新视野大学英语读写教程4(第3版)课后练习参考答案

精选新视野大学英语读写教程4（第三版）课本练习参考答案[1-5单元A部分]（觉得不错点个赞吧，老铁我是纯手打的呀(^人^)拜托啦~）UNITONESectionALanguagefocusWordsinuse[3]crumbleddiscernsurpassshrewdconversiondistortradiantingeniousstumpedpropositionAsthegenderbarrierscrumbled,thenumberofwomenworkingaslawyers,doctors,orbankersbegantoincreasesignificantlyformthemid-20thcentury.随着性别障碍的瓦解，从20世纪中期开始，从事律师、医生或银行家工作的女性数量开始显著增加。Withthedatacollectedeachyear,theowneroftheshopcandiscerncustomertrendsandhowthingslikeweatherandeconomicindicatorsaffectsalesperformance.通过每年收集的数据，店主可以了解顾客的趋势，以及天气和经济指标对销售业绩的影响。Hissupervisorpushesandmotivateshiminsuchapositivemannerthatheisnotonlyabletoreachbuttosurpasshispersonalgoals.他的上司以一种积极的方式推动和激励他，使他不仅能够达到，而且能够超越自己的目标。Heisamanwitha(n)shrewdbusinesssense.Hehasbuilthisinitialinvestmentintoasubstantialandevenexcessivelylargefortune.他是个精明的生意人。他把最初的投资变成了一笔可观的、甚至是巨额的财富。Theconversionofnuclearradiationdirectlyintoelectricitywasanexcitingpossibilitythatwasbeingvigorouslyexploredinmanylaboratoriesinthe1950s.将核辐射直接转化为电能是20世纪50年代许多实验室正在积极探索的一种令人兴奋的可能性。Iwasnotonlyshockedbutalsodisgustedthatthereporttriedtodistortthescientificfactsinsuchamannerthatevensomehighly-educatedpeoplewerefooled.我不仅感到震惊，而且感到恶心，因为这份报告试图歪曲科学事实，甚至一些受过高等教育的人也被愚弄了。Sixty-twoandblessedwithhismother’sskin,thefishermanhadwithstoodalifetimeofexposuretothesunandlookedasradiantasamaninhisforties.62岁的渔夫和他母亲的皮肤很有福气，他一生都在阳光下曝晒，看上去像四十多岁的人一样容光焕发。FrencheducatorLouisBrailleinventedasimplebutingeniouscodewhichhashadanimpactonthelivesofgenerationsofpeoplewhoareblind.法国教育家路易斯·布莱叶发明了一种简单而巧妙的密码，这种密码对几代盲人的生活产生了影响。Thesenatorsdidn’texpectustoasksuchtoughquestions,andwhenwefinallydid,theygotstumpedanddidn’tknowwhattosay.参议员们没想到我们会问这么棘手的问题，当我们终于提出时，他们被难住了，不知该说些什么。Thisnewlyestablisheduniversitysupportsthepropositionthatamorediversehighereducationsystemisdesirablesinceitwouldenhanceopportunitiesforlifelonglearning.这所新成立的大学支持这样的观点:更多样化的高等教育体系是可取的，因为它将增加终身学习的机会。[4]WordslearnedNewwordsformed-cydelicatedelicacybankruptbankruptcyaccountantaccountancysecretsecrecyvacantvacancyurgenturgency-icatmosphereatmosphericmagneticmagnetmetalmetallic-ygloomygloomguiltyguiltmastermastery[5]bankruptciesatmosphericdelicaciesurgencyaccountancygloommagnetmetallicmasteryvacancyguiltsecrecyContrarytothepredictionsofsomelocaleconomists,whoalwayswarnedthathigherwagesandbenefitswouldleadtoslowergrowthandbusinessbankruptcies,thesepolicieshadexactlytheoppositeeffect.一些当地的经济学家的预测,相反,总是警告说,更高的工资和福利将导致经济增长放缓和企业破产,这些政策已经完全相反的效果。Therearegrowingconcernsabouttheclimateeffects,suchasmeltingicecaps,droughts,floods,etc.,duetorisingatmosphericgreenhousegasconcentrations.人们越来越担心气候的影响,如冰帽融化、干旱、洪水、等,由于大气温室气体浓度上升。Longconsideredoneofthegreatdelicacies,gooselivermostcommonlyappearsonthemenuofFrenchdishesinhigh-endrestaurants.长期以来被认为是一位伟大的美味佳肴,鹅肝最常出现在法国菜在高档餐厅的菜单。Forthesakeoftheworld’sfutureprosperityandforitseliminationofhungeranddisease,reformsandinnovationsmustbepursuedwithurgency.为了世界的未来繁荣和消除饥饿和疾病,改革和创新必须与紧迫感。Manysmartpeoplebecameaccountantsinsteadofscientistsbecausethesciencetheywereexposedtoinschoolmadeaccountancyseemmoreattractivebycomparison.许多聪明的人不再是科学家，而是成为了会计师，因为他们在学校接触到的科学使会计工作相比之下更有吸引力。Despitethedeepeningeconomicgloom,hebelievesautomobilesaleswilllikelygrowvigorouslyoverthenextthreeyearsaslongasloaninterestratesremainlow.尽管深化经济低迷,他认为汽车销售可能会蓬勃发展在未来三年内,只要贷款的利率仍然很低。Thenearlyhigh-techparkhelpstheuniversitybecomea(n)magnetforsomeofthemostambitiousyoungbusinessmindsformaroundthecountry.这个近乎高科技的公园让这所大学成为吸引全国最具雄心的年轻人商业头脑的磁石。PhotographsofthisqualityarerareamongUFOPhotographs,butinthisparticularshotyoucanclearlyseeadisc-shapedmetallicobject.这质量是罕见的不明飞行物的照片照片,但在这个特殊的镜头你可以清楚地看到一个圆盘形金属物体。Sincethescopeofagricultureiswide，theadministratorsandinformationpersonnelinvolvedinitmusthaveagoodmasteryofthefield.由于农业的范围宽,管理员和人员的信息,必须有很好的掌握。Employersdecidetocreatea（n）vacancyonlywhentheexpectedprofitofafilledojobexceedsthehiringcostsforanewemployee.只有当一份全职工作的预期利润超过新员工的雇佣成本时，雇主才会决定创造一个职位空缺。Parentsoftensufferdeepfeelingsofguiltiftheirchildrenfailtosucceed,ordon'tintoresponsibleandlaw-abidingmembersofsociety.如果孩子没有成功，或者没有成为社会上负责任、遵纪守法的一员，父母往往会深感内疚。Irespecttheneedforsecrecyataparticularpointinfamilylife.ButIdobelievethatfamilymembersdobetterwhentheycanspeakopenlyaboutthingsthatreallymatter.我尊重在家庭生活的某一特定时刻需要保密。但我相信，当家人能公开谈论真正重要的事情时，他们会做得更好。[6]1-10:CIAOFHMKJDHaveyoueverheardPeoplesaythattheytendtobemoreofaright-brainorleft-brainthinker?Frombookstotelevisionprograms,youhaveprobablyheardtheterm1)Cmentionednumeroustimes,orperhapsyouhaveeventakenanonlinetestto2)Ideterminewhichtypebestdescribesyou.Dodifferentpartsofthebrainreallycontroldifferentbodilyandmentalfunctions?Overtheyears,atheorythathas3)Againedinpopularityisthattherightbrainandtheleftbrainare4)Oresponsiblefordifferentmodesofthoughtandthatthewayinwhichapersonthinkswilldependonwhichsideofhisbrainworksmoreactively.Peoplewhorelymore5)Fheavilyontherighthalfoftheirbraintendtobemoreimaginativeandspontaneous.Theyareinterestedinpatterns,shapesandsizes,fortherightbrainisassociatedwith6)Hartisticabilitylikesinging,paintingwritingpoetry,etc.Left-braindominatedpeoplearequite7)Moppositeinthewaytheythink.Theytendtobemorelogicaland8)Kanalyticalintheirthinkingandusuallystandoutinmathematicsandwordskills.Whilethedifferentfunctionsofthetwobrainpartsmayhavebeen9)Jdistortedandexaggeratedbypopularpsychology,understandingyourstrengthsandweaknessesincertainareascanhelpyoudevelopbetterwaystolearnandstudy.Forexample,ifyouareusually10)Dstumpedintryingtofollowverbalinstructions,anactivityoftencitedasaright-braincharacteristic,youcanbenefitfromwritingdowndirectionsanddevelopingbetterorganizationalskills.从书籍到电视节目，你可能听过无数次提到这个词，或者你甚至参加过在线测试，以确定哪种类型最适合你。大脑的不同部位真的控制着不同的身体和精神功能吗?多年来，一种越来越流行的理论是，右脑和左脑负责不同的思维模式，一个人的思维方式将取决于他的大脑哪个部分更活跃。更依赖右脑的人往往更有想象力，更自然。他们对图案、形状和大小感兴趣，因为右脑与唱歌、绘画、写诗等艺术能力有关。左脑主导的人的思维方式完全相反。他们的思维更有逻辑性和分析性，在数学和文字技能上也很突出。虽然大脑两个部分的不同功能可能已经被大众心理学扭曲和夸大了，但是了解你在某些领域的优缺点可以帮助你找到更好的学习和学习方法。例如，如果你在尝试执行口头指令时遇到了困难，这种行为通常被认为是右脑的特征，你可以从写下方向和发展更好的组织技能中获益。[7]weredrippingwithinexchangeforflaredupmakeananalogybetweensetadateformake…outofmadeapacthadappealedtoThebrickwallsoftheruinedbuildingsweredippingwithgreenmoldandmoisture,andsheshiveredinvoluntarilylookingdowntoavoidthesight.废墟上的砖墙上沾满了绿色的霉菌和湿气，她不由自主地往下看，以免被看到。Asurbanpopulationsexportedfinishedgoodsinexchangeforrawmaterialsfromneighboringpopulations,organizedtradegrewsubstantially.随着城市人口出口制成品，以换取邻国人口的原材料，有组织的贸易大幅增长。Knowingjusthowquicklyawildfirecanspread,someresidentsofthevillagedecidedtoleavetheirhomesaftertheflamesflaredupnearby.由于知道野火会以多快的速度蔓延，村里的一些居民决定在大火蔓延后离开家园。Biologyteachersoftenmakeananalogybetweentheheartandapumpinordertohelpstudentsunderstandhowtheheartworks.生物学老师经常把心脏和泵作类比，以帮助学生理解心脏是如何工作的。Theywouldliketosetadatefortheirweddingandannouncetheirengagementtotheirfamiliesandfriendsassoonaspossible.他们想为他们的婚礼定个日期，并尽快宣布他们与家人和朋友的订婚。Hewasdeterminednottosouraperfectlygooddaywiththememoryofonejealousclassmatetryingtomakeafooloutofhiminfrontoftheentireclass.他决心不让一个嫉妒的同学在全班同学面前把他当傻瓜，让他这一天过得很好。Thecouplemadeapactnevertoworkatthesametime，sothatoneofthemwasalwaysonfull-timeparentingduty，andtheirchildwouldn’thavetobelookedafterbystrangers.这对夫妇做了一个协议从来没有在同一时间工作,这其中一个总是在全日制教育责任,和他们的孩子不会被陌生人照顾。Thepresidentsaidthatit＇stheworstearthquakeevertohitthecountry，andthathehadappealedtotheworldforhelp,askinginparticularforheavy-lifthelicoptersabletocarryreliefsuppliesintotheisolatedmountainareas.总统说,这是有史以来最严重的地震袭击这个国家,他呼吁世界寻求帮助,要求特别是载重直升机能够携带救援物资到偏僻的山区。UNITTWOSectionALanguagefocusWordsinuse[3]deficientprosecutionoutrageappeasedconformitystrandcomplementtransientappliancesoutfitWeneedtoimprovethequalityofeducationsothatourchildrenwillnotleaveschooldeficientinliteraryandreasoningskills.我们需要提高教育质量，使我们的孩子不会离开缺乏文学和推理技能的学校。Inasocietygovernedbytheruleoflaw，everycitizenissubjecttopossibleprosecutionifheviolatesthelaw.在一个由法治的社会,每个公民都可能受到起诉,如果他违反了法律。Thepaygapbetweenaverageworkersandtopcorporateofficershasledtopubicoutrageasexecutivesreceivelargepackagesdespitefallingshareprices.普通员工与企业高管之间的薪酬差距，已引发公众的愤怒，因为尽管股价不断下跌，高管们仍能拿到巨额薪酬。Thedeliciousmealappeasedourhungerandmadeusfeelwarmagainafterhavingwalkedinthesnowallday.这顿美餐使我们的饥饿感减轻了，让我们在雪中走了一整天后又感到温暖。Themilitaryinsistsonconformityinmanyareas，forexample,dressandhaircut，withtheprimaryobjectiveofpromotinggroupunity.军方坚持整合在许多领域,例如,服装和发型,促进集团统一的主要目标。Mydaughterusedtoplaywiththedogbytakinga（n）strandofitshairandthenspendingalongtimerubbing,combingandtwistingit.我女儿过去常和这只狗玩耍，把它的一缕头发剪下来，然后花很长时间揉搓、梳理和捻。Whensheleftfortheparty，shetookgreatcaretomakehernecklaceandshoescomplementherdress.当她离开,她让她项链体贴入微,鞋补她的衣服。Itwasnecessarytoprovidelivingplacesfortransientimmigrantspassingthroughtheareaontheirwaytomorepermanentdwellings.有必要为经过这一地区前往更永久住所的临时移民提供居住场所。Theyhadjustmovedin，sotheyneededtobuyanumberofkitchenaappliances,includingamicrowaveoven,atoaster,andacoffeemaker.他们刚刚搬进来的,所以他们需要购买一些厨房电器,包括微波炉,烤面包机,咖啡机。Shewantedabeautifulandelegantoutfittoattendtheweddingofafriend,butcouldn'tfindanythingsatisfactoryinthenearbyshops.她想要一套漂亮雅致的衣服去参加一个朋友的婚礼，但在附近的商店里找不到满意的东西。[4]WordslearnedNewwordsformed-iondominatedominationorientorientationconfrontconfrontation-ercomposecomposerbindbinderscanscannermanufacturemanufacturererasererase-istimperialimperialistleftleftistterrorterroristhumanehumanist[5]dominationscannershumanistconfrontationleftistsorientationerasedterroristsmanufacturersbinderimperialistscomposersTheInternetchallengesthedominationoftraditionalmediasuchasnewspapersandtelevisionasthemainsourcesofnewsinmodernsociety.互联网挑战了报纸、电视等传统媒体作为现代社会主要新闻来源的统治地位。Somescientistswarnthatthex-rayscannersnowbeingusedtoscreenpassengersatmanyairportsmaybeharmfultothehumanbody.一些科学家警告说，目前在许多机场用于筛查乘客的x射线扫描仪可能对人体有害。Manypeoplethinkthata（n）humanistshouldhaveverystrongmorals，inadditiontobeliefsinaphilosophythatfocusesonhumanvaluesandconcerns.许多人认为一个人道主义者应该有很强的道德,除了信仰的哲学关注人类价值和关切。Thepoliceinterviewedallsixwitnesses,butnoneofthemcoulddescribeclearlyhowtheconfrontationbeganandwhoopenedfirefirst.警方采访了所有六名证人，但没有人能清楚地描述对峙是如何开始的，谁先开枪。Inpolitics,leftistsarepeoplewhogenerallysupportsocialchangestocreateamoreequalsocietyandshowconcernforthosewhosufferdisadvantages.在政治上，左翼人士通常支持社会变革，创造一个更加平等的社会，并关心那些遭受不利影响的人。Astudyofmid-leveladministratorscareerorientationshowedthatmanyofthesemanagersviewtheircurrentpositionasatemporarysteponanupwardpath.一项关于中层管理者职业取向的研究表明，许多管理者认为他们目前的职位是向上发展的暂时的一步。TheideathattheUnitedStatesisameltingpotimpliesthatracialdifferencesaretobeerasedandthatimmigrantsshouldgiveuptheirownculturaltraditions.认为美国是一个大熔炉的观点意味着种族差异将被消除，移民应该放弃他们自己的文化传统。Effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentopreventterroristfromattackingcivilians,peoplewhohavenopowertodefendthemselvesfrombombsandguns.应该采取有效措施，防止恐怖分子袭击平民，这些平民没有能力保护自己不受炸弹和枪支的袭击。Toyotaisoneoftheworld'slargestmanufacturersofcars，withmorethan50plantsacrosstheglobeoutsideJapan.丰田是世界上最大的汽车制造商,在全球50多个植物以外的日本。Hesenthisparentssomeofhisrecentnewsarticlesina（n）binder,arrangedaccordingtotheirpublicationdates.他给他的父母他的一些最近的新闻文章(n)粘合剂,安排根据他们的出版日期。ThisislandbecameacolonyafterEuropeanimperialistsdecidedtouseitastheirtradingportinthe19thcentury.在19世纪，欧洲帝国主义者决定把这个岛作为他们的贸易港口后，这个岛成了殖民地。TheconcerttobeheldnextmonthpromotesmusicbycomposersfromAfricaandSouthAmerica.下个月将举行的音乐会宣传来自非洲和南美的作曲家的音乐。[6]1-10:JMLBIAHODFIwasonceinarelationshipwithawomanwhowasthemostbrilliant，creativeanddrivenpersonI'deverknown.Itoldherthesethingsoftenbecauseshedidn’tseeherselfthiswaydespite1)Jachievinggreatsuccessandacclaim（称赞）inherprofessionalfield.Shewasalso2)Mgorgeousandsexy,thoughsheseemednottorealizethiseither,soItoldherthesethingstoo.ButwhileIthoughtitwasmoreimportanttopraiseherbrilliance,itseemedtomeanmoretoherthatshewas3)Lconsideredattractive.Myexperiencewiththisgirlfriendexemplifiesacommonphenomenoninlife-whenitcomestocomplimentingawoman，menoftenwalkaverydifficultline.Ofcourse,4)Bcontextmatters.Inaprofessionalsetting,talkingaboutappearanceisofteninappropriate,butatasinglesclub,itmaybeimportant.Shewillbeverypleasedifamanthinksherclothesand5）Iaccessoriesarepretty,orherhairlookswonderful.However,thingsinbetweenthesetwocasesareunclear.Womenhaveeveryrighttoberecognizedand6)Aappreciatedfortheirintelligenceandcreativity.Butatthesametime,theywanttobeadmiredfortheirlooksaswell,forexample,theirperfectskin7）Hcomplexionandelegantoutfits.Unfortunately,mostguysdon’tunderstandthis.Ifwereceivecomplimentsfromwomen,they＇reusuallyaboutourachievements,notourlooks.Mostofusdon'texpectawomantotellushow8)Ohandsomeorsexyweare,andsomeofuswouldfindithardtoregardsucha（n）9)Dcommentassincere.I'mnotsayingit'sveryhardtobeaguythesedays.Itisimportantforeverymantounderstandhowtotreatwomenwithbothrespectand10)Fadmiration.Butasfarastherightbalanceofthesetwoisconcerned,wereallyhavenoframeofreference,especiallywhenitcomestolooks.我曾经在与一个女人之间的关系是最聪明的,我所知道的创造性和驱动的人。我经常告诉她这些事情，因为尽管她在自己的专业领域获得了巨大的成功和赞誉，但她并没有这样看待自己。她也很美很性感，虽然她似乎也没有意识到这一点，所以我也告诉了她这些事情。虽然我认为赞美她的才华更重要，但对她来说，被认为有魅力似乎更重要。我的经验和这个女朋友是一种普遍现象在生活赞美一个女人,男人通常走路非常困难。当然,环境很重要。在职业场合，谈论外表通常是不合适的，但在单身俱乐部，谈论外表可能很重要。如果一个男人认为她的衣服和饰品漂亮，或者她的头发漂亮，她会很高兴。然而，这两种情况之间的情况尚不清楚。妇女完全有权利因她们的智慧和创造力而受到承认和赞赏。但与此同时，他们也希望自己的外表也能让人羡慕，比如完美的肤色和优雅的着装。不幸的是,大多数人不明白这一点。如果我们收到女性的赞美,他们通常对我们的成就,不是我们的样子。我们中的大多数人都不希望女人告诉我们自己有多帅或多性感，而我们中的一些人会发现很难把这样的评论当成是真诚的。我不是说很难一个人这些天。对每个男人来说，懂得如何以尊重和钦佩的态度对待女人是很重要的。但就这两者的正确平衡而言，我们真的没有参照系，尤其是在外貌上。[7]inhopesofcameupwithexcusedherselfwasobsessedwithreachingouttovoiceanopiniononliveuptointermsofEverymonth,theCommunityServicesCenteroffersseverallecturesonhealthandfitnessinhopesofintroducingpeopletohealthierlifestyles.每个月，社区服务中心都会举办几场关于健康和健身的讲座，希望向人们介绍更健康的生活方式。Doyouknowwhocameupwiththeideaofhavingcheesecakefordessertyesterday?Itwasdeliciousandmadeeveryonehappy.你知道昨天谁想出了吃芝士蛋糕当甜点的主意吗?味道很好，让每个人都很开心。ThepainmedicationleftClaudiafeelingratherdullandsleepy,andsoonafterdinnersheapologizedforbeingsuchpoorcompanyandexcusedherselftobed.止痛药让克劳迪娅感到相当的沉闷和困倦。晚饭后不久，她就为自己和这么糟糕的人在一起而道歉，并为自己找了个借口上床睡觉。WhenIwasyoung,Iwasobsessedwithmaps,andIsometimesspentthewholedaychartinglandroutesfromonepointtoanother.当我年轻的时候，我痴迷于地图，有时我花一整天的时间绘制从一个点到另一个点的陆地路线。Tomakeimmigrantscomfortablereachingouttopoliceforhelp,morethan70citiesnowbarpolicefromaskingthemtoprovetheirlegalstatus.为了让移民们乐于向警方求助，70多个城市禁止警方要求他们证明自己的合法身份。Marywasoftenaccusedof“havingastrongpersonality”becauseshewasnotafraidtovoiceanopiniononsubjectsaboutwhichshewasknowledgeable.玛丽经常被指责“个性很强”，因为她不怕就她所了解的问题发表意见。Attheendofhisterminofficethegovernorwascriticizedforfailuretoliveuptohiscampaignpromise.在他任期结束时，州长因未能履行其竞选诺言而受到批评。Resultsofasurveyrevealedthatofthetop10automobilemakersintermsofcustomersatisfaction,sixwereJapaneseandtwowereGerman.一项调查结果显示，在消费者满意度排名前10的汽车制造商中，有6家是日本公司，2家是德国公司。UNITthreeLanguagefocusWordsinuse[3]exquisitedisperseddecentralizeddeducefixturefrugalityadministratedisjointedRevivingelapseThecurtainschangedtheatmosphereofthehousecompletelyandmadeitintoaplaceofexquisitebeauty.窗帘完全改变了房子的气氛，使它成为一个优美的地方。Asthesundispersedtheclouds,weenjoyedourafternoonofplayingcardsintheforestundertheclearskyandobservingthemostspectacularviewIhaveeverseeninmylife.当太阳驱散乌云时，我们在晴朗的天空下的森林里打牌，欣赏着我一生中所见过的最壮观的景色。Thebigcompanydecentralizedtheiroperationslastyearandopenedseveralregionalofficesinthecountrytomeettheneedsofthemarket.这家大公司去年将业务分散，并在中国开设了几个地区办事处，以满足市场的需求。Itisnoteasytodeduceatrendofgrowthfromtheavailablefactssincetheyarequitescarceandnotthatconvincing.从现有的事实推断增长趋势是不容易的，因为它们非常稀少，也没有那么令人信服。Formerlyfoundonlyinlargeindustrialapplications,microwaveovensnowhavebecomeastandardfixtureofmostmodernkitchens.以前只在大型工业应用中被发现，现在微波炉已经成为大多数现代厨房的标准设备。Hecallsonthepublictosaveineverydaylifeandbelievesthatfrugalityisthekeytobattlingaculturethatrewardsmindlessconsumption.他呼吁公众在日常生活中储蓄，并相信节俭是对抗鼓励盲目消费的文化的关键。Heissuitableforthepositionasheisyoungenoughtounderstandwhattheteenagersthinkbutoldenoughtoadministratetheirprograms.他很适合这个职位，因为他足够年轻，能够理解青少年的想法，但足够年长，能够管理他们的项目。Whenaskedaboutherwhereaboutsat9o'clockthatnight,shegavearatherdisjointedresponse,whichcaughtthedetective'sattention.当被问及那天晚上9点她在哪里时，她回答得相当不连贯，引起了侦探的注意。Revivingthestalledeconomyandstickingtopromisestobringthedeficitdownnextyearisprovingtobetheprincipaltestforthenewpresident.复苏停滞的经济，并坚持承诺明年将削减赤字，这将成为新总统的主要考验。Aconsiderableperiodoftimehastoelapsebeforetheeffectsofsuchsecuritymeasuresasclosed-circuittelevisioncamerasandcell-phonemonitoringbecomeevidentinreducingcrimes.在闭路电视摄像机和手机监控等安全措施在减少犯罪方面发挥明显作用之前，需要相当长一段时间。[4]WordslearnedNewwordsformed-itypunctualpunctualitypurepurityscarcescarcityseniorsenioritysensitivesensitivitysolemnsolemnityspecialspecialtysuperiorsuperiorityvalidvalidityvisiblevisibilityre-assurereassurestructurerestructure[5]senioritypurityspecialtiesreassurescarcitypunctualitysensitivityrestructuringsuperiorityvalidityvisibilitysolemnityThenewevaluationpolicywillbaseitsdecisionsonworkers'efficiencyandeffectiveness,notsimplyonseniorityorhowlongoneworksinthecompany.新的评估政策将根据员工的效率和效率做出决定，而不仅仅是根据资历或在公司工作的时间。TheFrenchgovernmenthascalledonitspeopletodefendthepurityoftheirlanguageandfightagainstforeignculturalinvasion.法国政府呼吁本国人民捍卫本国语言的纯洁性，反对外国文化入侵。MyfriendhaslivedinNewYorkfor10yearsandlovesChinesefood.HeisfamiliarwithallthespecialtiesofChinatownrestaurants.我的朋友在纽约住了10年，喜欢中国菜。他熟悉唐人街餐馆的所有特色菜。Totallyshockedbythesightofthegreatsnowstorm,sheclosedhereyes,andthenopenedthemagaintoreassureherselfshewasn'tdreaming.她被眼前的暴风雪惊呆了，她闭上眼睛，然后再睁开，安慰自己她不是在做梦。Herrecentbookdescribesparentspressuredbycircumstancessuchastheever-expandingworkweekandthescarcityofhigh-qualitychildcare.她最近的书描述了由于工作时间的不断延长和高质量的儿童保育的缺乏等环境所带来的压力。Makesurenottobelateforthemeeting.Youknowthebossdoesexpectpunctualityfromus.确保开会不要迟到。你知道老板确实希望我们准时。Effectivecommunicationcombinedwithsensitivitytotheconcernsofothersmakesresolutionofmostdisputespossible.有效的沟通和对他人关注的敏感使大多数争议的解决成为可能。Anexperiencedmanagerfromtheheadquartershasbeenbroughtintoassistmanagementinrestructurethelocalbranchofthecompany.总部的一位经验丰富的经理被请来协助管理层重组公司的当地分公司。Theslightlygrayinghairandpiercingeyesofourteamleaderaddedtoanairofprofessionalsuperiorityandpoweronhisface.我们队长略显灰白的头发和锐利的眼睛给他脸上增添了一种职业化的优越感和力量。Shockedbytheresultsoftheelections,manypeoplestarttoquestiontheprocessofelectionsandchallengethevalidityofthevote.许多人对选举的结果感到震惊，他们开始质疑选举的进程，并质疑选举的有效性。Foghasreducedvisibilitytounder20metersandnoplaneshavetakenoffsinceearlymorning.大雾使能见度降低到20米以下，自清晨以来没有飞机起飞。Theoldgentlemandeliveredhisspeechwithsuchgravesolemnitythathesilencedallthestudentsintheauditorium(礼堂).那位老先生严肃而庄严地发表演说，使礼堂里的所有学生都鸦雀无声。[6]1-10:GIEAHNBOKLInsomeurbancenters,workaholism（工作狂）issocommonthatpeopledonotconsideritunusual:Theyacceptthelifestyleasnormal.GovernmentworkersinWashingtonD.C.forexample，1)Gfrequentlywork60to70hoursaweek.Theydon’tdothisbecausetheyhaveto；theydoitbecausetheywantto.Workaholismcanbeaseriousproblem.Trueworkaholics,beingdeeply2)Iimmersedintheirwork,allowthemselveslittleornotimetotakebreaks.Theyliketoworkwithoutbeing3)Edisrupted,andtheyprobablydon’tknowhowtorelax.ButIsworkaholismalwaysbad？Perhapsnot.Therearepeoplewhoworkwellunder4）Astress.Besides,somestudiesshowthatmanyworkaholicshavegreatenergyandinterestntheirown5）Hsphere.Theirworkissopleasurablethattheyareactuallyveryhappy.Formostworkaholics,workandentertainmentarethesamething.Theirwork6)Nchallengesthemkeepingthembusyandgenuinelyengaged.Whydoworkaholicsenjoydoingtheirjobssomuch？OfcoursetheygetPaychecksfromitbutitishardto7）Bquantifythepleasurewithmoney.Itoffersmorethan8)Ofinancialsecurity.Psychologistsclaimthatworkgivespeopleanidentityandprovidesthemwithself-confidencePeoplehaveafeelingofsatisfactionwhenthey9)Kadministrateabusinesswellorcompleteachallengingpieceofwork.Inaddition,mostJobsProvideasociallyacceptablewayforpeopletomeetothers.So,thoughsomepeoplearecompulsive（强迫性的）abouttheirwork,their10)Laddictionseemstobeasafeorevenanadvantageousone.Theyfeelemptyandincompletewhentheyareinvolvedinactivitiesnotrelatedtowork.在一些城市中心,工作狂是如此常见,人们并不认为它不同寻常:他们接受正常的生活方式。政府工作人员在华盛顿特区为例,经常每周工作60到70个小时。他们不这样做,因为他们;他们这样做是因为他们想。工作狂可能是一个严重的问题。真正的工作狂，沉浸在工作中，几乎没有时间休息。他们喜欢不受干扰地工作，而且他们可能不知道如何放松。但是工作狂总是坏事吗?也许不会。有些人在压力下工作得很好。此外，一些研究表明，许多工作狂在他们自己的领域里有着巨大的精力和兴趣。他们的工作是如此的愉快，以至于他们实际上非常快乐。对于大多数工作狂来说，工作和娱乐是一回事。他们的工作挑战了他们，让他们保持忙碌和真正的投入。工作狂为什么这么喜欢做他们的工作?当然他们从中获得的薪水但很难量化的乐趣。它提供的不仅仅是经济保障。心理学家认为，工作给人一种身份，给人一种自信。人们在管理好一项生意或完成一项富有挑战性的工作时，会有一种满足感。此外，大多数工作提供了一种社会可接受的方式让人们与他人见面。因此，尽管有些人对自己的工作有强迫性冲动，但他们的上瘾似乎是安全的，甚至是有利的。当他们参与与工作无关的活动时，他们会感到空虚和不完整。[7]held…inhighregardIntheinterimwasontosomethinginturnfromtimetotimepickontakeastabatboildowntoBecauseofhisquietpersonality,manypeoplesaidtheywouldnotelecthimpresidentoftheinstitutethoughtheyheldhiminhighregard.由于他性格沉静，许多人说他们不会选他为学院的校长，尽管他们很尊敬他。PetergraduatedfromcollegeinJuneandstartedhisworkintheautocompanyinAugust.Intheinterim,hetookatriparoundthecountry.彼得6月份大学毕业，8月开始在汽车公司工作。在此期间，他周游全国。Whenhisadvertisementusingthenewdigitaltechniquedrewasmanyas5,000responsesovernight,heknewhewasontosomething.当他使用新的数字技术做的广告在一夜之间吸引了多达5000人的回应时，他知道自己说得对。Whenstudentsaremoreinvolvedintheiracademicandextracurricularactivities,theywillexperiencearichercampuslifewhichinturnbenefitstheirdevelopment.当学生更多地参与他们的学术和课外活动时，他们将体验到更丰富的校园生活，这反过来也有利于他们的发展。Thescientistsoftheresearchcenterkeepthegoodhabitofsumminguptheirexperiencefromtimetotime.研究中心的科学家们保持着不时总结经验的好习惯。Whenevertheolderkidsinschooltriedtopickonherbrother,shewouldnotbeafraidtostandupforhim.每当学校里的大一点的孩子想找她哥哥的茬时，她都不怕为他说话。Ifhedoesn’ttrytogetaticketnow,he'sprobablynotgoingtogetone.So,hemightwanttotakeastabatitonemoretime.如果他现在不去买票，他可能就不会去买票了。所以他可能想再尝试一次。Therearealotofreasonsforreplacingyourharddriveoraddinganewonetoyouroldcomputer,buttheyallboildowntotheneedformorespace.更换硬盘或给旧电脑增加一个新的硬盘驱动器有很多原因，但它们都归结为需要更多的空间。Unit4SectionALanguagefocusWordinuse[3]consolidatedifferentiatedreadfulincompatibleallegedbizarrecorrelationnegligiblehabitatsintelligibleIwillconductatop-to-bottomreviewofthestatedepartments,agencies,andcommissions,andseektoconsolidatetoeliminatethemwhereappropriate.我将对国务院、各机构和各委员会进行自上而下的审查，并在适当的时候寻求合并，以消除它们。Toa10-year-oldgirl,youneedtoofferunderstandingaboutherwishesandhelpherdifferentiatebetweenfantasyandreality.对于一个10岁的女孩，你需要理解她的愿望，帮助她区分幻想和现实。Whenweheardaboutthedreadfulsufferingofthechildrenandadults,ourprimaryinstinct,likemillionsofothers,wastoshedtears.当我们听到孩子和大人的痛苦时，我们的本能反应，就像成千上万的人一样，就是流泪。Itwaswhenwestartedlivingtogetherthatwefound,tosadnessandsurprise,thatwewereincompatible.当我们开始生活在一起时，我们发现，悲伤和惊讶，我们是不相容的。Itwasallegedthathehadtakena＄50.000bribebeforetheprojectwastransferredtoanothercompany.据称,他采取了50.000美元贿赂项目之前被转移到另一家公司。Thebudgetproposalhasbeendescribedas"bizarre"and“inappropriate”bypeopleobjectingtoit.这项预算提案被反对的人形容为“奇怪的”和“不恰当的”。Itseemsthatwhatpeoplebelieveandwhatresearchershavefoundoutaboutthecorrelationbetweenwealthandhappinessaremoredifferentthanoverlapping.似乎人们所相信的和研究人员发现的关于财富和幸福之间的关系的东西比重叠的东西更不同。Currentexpenditureinthismuseumisnegligibleincomparisonwiththehugeamountwhichforeignmuseumsofsimilarstandingspend.与国外同类博物馆的巨额投资相比，这个博物馆的流动开支微不足道。Theairandriversinthisareaaregettingcleaner，andattemptstopreserveanimalspeciesandtheirhabitatshavebeenmainlysuccessful.这个地区的空气和河流越来越干净,并试图保护动物物种和它们的栖息地主要是成功的。Ifyoucanproviderationalandintelligentdebatesfromanunbiasedpointofview,maybewewillalllearnsomething.如果你能从一个不带偏见的角度提供理性和理智的辩论，也许我们都能学到一些东西。[4]WordslearnedNewwordsformed-ousharmonyharmoniousdisasterdisastrousspacespacioushazardhazardousvirtuevirtuousvictoryvictoriousdesiredesirousadventureadventurous-lyevenevenlyroutineroutinelyconsequentlyconsequentrespectiverespectively[5]victor