广东省广州市越秀区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末统考英语试题（Word版含答案无听力部分）

第第页广东省广州市越秀区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末统考英语试题（Word版含答案，无听力部分）广州市越秀区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末统考

英语试卷

本试卷共10页，全卷满分为120分。考试用时120分钟。

2023.7

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用2B铅笔填涂答题卡上的相应位置。因不考听力，试卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

3.回答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔或涂改液。写在本试卷上无效。

4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

RINSEANDREPEAT

Thewaterusedbyyourhouseholdcanthendodoubledutyonalawnorgarden.Welcometogreywaterrecycling.

Water’snotblackandwhite:There’sagreyzone.Whatgoesdownthedrainaftershowers,toothbrushing,orlaundryiscalledgreywater(incontrasttoblackwaterwhichgoesdownthetoilet).Youwouldn’tdrinkit,butyourplantscan.

California-basedGreywaterActionrunsworkshopsonreusingrainwateranddrainwater.Notalllocationsallowit,butinthosethatdo,it’srelativelysimpletosetup.Herearesomebasics.

Theeasysolution

ProjectsthatreusegreywaterrangefromtheprofessionaltotheDIY:alaundry-to-landscapesystemthatcanbemadeoveraweekendwithafewhundreddollarsinparts.Installadivertervalve(分流阀)onthepipeofyourwashingmachine.Afteracycle,guideusedwateroutthroughaPVCpipetoplantings.

Storageanduse

Useagreywaterprojecttorethinkyourlandscape,suggestsGreywaterActionco-founderLauraAllen.Startwithreducingtypicallythirstylawnsandthenaddclimate-appropriatetrees,bushes,andgroundcover.Besides,greywatersmellsifit’snotusedrightnow.Allenalsoadvisesflushing(冲洗)storagetanksdaily.

Workthelaws

Ifyourcityorstateregulationsbantheuseofgreywater,asktohavethemreviewed.Divertinggreywatercanhelpconventionalwastewatertreatmentsystemslastlongerandreducepeakflowintochannels.Also,itisn’t“grey”untilitgoesdownadrain.Socatchwaterthatfallsastheshowerwarmsinafive-galloncontainer,thenuseitinyourtoilettankorgarden.

21.Whatdoesthetextfocuson

A.Whygreywatersmells.B.Whygreywaterexists.

C.Howgreywatercanbereused.D.Howgreywatercanbereduced.

22.Whatcanweknowaboutgreywaterinthetext

A.Waterflushedbythetoiletisgreywater.

B.Thefacilitiesmustbeinstalledbyprofessionals.

C.Greywatershouldbeusedimmediatelytopreventsmells.

D.Thestoragetankshavetobecarefullywashedonceaweek.

23.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom

A.Amagazine.B.Anadvertisement.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Abiologytextbook.

B

OnJuly2,1937,AmeliaEarhartandFredNoonanleftLae,NewGuineaforHowlandIslandinthePacific.Thiswaswithoutadoubtthelongestandmostdangerouspartoftheirtriparoundtheworld.Earharthadtroubleshortlyaftertakeoff.Theweatherwasstormy,soshehadtoflyatapproximately3,000meters.Goingthishightheplaneusedupgasquickly.

Afterabout20hours,EarhartandNoonanapproachedHowlandIsland.Theislandwasonlyaboutahundredkilometersawayatthispoint,butthebrightsunwasshiningintheirfaces,sotheycouldn’tseeit.NearHowland,aship—theItasca—waswaiting.Earhartcontactedtheship:“Gasislow,”shesaid.TheItascatriedtomaintaincontactwithher,butitgotnoresponse.Finally,theItascacalledforhelp.PeoplesearchedforEarhartandNoonanfordays.Despitegreatefforts,theyfoundnothing.

WhathappenedtoAmeliaEarhartNooneknowsforsure.Duringtheflight,shelikelyheadedinthewrongdirectionbecausethesunwasbrightanditwashardtosee.PerhapssheandNoonangotlostsomewhereoverthePacific.Soonafter,herplaneranoutofgas,andshecrashedintothesea.AnotherideaisthatEarhartmighthavelandedonanearby,uninhabitedislandcalledNikumaroro,whereshelaterdied.Researchersrecentlybroughtbone-sniffingdogstotheisland,though,andnohumanboneswerefound.AmoreextremetheoryisthatEarhartflewtheplanetoMarshallIslandandlatersecretlyreturnedtotheUnitedStatesunderanewname.

Thefirsttheoryseemsmostlikely.However,noneoftheseideashasbeenproven.Today,peoplearestillinvestigatingEarhart’sandNoonan’sdisappearance.Whateverhappened,Earhartprobablydiedasshewished,“WhenIgo,”sheoncesaid,“I’dlikebesttogoinmyplane.”

24.WhywastheflighttoHowlandIslandsodifficulttoEarhartandNoonan

A.Thetripwasmostdangerousintheworld.

B.Theflightcontainedaheightof3,000meters.

C.EarhartandNoonanwereinexperiencedpilots.

D.HowlandIslandwasfarawayfromNewGuinea.

25.WhathappenedshortlyafterEarhartandNoonantookofffromNewGuinea

A.Theywereforcedtoflyhigherbecauseofastorm.

B.ThesunwastoobrighttoseesoEarhartlostdirection.

C.TheItascagotnoresponsefromthemandlosttheircontact.

D.Theirplanesoonranoutofgasolinesoitcrashedintothesea.

26.HowisParagraph3developed

A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bylistingassumptions.

C.Bymakingcontrast.D.Byprovidingcauseandeffect.

27.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout

A.AfailedtriptoexploreHowlandIsland.

B.Amysteriousdisappearanceoftwopilots.

C.Adifficultinvestigationofamissingplane.

D.Twowomenheroicpilotsandtheirlastflight.

C

Seafoodthatneverseesthesea

Although80%oftheworld’sseafoodcomesfrommarineharvests,thereisamajorshiftunderwaytowardaquaculture(水产业)now.Nearly40%ofsalmonmarketedtodayisraisedinfishfarms,comparedwith6%adecadeago.Almost35%ofalloystersareproducedinfarmenvironments,alongwith65%offreshwaterfish.“Thefactthatworldseafoodsuppliescontinuetoincreaseatallisduealmostentirelytothephenomenalgrowthinaquaculture,”saysAnnePlattMcGinn,aresearchassociateattheWorldwatchInstitute.

Biotechnologyiscontributingtohigh-yieldaquaculturethroughtransgenics—thetransferofgenesfromonespeciestoanother.Researchersintroduceadvantageousgeneticfeaturesintofish,creatingstrongerstocks.Forexample,somespeciesoffishhaveaproteinthatallowsthemtoliveinArcticwaters.Bytransplantingthis“anti-freeze”geneintootherspecies,researchershavecreatedmorefishthatcansurviveinextremelycoldwater.Biotechnologistsareattemptingtoimproveawiderangeofgeneticfeaturesinfishusedforaquaculture,developingfishthatarelargerandfaster-growing,moreefficientinchangingfeedintomuscle,moretolerantoflowoxygenlevelsinwater,andbetterabletoresistdisease.

Whileaquacultureproducesareliablesourceofprotein,therearealotofenvironmentalproblemsintheindustry,claimsMcGinn.Perhapsthebiggestconcerniswaterpollution.Fishwasteanduneatenfoodaccumulateatfarmsitesandcanfloatdirectlydownstreamintowatersupplies.McGinnchargesthataquaculturealsousesresourcesinefficiently.Fishfarmsneedproteinfeed,andabout17%ofoceanfish,anoverharvestedwildresource,becomesfoodforfarm-raisedfish.“Anestimatedfivekilogramsofoceanicfishreducedintofishmealarerequiredtoraiseonekilogramoffarmedoceanfishorshrimp,representingalargenetproteinloss,”saysMcGinn.

Fishfarmingdoesnothavetobeaninefficientorpollutingindustry.McGinnpredictsthatmanyconsumerswillchoosesustainablyproducedfishinthefuture,justastheypreferdolphin-freetuna(金枪鱼)today.

28.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1

A.Nearly80%oftheworld’sseafoodissourcedfrommarineharvests.

B.Theaquacultureundergoesminorchangeswithintherecentdecade.

C.Mostoftheseafoodpeopleconsumearesuppliedbyfishfarmstoday.

D.Theincreaseinaquaculturebringsabouttheriseofworldseafoodsupplies.

29.Howdobiotechnologistspromotethehighproductionofseafood

A.Theycreateevenlargerandfaster-growingfish.

B.Theymakeuseofthetechnologyoftransgenics.

C.Theyintroduceavarietyofgeneticfeaturesinfish.

D.Theytransplant“anti-freeze”genesintootherspecies.

30.Whatisoneoftheproblemscausedbypresentseafoodindustry

A.Itfailstoprovideareliablesourceofprotein.

B.Itreducesthewildresourceforfarm-raisedfish.

C.Itleadstotheover-consumptionofoceanicfish.

D.Itcausesgreatwaterpollutiondownstreamonly.

31.WhatdoesMcGinnmeanbysaying“justastheypreferdolphin-freetunatoday”

A.Aquacultureisaveryseriouspollutingindustry.

B.Fishfarmingcanbeimprovedtobeeco-friendly.

C.Mostconsumersareagainstthepresentfishfarming.

D.Dolphin-freetunaisconsumers’favouritefishmeal.

D

Ifyouthinksearchenginespoweredbyartificialintelligenceprovideyouwithuseful-soundinganswers,itismorelikelythatyouarewrong,researchershavefound.“Inthesecurrentsystems,accuracyisnegativelyrelatedtoperceivedusefulness,”saysNelsonatStanfordUniversity.“Thethingsthatlookbetterendupbeingworse.”

MicrosoftisjustoneofmanycompaniesofferingAI-poweredsearchtools,whichgenerateresultsindigestibleparagraphsthatciteotherwebsitesratherthansimplyreturningalistoflinks.Toinvestigatethesetools,Nelsonandhiscolleaguesfed1,450popularsearchesintoBingChatandothersuchtools,includingNeevaAIandPerplexityAI.Thesequestionsincludedexamplessuchas“Whatarethelatesttechnologicaldiscoveries”Theteamthenaskedpeopletoratewhetherthecontentusedascitations(引文)intheresultsactuallysupportedthestatementsmadebytheAIs.

Accordingtothisassessment,only75%ofcitationssupportedthesentencestheywereattachedto,andonly52%ofstatementsweresupportedbycitationsatall.“Thatmeanstheresteitherhavenocitations,ortheyarejustwrong.”saysNelson.

Theresearchersalsoaskedpeopletoratefluencyofresponseandhowusefultheyseemed,anddiscoveredanegativecorrespondence.Forevery0.1increaseinfluencyratings,theprecisiondecreasedby10.6%.

AravindSrinlvas,aco-founderofPerplexityAI,sayshewelcomesthestudy.“Theresultsaresimilartotheworkthecompanyhasconducted,andimprovementsarepossible.Neverjudgeanupcomingtechnologybywhatitistoday,butratherbythepotentialforwhatitcanbeinthefuture,”hesays.ButNelsonisn’tsurewhetherAI-poweredsearchistherightapproach.“I’malittlemixedonwhethersuchsearchtoolsshouldberolledintosystems,”hesays.

32.HowdidNelson’steamexaminetheAI-poweredsearchtools

A.Theyintervieweddifferentexpertsonthisfield.

B.TheyinvitedBingChatuserstoratethecontent.

C.Theycomparedtheresultsofdifferentcompanies.

D.Theyinputcommonlysearchedquestionsintothetools.

33.WhydidNelson’steamconductthestudyonAI-poweredengines

A.Tooffersourcesandcitations.B.Todemonstratetheirpotentials.

C.Tohighlighttheirpositiveaspects.D.Totesttheiraccuracyandfluency.

34.WhatisAravindSrinlvas’sattitudetowardsthefutureofAI-poweredengines

A.Optimistic.B.Intolerant.C.Skeptical.D.Wait-and-see.

35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext

A.AIIsComingtoSearchEngines

B.HowtoLivewithArtificialIntelligence

C.CanWeTrustAI-PoweredSearchEngine

D.MicrosoftAdoptsAI-PoweredSearchEngine

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Writingpoetrycanseemfrighteningifyoudonotfeelyouarenaturallycreative.Butwiththerightinspirationandapproach,youcanalsowriteapoemthatyoucanbeproudtosharewithothersinclassorwithyourfriends.

◆36Youcanstartyourpoembyfocusingonaparticularsubjectorconceptthatyoufindfascinating.Thiscangiveyourpoemacleargoalorobjective.Forexample,youmaydecidetowriteapoemaroundthethemeof“loveandfriendship.”

◆Chooseapoeticform.Getyourcreativejuicesflowingbypickingaformforyourpoem.Therearemanydifferentpoeticformsthatyoucanuse,fromfreeversetosonnet.37Chooseoneandsticktothatstructuresoyourreaderfeelsconnectedtoyourpoem.

◆Useconcreteimagery.Avoidabstractimageryandgoforconcretedescriptionsinyourpoem.Youshouldalwaystrytodescribesomethingusingthefivesenses:smell,taste,touch,sight,andsound.Usingconcreteimagerywillimmerseyourreaderintheworldofyourpoem.38

◆Includeliterarydevices.Literarydeviceslikemetaphorandsimileaddvarietyanddepthtoyourpoetry.39Trytousesomethroughoutyourpoem,varyingthemsoyoudonotuseonlymetaphorsoronlysimilesinyourwriting.

◆Readthepoemoutloud.Onceyouhavecompletedadraftofthepoem,youshouldreaditaloudtoyourself.40Payattentiontohoweachlineofyourpoemflowsintothenext.Keepapenclosebysoyoucanmarkanylinesorwordsthatsoundawkward.

A.Pickaspecificthemeoridea.

B.Noticehowthewordssoundonthepage.

C.Youmaygoforsomethatyoufindeasytouse.

D.Anditwillalsomakeimagescomealiveforthem.

E.Usingthemcanmakeyourpoemstandouttoyourreaders.

F.Decidepoemswritteninthesamepoeticformyouareinterestedin.

G.Youshouldalsoshareyourpoemwithotherpoetstogetfeedbackfromthem.

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

AndrewMcLindonisabusinessmanandcyclist.About15yearsago,hewas41hisbikeinAustin,Texas,whenhethoughtaboutafriend’s12-year-oldson.Theboyhad42knownthejoyofbikingbecausehesufferedfromhydrocephalus(脑积水),whichoftencauses43disturbances.

Whenhegothome,McLindonwentonlineandfoundathree-wheel44withaseatbelt,perfectforachildwithbalanceissues.Soontheboywaspedalingaroundthestreetwithhispeers,having45andgettingexercise.Buttherewasmore,asMcLindonreceivedfeedbackfromhisfriend.“Toseehisson46otherkids,”McLindonsays.“I’llneverforgetthesmileonhisface.”

That47launchedtheMcLindonFamilyFoundation.48bydonations,thegroupworkswithpediatricrehab(儿童康复中心)clinicstofindchildrenwhocan49owninganadaptivebike—andtohelpcrafteachbiketotheparticularneedsofthechild.Abikemay50aheadrest,aseatbelt,brakingmechanismintheback,andsoon.Thebikesare51—$3,000to$4,000,andthat’salreadywiththefoundation’sbigdiscount.Forkidsluckyenoughtogetone,they’realife52.

“Weworkedwitha14-year-oldwhohasspinabifida(脊柱裂),”saysMcLindon.“ShespentmostdaysonthecouchwatchingTV.Soonaftershegotherbike,she53forspecial-needstriathlons:swimming,cycling,andrunning.Inamagazineinterview,shesaid,‘Ialwaysknewtherewasa(n)54inme.’”Sofar,thefoundationhasgivenaway450bikes,andthat’sjustastart.“Idoalotofthings.Irunalotofcompanies,”McLindonsays.“55gettingthesekidstheirbikesisthemostimportantthingthatIdo.”

41.A.sellingB.repairingC.ridingD.advertising

42.A.alreadyB.neverC.seldomD.almost

43.A.balanceB.memoryC.sleepD.mood

44.A.carB.cartC.vehicleD.bike

45.A.wordsB.funC.sportD.lessons

46.A.talkwithB.testoutC.callonD.interactwith

47.A.sentenceB.commentC.actionD.smile

48.A.FundedB.PlannedC.HeldD.Organized

49.A.benefitfromB.competeforC.recoverfromD.longfor

50.A.connectB.includeC.fitD.keep

51.A.comfortableB.reasonableC.expensiveD.impressive

52.A.plannerB.supporterC.changerD.carrier

53.A.appliedB.trainedC.tutoredD.searched

54.A.athleteB.singerC.actorD.businessman

55.A.SoB.AlsoC.ThoughD.But

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Whilericeandwheatarethetwomostcommonlyconsumedgrainsworldwide,astudy56(cover)morethan100,000peopleinNorthwestChinahasrevealedthatchoosingriceasastaplefood(主食)mayresult57alowerriskofobesity.

ResearchersfromXi’anJiaotongUniversitycollecteddatafromparticipants,agedbetween30sand70s,58areresidentsoffivenorthwesternprovincial-levelregions.Theparticipants59(respond)toquestionnairesviaface-to-faceinterviews,providinginformationabouttheirmedicalhistoryandlifestyle,suchasalcoholconsumption,smokingandphysicalactivity.60(make)abetteranalysis,theresearchersdividedtheparticipantsintothreegroupsaccordingtotheirweeklyriceandwheatintake,withsimilar61(frequent).

Theresultsshowthatricepreferencemayberelatedtoalowerriskofcertainobesitytypesin62populationofNorthwestChina.Whenwheatloverschangedtheirstaplefoodtoricefivetimesperweek,63showeda36.5percentlowerriskofnormal-weightobesityinmenanda20.5percentlowerriskofnormal-weightcentralobesityinwomen.

Theresearchersconcludedthat64(compare)withapreferenceforwheat,apreferenceforrice,orchangingfromwheattorice,couldbeassociatedwithlowerrisksofoverallfataccumulation,65(especial)forindividualswithnormalweight.

第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

假定你是李华，你在澳大利亚旅游的时候发现George对中国特别感兴趣，并希望能到中国旅行。请你邀请他到广州游览。内容包括：

1.感谢他的款待；

2.介绍广州标志性风物；

3.期盼回复。

参考词汇：标志性风物iconicattraction

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答；

DearGeorge,Yours,LiHua

第二节（满分25分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

“Whatwillwebesingingforcontestthisyear”astudentfrommyhighschoolchoiraskedeagerly.

Idreaded(害怕)thismoment.“Iwasthinking,”Isaid,“maybewe’llskipthecontestandjustworkhardontheconcert