

n.切片，薄片(22)

categorize/5kAtIg[raIz/

v.

将……分类，将……归类(23)cafeteria

/7kAfI5tI[rI[/

n.

自助餐厅(24)institutional/7InstI5tju:F[nl/a.

惯例的，老一套的(25)unprecedented/7Qn5presIdentId/

a.

前所未有的，空前的(26)impact/5ImpAkt/n.

影响，作用Newwords(1)bringup养育，培养(2)adhereto追随，遵守(3)focuson集中(4)varyfrom…to变化，不同(5)fitinto适合，符合(6)appealto吸引，迎合(7)inaccordwith同……一致(8)springup出现，发生(9)makeanimpacton对……有影响Usefulexpressions1.Goovereachofthefollowingsentencescarefullyandselecttheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword.(1)Forinstance,ifyouconsideredonekindoffoodagreatdelicacyinyourcountry,youmightnotbeabletounderstandwhysomepeopleinothercountriesfindit"unusual".A.uncommon

B.unreadableC.unchangeable D.unavoidable(2) However,AmericansmayinvitevisitingChinesetoamoreformaldinner,soitisimportantforustoadheretoWesterntablemanners.A.sticktoB.carryoutC.consistwith

D.fallintoBAIV.

Exercises(3)Therestaurantandcateringbusinesshasmetthisgrowingdemandbyfeedingthishugenumberofhighlymobilepersons,officeandfactoryworkers,schoolchildren,militarypersonnel,travelers,andpeopleouttohaveagoodtime. A.moving B.driving C.walking D.surfing(4)Theserviceandthepricesareusuallyinaccordwiththequalityofthemealsothatthese

restaurantsarethemostexpensiveandluxuriousofallfoodserviceestablishments. A.possessionsB.institutions C.committeesD.enterprises(5)Manyoftheserestaurantsareownedbychainsoroperatedunderafranchise,anarrangement

inwhichthenameandproceduresofthebusinessareleasedfromacentralorganization.

A.license B.certificationC.control D.warrantABDIV.

Exercises(6)Fastfoodsarethosewhichcanbeprepared,servedandeatenquickly,probablythemosttypicalfastfoodisthehamburger,agrilledpattyofgroundbeefservedbetweentheslicesofaroundroll. A.preserved B.crushed C.remained D.frozen(7) Usuallyinstitutionalrestaurantsarecafeterias,thoughmanycafeteriasareintendedforpublicbusiness. A.commercial B.residential C.organizational D.individual(8)Theunprecedentedpercentageofworkingwivesandmothershasmadeanenormousimpactontheentirefoodserviceindustry,butitisaparticularlyimportantfactorinthegrowthofthecarryoutortake-outrestaurant. A.illogical B.exceptionalC.principal D.optionalBCBIV.

Exercises2.Fillineachblankwithonewordintheboxyouthinkbestfit.Chineseculinaryartsarefamousallovertheworld.Chinesedishesappealtothesensesthroughcolor,shape,aromaandtaste.Chinesecuisine'sentreenormally(1)

forthreetofivecolors,madeupofthemainingredient,withmoresecondaryingredientsofcontrastingcolorsandtextures;thesearepreparedandcookedto(2)

theirownqualities,withtheuseofappropriatecondimentsandgarnishing,enablingtocheftopresentadeliciousplatteroffragrantdelicious(3)

.IV.

Exercisesfeaturesorderseasoningsartharmonywith strivestherebyoverpowerdiversityuseservesenhanceappetitesharestrivesenhanceartInprepareddishes,thestrongerfragrantaromastimulatesone's(4)

,byusingscallion,freshginger,rootgarlicorchilipepper;withthe(5)

ofwine,aniseed,cinnamon,peppercornorsesameoil.Complementarynuancesareadded.Soysauce,sugar,vinegarandother(6)

mayuseddiscreetly,addingtothecomplexplayonthetastebuds.AllchefsoftheChinesekitchens,professionalorinthehome,strivefor(7)

ofsight,smell,taste,texture,sothateachindividualdishhasit'sunique(8)

highlighted;contrastedandbalancedifitisadinnerofmanydishes,beit3,6,9or12.Theflavorsmustnot(9)

,

yetsubtleenoughIV.

Exercisesfeaturesorderseasoningsartharmonywith strivestherebyoverpowerdiversityuseservesenhanceappetiteshareappetiteuseseasoningsharmonyfeaturesoverpowertomeetthetastesofthosedining.Complexorsimpledishesmaybepreparedquicklyormuchlonger,buttheultimategoalisto(10)

withthegueststheplayontheeaters'realandimaginedvisionsofthedishesanditsingredients.Oncethemealiscooked,itisservedallatoncetothefamilywhoeat(11)

chopsticksanddrinksoupwithawidespoon.Theaveragedinnerincludesastarch--rice,noodles,bread,orpancakes--ameatdish,vegetable,andsoup,which(12)

asabeverage.Forformalmealsandbanquets,therearemanysuccessivecourseswhichareservedinastricttraditional(13)

.Afurtherpointisthatoverfestiveperiods,withtheplayofword'sphonetics,

wellmeaningfelicitousIV.

Exercisesfeaturesorderseasoningsartharmonywith strivestherebyoverpowerdiversityuseservesenhanceappetiteshareshareswithservesordernamesofdisheshavemanypeopletryingtoguesswhattheyareabouttoeat,(14)

addingfuntoeating.Chinesefoodenjoysahighreputationintheworldalsoforitssheerabundance.Itisduetothe(15)

oftheclimate,productsandcustomsthattherearewidelydifferentfoodstylesandtastesinlocalregions.

IV.

Exercisesfeaturesorderseasoningsartharmonywith strivestherebyoverpowerdiversityuseservesenhanceappetitesharetherebydiversityTheEnd法国蜗牛法国鹅肝酱俄罗斯罗宋汤美式快餐意大利面英国下午茶Chinesefoodculture中国饮食文化在中国传统文化教育中的阴阳五行哲学思想、儒家伦理道德观念、中医营养摄生学说，还有文化艺术成就、饮食审美风尚、民族性格特征诸多因素的影响下，创造出彪炳史册的中国烹饪技艺，形成博大精深的中国饮食文化。中国饮食文化历史悠久，分为生食、熟食、自然烹饪、科学烹饪4个发展阶段，推出6万多种传统菜点、2万多种工业食品、五光十色的筵宴和流光溢彩的风味流派，获得“烹饪王国”的美誉。从内涵上看，中国饮食文化涉及到食源的开发与利用、食具的运用与创新、食品的生产与消费、餐饮的服务与接待、餐饮业与食品业的经营与管理，以及饮食与国泰民安、饮食与文学艺术、饮食与人生境界的关系等，深厚广博。从外延看，中国饮食文化可以从时代与技法、地域与经济、民族与宗教、食品与食具、消费与层次、民俗与功能等多种角度进行分类，展示出不同的文化品味，体现出不同的使用价值，异彩纷呈。从特质看，中国饮食文化突出养助益充的营卫论（素食为主，重视药膳和进补），五味调和的境界说（风味鲜明，适口者珍，有“舌头菜”之誉），奇正互变的烹调法（厨规为本，灵活变通），畅神怡情的美食观（文质彬彬，寓教于食）等4大属性，有着不同于海外各国饮食文化的天生丽质。从影响看，中国饮食文化直接影响到日本、蒙古、朝鲜、韩国、泰国、新加坡等国家，是东方饮食文化圈的轴心；与此同时，它还间接影响到欧洲、美洲、非洲和大洋洲，像中国的素食文化、茶文化、酱醋、面食、药膳、陶瓷餐具和大豆等，都惠及全世界数十亿人。总之，中国饮食文化是一种广视野、深层次、多角度、高品位的悠久区域文化；是中华各族人民通过长期的生产劳动和生活实践，在食源开发、食具研制、食品调理、营养保健和饮食审美等方面创造、积累并影响周边国家和世界的物质财富及精神财富。

Westernfoodculture西方饮食文化法国，法国是公元476年西罗马帝国灭亡后废墟上逐渐建立起来的国家。在此以前它是古罗马省，称为外高卢。当时就有一些典雅和罗马的有名厨师来到这里，奠定了法国菜的基础。到16世纪欧洲文艺复兴时期意大利盛行的烩牛他核、煎嫩牛排及各种沙司的制作方法等传到了法国，使法国菜更加丰富起来。由于历代法国国王崇尚美食，使得当时的法国名厨辈出，奠定了法式菜在西餐中的重要地位。但目前法餐却趋于保守，发展较为缓慢。意大利，意大利地处南欧的亚平宁半岛，优越的地理条件使意大利的食品加工业很发达，尤以面条，奶酪，色拉米肉肠著称于世。公元前2世纪后期，古罗马宫廷的膳房已形成庞大的队伍，并有很细的分工。厨师总管的身份与贵族大臣相同，烹调方法日臻完善，并发明了数十种菜目的制作方法。时至今日，意大利菜仍在世界上享有很高的声誉。英国，英国的农业有发达，粮食每年主要靠进口，英国人也不像法国人那样崇尚美食，因此英式菜相对来说比较简单，英国人也常自嘲自己不善烹调。但英式菜的早餐却很丰盛，受到西方各国的普遍欢迎。另外，英国人喜欢喝茶，习惯在下午3点左右吃茶点，一般是一杯红茶或咖啡再加一份点心。如遇朋友有伤心事，递上一杯好茶，是对朋友最好的安慰。美国，由于在美国的英国移民较多，所以美式菜基本上是在英式菜的基础上发展起来的。另外，由于美国的历史短，传统、保守思想较少，在生活习惯上也不墨守成规，美国人利用当地丰富的农牧产品，结合欧洲其他移民和当地印第安人的生活习惯，形成了独特的美国饮食文化。"俄罗斯，俄式菜受法式菜影响较大，奥地利、匈牙利等国菜式的一些特点，结合自己的饮食习惯，逐渐形成极具特色的俄式菜。德国，德国是在西罗马帝国灭亡后由日尔曼诸部落逐渐建立起来的国家，中世纪时期一直处于分裂状态，直到1870年才真正统一。在生活上，德国人喜爱运动，所以食量较大，他们保留了以肉食为主的日尔曼遗风，德式菜以丰盛实惠、朴实无华而著称。

ThedifferenceofChineseandwesternfoodculture中西方饮食文化的差异主要表现在：（1）两种不同的饮食观念对比注重“味”的中国饮食，西方是一种理性饮食观念。不论食物的色、香、味、形如何，而营养一定要得到保证，讲究一天要摄取多少热量、维生素、蛋白质等等。即便口味千篇一律，也一定要吃下去—因为有营养。中国人对饮食追求则是一种难以言传的“意境”，可以使用人们通常所说的“色、香、味、形、器”来把这种“境界”具体化。（2）中西饮食对象的差异西方人认为菜肴是充饥的，所以专吃大块肉、整块鸡等“硬菜”。而中国的菜肴是“吃味”的，所以中国烹调在用料上也显出极大的随意性：许多西方人视为弃物的东西，在中国都是极好的原料，外国厨师无法处理的东西，一到中国厨师手里，就可以化腐朽为神奇。足见中国饮食在用料方面的随意性之广博。

（3）饮食方式的不同在中国，任何一个宴席，不管是什么目的，都只会有一种形式，就是大家团团围坐，共享一席。筵席要用圆桌，这就从形式上造成了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。西式饮宴上，食品和酒尽管非常重要，但实际上那是作为陪衬。宴会的核心在于交谊，通过与邻座客人之间的交谈，达到交谊的目的。与中国饮食方式的差异更为明显的是西方流行的自助餐。此法是：将所有食物一一陈列出来，大家各取所需，不必固定在位子上吃，走动自由，这种方式便于个人之间的情感交流，不必将所有的话摆在桌面上，也表现了西方人对个性、对自我的尊重。但各吃各的，互不相扰，但缺少了一些中国人聊欢共乐的情调。参考译文饮食文化

1

每一个国家的人都对什么是好的食品有着独特的见解。当人们试图决定什么是美味的食物和难吃的食物时，他们变得十分不合常理。例如，如果你认为一种食物在你们国家是极其美味的，你可能不理解为什么在其他国家有人则会觉得“很难想象”。事实就是，我们大部分人吃一些特定的食品长大，而且我们就一直坚持吃这些食品。

参考译文

饮食文化2如果你住在美国，你不会经常下馆子，因为太贵了。然而，很少有美国人回家吃午餐，因为他们很少有人在离家近的地方工作，他们要么在早上把午饭打包，然后带去工作场所，学校或办公室，要么出去吃。他们在餐馆买午餐，大部分是快餐店。然而，美国人可能会邀请来访的中国人去一个较正式的宴会，所以，遵守西方的餐桌礼仪对我们来说是很重要的。参考译文饮食文化3注重中国和西方社会在饮食文化差异是很有必要的，一旦被忽略，它们可能会引起误会。

参考译文

饮食文化4每天都有数百万的人，或者是生活必要，或者是出于选择，离家外出。餐馆和公共饮食业通过提供食物给这个有着庞大数量的流动人口，例如办公室职员和工厂工人、学生、军事人员、旅行者和其他外出娱乐的人，已经满足了这个增长的需求。由于有太多人需要餐饮，餐馆和饮食业是世界上最大、增长最快的产业之一。那些在外面吃饭的人在餐馆或餐饮业提供的食物上花费大量的金钱。以美国为例，餐饮服务业的销售额估计一年约1000亿美元。参考译文饮食文化5

数百万每天“外出就餐”的人有广泛的各种需求和喜好，可以享用的从快餐到有着极好服务的豪华餐。因为这些差异，就会有很多种餐馆—从路边供应热狗或碗面的露天餐馆到烹饪极佳的豪华餐厅都各不相同。餐馆大致符合下面的分类：参考译文饮食文化6美食家餐馆：美食家是一个在餐饮上有最好鉴赏力的人，而美食家餐馆就是一个能吸引这类人的餐馆。通常这种餐馆的服务、价格和餐饮的质量一致，所以这些餐馆是所有饮食服务业中最昂贵最豪华的。参考译文饮食文化7

家庭型餐馆：很多吃的地方提供一些中等价位的简单食物，因而吸引了家庭这个群体。家庭型餐馆的主要特色通过向顾客提供标准化的食物和服务达到他们的可信赖性。很多这种餐馆都是连锁经营，或者特许经营，他们的名称和程序是向中心机构租借的。当一个家庭在公路上停下来去特许经营店吃饭的时候，他们知道他们将会得到什么样的食物，价格是怎样的。

参考译文饮食文化8

特色餐馆（素食餐馆、比萨、汤和沙拉吧等）：这种餐馆提供有限的食物种类或风格，它可能擅长于牛排或一种特别的民族食品。或者，它可能取决于气氛、装饰格调或店主人的个性来吸引顾客。菜肴的质量和价格一般在那些美食家餐馆和家庭型餐馆之间。参考译文饮食文化9

便利餐馆（快餐）：这种餐馆为那些想吃得快或对快捷服务、干净和低价格感兴趣的顾客服务。这是一个有多种类型的庞大的餐饮集团。其中一种是便餐馆，它通常卖三明治和其它简单的食物和饮料。便餐馆的一个现代变体是快餐经营。近年来，全球涌现出成千上万家此类企业。快餐是那种从准备到供应和最终让顾客享用都很快的食物。最典型的快餐可能是汉堡，它是在圆面包中夹入一种烤炙的牛肉饼制成的。无论是为许多人提供各式菜肴，还是仅仅为城市里的游客提供小吃，路边摊都提供了很方便的食品服务。参考译文饮食文化10(1)另一种给餐馆分类的方法是根据他们所提供的服务种类。基本上有四种类型：餐桌服务、自助服务、柜台服务和外卖服务。在餐桌服务的餐馆，顾客们坐在桌子旁，有男服务员或女服务员为他们服务。自助餐馆常常被叫做自助餐或自助餐厅，他们的顾客经过摆满食物的柜台前，随便挑选他们想要的食物，然后他们自己拿着食物走向桌子。通常，公共餐厅都是自助餐厅，尽管很多自助餐厅有意为公共事业服务。

参考译文饮食文化10(2)外卖餐馆通常卖快餐，顾客在柜台前购买（或提前通过电话预订），然后把食物带到任何他们想去吃的地方—工作场所、公园里、车里或者带回家。前所未有的职业妇女以及职业母亲比例的增加对整个饮食服务业产生了巨大影响，所以这是外卖餐馆增长的一个尤为重要的因素。(1)Becausemostofushavebeenbroughtuptoeatcertainfoodsandwesticktothemallourlives.Thereforepeopleofeverycountryhaveuniqueideasaboutwhatisgoodfood.(2)Therestaurantandcateringbusinesshasmetthegrowingdemandbyfeedingthehugenumberoftourists,suchasofficeandfactoryworkers,school-children,militarypersonnel,travelers,andpeopleouttohaveagoodtime.Becausetherearesomanytofeed,therestaurantandcateringbusinessisoneofthelargestandfastestgrowingindustriesintheworld.Therefore,itisthosewhoeatawayfromhomeandspendvastsumsofmoneyonrestaurantsorcateredmealsthathavepromotedtherestaurantandcateringbusinesstodevelopquickly

.(3)Agourmetisapersonwhoappreciatesthebestinfoodanddrinkandarestaurantwhichoffersmealsthatappealtosuchapersonisinthisgroup.Theserviceandthepricesareusuallyinaccordwiththequalityofthemealsothattheserestaurantsarethemostexpensiveandluxuriousofallfoodserviceestablishments.Therefore,wenamethiskindofrestaurantsthegourmetone.(4)Becausethefamily-typerestaurantservessimplefoodatmoderatepricesthatappealtofamilygroups.Perhapstheprincipalfeatureofthefamily-typerestaurantisthereliabilityitoffersthecustomersthroughstandardizedfoodandservice.(5)It'sbecauseofdifferentkindsofneedfromeat-out-persons.Millionsofpeoplewho"eatout"everydayhaveawidevarietyofneedsandtastesfromaquicklunchtoaluxuriousmealwithelaborateservice.Becauseofthesedifferencestherearemanykindsofrestaurantsvaryingfromsidewalkcafesforahotdogorbowlofnoodlestoelaboraterestaurantswithbestcooking.Sotherestaurantsgenerallyfitintovariouscategories.Thereasonsabovemakevariouscategoriesofrestaurantsspringuplikemushrooms.ifyouconsideredonekindoffoodagreatdelicacyinyourcountry,youmightnotbeabletounderstandwhysomepeopleinothercountriesfindit"unusual".如果你认为一种食物在你们国家是极其美味的，而你可能不理解为什么在其他国家有人则会觉得“很难想象”。句中名词组"agreatdelicacy"和形容词"unusual"分别作consider和find的宾语补足语。

IfyouliveinAmerica，youwon'teatoutoften,…如果你住在美国，你不会常外出吃饭，……eatout也可用dineout来表示，如：Ihavereceivedaninvitationfrommybestfriendtodineouttonight.我已收到好朋友的邀请今晚外出就餐。

soitisimportantforustoadheretoWesterntablemanners.

因此对我们来说重要的是遵守西方的用餐礼仪。

adhereto是个动介词组，有多种解释，如：

adheretotheoldways

墨守成规

adheretoBuddhism

信奉佛教

adheretoapoliticalparty

追随一个政党

adheretotheoriginalplan

坚持原来计划

adheretotheskin

粘在皮肤上cateredmeals

送餐上门varyingfrom