英语考点动态语法篇-主谓致

语法专题：主谓一致——主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致一、主谓一致的三原则语法一致语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系,主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式.Mychildhasnointentionofspendingavacationwithme.Mychildrenhavenointentionofspendingavacationwithme.意义一致意义一致是说谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达的看法,而不取决于表面上的语法标志.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数.Themajorityofprimaryschoolteachersarewomen.主语形式为复数,而意义上倒是单数,谓语动词用单数.Nonewsisgoodnews.Billiardsisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinsomecities.就近原则就近原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词构成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致.Thereisasquaretableandsomechairsinthecenterofthedining-room.EitheryourstudentsorWilliamknowsthis.提示一般说来,终归何时采纳何种原则,应视英语习惯用法而定.但在实质使用中,假如对上述三种原则捉摸禁止时,依据语法一致的原则是一种比较安妥的方法.二、并列主语的主谓一致由and连接的并列主语用and(或both...and)连接并列主语时,谓语动词平时用复数.Ahammerandasawareusefultools.★当and连接的两个名词是指组合到一起的一件圆满的或成套的东西一个人或一种看法时,谓语动词要用单数形式.Thewriterandteacherisspeakingatthemeeting.

,或表示同必背英语中并列结构表示整体看法的有:ironandsteel__钢铁aneedleandthread针线aimandend__目的goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyawatchandchain__一块带链的表acartandhorse一辆马车

早睡早起acoatandtie__配有领带的上衣breadandbutter__黄油面包lawandorder__治安aknifeandfork__刀叉一个名词为几个并列形容词所修饰时,这时主语和谓语动词的一致关系一般依据语法一致的原则.Cleverandslowstudentsaretreatedalike.Ablackandwhitekittenwasfoundinthegardenyesterday.比较Ablackandawhitedogsareplayingintheyard.Ablackandwhitedogisplayingintheyard.3.在each...andeach...,every...andevery...,no...andno...等结构今后,谓语动词用单数形式.Eachboyandeachgirlhasanapple.Everyhourandeveryminuteisprecious.Nobirdandnobeastisseenonthelonelyisland.带有并列动词的what从句作主语时,要依据意义一致的原则决定动词的数.Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.Whathesaysanddoesdoesnotconcernme.在某些成语中,一些并列主语用and相连时,今后谓语用单数.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.B某些词组采纳就近原则以or,either...or,neither...nor,not...but,notonly...butalso接的名词(代词)作并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数应依据就近一致的原则NeitherhenorIamwillingtogoshoppingtoday.Notthestudentsbuttheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.-Areeitheryouorhetogothere__是你还是他将去那边-Neitheris.______C谓语动词的数不受某些词组影响

.

等连主语后跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,than,togetherwith,besides,including,inadditionto其谓语动词的单,复数按主语的单,复数而定.

along

with,like,rather等指引的词组时

,Themanager,ratherthantheworkers,isresponsiblefortheloss.Nobodybutthreepolicemenwasonthespot.三、单一主语的主谓一致形复意单的名词作主语形复意单的名词作主语(即形式为复数,意义为单数),按意义一致的原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数,反之,谓语用复数.1.好多学科名称等名词作主语时

,如mathematics,physics,economics,politics,,动词用单数.

以及

newsNewsistravelingfastnowadays.用作国名,组织机构,书名,报刊名等复数形式的专有名词作为整体对待,谓语用单数.TheTimesreportsthenewsofthestrike.GreatExpectationswaswrittenbyDickensin1860.点津坊假如山脉,群岛,瀑布等名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数.TheGreatLakesliebetweentheUSAandCanada.五大湖在美国和加拿大两国之间.ThePhilippinesareinthewesternPacificOceansoutheastofChina.菲律宾群岛在中国东南太平洋西部.TheNiagaraFallsarethefallsontheNiagaraRiver.尼亚加拉瀑布位于尼亚加拉河上.一些形复意单的名词,包含有成双成套部分的衣物或工具名称,作主语时,谓语用复数.Mybluetrousershavebeenwornout.Hisglassesarenew.提示这些名词如用apairof修饰时,谓语动词用单数.Theshoesareunderthebed.鞋在床下.Thepairofshoesisunderthebed.这双鞋在床下.单,复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数;用作复数意义时,谓语有复数.这种名词有:sheep,deer,fish,means,works,species,Chinese,Japanese等.The(This)glassworkswassetupin1986.Thisspeciesofroseisveryrare.比较