高一英语语法定语从句之关系副词课件

Unit5

NelsonMandela---amodernheroTheAttributiveClausesByWHY2017.11Grammar定语从句之关系副词ThestrucureofanattributiveclauseRevision:基础知识1先行词主句中被修饰或限定的名词或代词关系词关系代词和关系副词，引导定语从句并代替先行词在从句中做相同成分从句1、缺少主语/宾语/状语/定语；2、但必须有谓语；3、所缺成分具有唯一性；4、缺什么补什么；++WHY?已经作定语从句中的成分定语从句好像一面镜子，对先行词进行描述先行词就是主句中的“本人”同指关系关系词就是“镜子”里的“自己”，在定语从句中代替先行词这种情况不会出现，因为先行词或关系词作定语从句中的相同成分（同指关系）先行词作定语从句中的主语或宾语，关系词也要作定语从句中的主语或宾语，因而选用关系代词引导定语从句。先行词作定语从句中的状语，关系词也要作定语从句中的状语，因而选用关系副词引导定语从句。先行词关系词Haveyoulearnedaboutthecitywherewearevisiting?Haveyoulearnedaboutthecitywhichwearepayingavisit?(which/that)及物动词后缺宾语及物动词后有宾语，缺状语where×Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.\I’dliketolendyousomebookswhichyouaresuretofindtheminteresting.这种情况不会出现，因为关系词已经作了定语从句中的成分，定语从句中不能出现相同成分\×先行词关系词Istillremembertheyearswhenwestudiedtogetherthen.IfoundthebookattheplacewhereIlostitthereyesterday.ThisisthepointwhereIdisagreewith.改错：定语从句中重复出现先行词或关系词所作的成分\\\引导定语从句的关系词只指代人只指代事物人、物皆可指地点指时间指原因

who,whomwhichthat,whose,aswherewhenwhy关系代词关系副词Revision:基础知识2作定语从句中的主语、宾语、定语等作定语从句中的状语英语名谚：Thedictionaryistheonlyplace_______successcomesbeforework.

只有在字典里，“成功”才会出现在“工作”之前。先行词是事物，也有特殊修饰，但是……先行词作定语从句中的状语成分！？where如何使用关系副词

Summary:关系词判断规律:?先行词是什么？有何特殊修饰？作定语从句中的什么成分？定语从句及主句的句式特征“四位一体”成分优先定语从句关系副词的使用关系词的判定：先行词作定语从句中什么成分？

原则上先行词作定语从句中的主语、宾语、介词宾语，要用关系代词引导定语从句；先行词作定语从句中的状语，要用关系副词引导定语从句。

缺什么补什么但最难判断的是先行词到底作宾语还是作状语，此时一定要抓住定语从句的谓语动词的特点，特别是定语从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。先行词作定语从句中的主语、宾语、介词宾语

关系代词:who/whom/whose/that/which/as

缺主语←无论谓语什么形式主语＋vt.→缺宾语主语＋vi./be表语＋介词→缺宾语主语＋双宾语vt.→缺一个宾语主语＋vt.→缺宾语

＋宾补关系词的判定：先行词作定语从句中什么成分？（定语从句中缺少宾语）关系词的判定：先行词作定语从句中什么成分？先行词作定语从句中的状语

关系副词：when/where/why(或介词＋which)主语＋vi.→缺状语主语＋vt.＋宾语→缺状语主语＋be＋表语→缺状语主语＋bedone（被动语态）→缺状语主语＋vt.＋双宾语/复合宾语→缺状语（定语从句中缺少状语）when,where,why&that,which

Thisisthereason__________(=forwhich)Ididn’tcomehere.Thereason____________shegavemewasnottrue.why(which/that)指时间、地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用关系代词which或that引导定语从句；先行词如在定语从句中作状语，要使用关系副词引导定语从句。主语＋vt.→缺宾语主语＋vi.→缺状语1)I’llneverforgettheday_________wefirstmetinthepark.2)I’llneverforgetthetime_____________Ispentwithyou.3)Thisisthemuseum______________Ipaidavisitlastyear.4)Thisisthemuseum______________Ivisitedlastyear.when(which/that)where(which/that)when,where,why&that,which

主语＋vi.→缺状语主语＋vt.→缺宾语主语＋vt.＋宾语→缺状语主语＋vt.→缺宾语5)Thisisthestory_____________theoldmantoldusyoungpeople.6)Thisisthestory________________theoldmantoldusyoungpeoplehisexperience.7)Thisisthepoint___________________Idon'tagree.8)Thisisthepoint_____________Idon'tagreewith.(that/which)where/inwhichwhere/withwhich(which/that)when,where,why&that,which

主语＋双宾语vt.→缺一个宾语主语＋vt.＋双宾语→缺状语主语＋vi.→缺状语主语＋vi.＋介词→缺宾语9)Later,theycametoaplace_____________thenativescalledtheGhostCave.10)Thisistheverycase______________anewwordisuseduncorrectly,althoughithasbeenlearntbyheart.(that/which)wherewhen,where,why&that,which

主语＋vt.→缺宾语

＋宾补主语＋bedone（被动语态）→缺状语成分优先Groupwork:Listvt.orvi.asmanyasyoucan.?Discussion容易误用作不及物动词的

及物动词(vt.)：enter,reach,mention(提到),serve,marry,discuss,fit,lack(缺乏),greet(问候),ring,doubt(怀疑),say等上述及物动词作谓语（后无宾语）时，定语从句要关系代词引导。Thatwasacave___________nobodyhadenteredbefore.(which/that)容易误用作及物动词的

不及物动词(vi.)：agree,disagree,knock,object(反对),arrive,live,lie,flow,operate(做手术),depend,stay,rely(依靠、取决于),wait,work,happen,insist(坚持),reply,talk,look,listen,belong,rise,givein等上述不及物动词作谓语时，定语从句（不缺主语）要用关系副词或介词加关系代词引导。Lanzhouisacity___________________theYellowRiverflows.where/throughwhich提升训练?1.I’mverygladtoreturntomyhometown________Ihadlivedfor10years.2.Thisismyhometown____________Iusedtotalkabouttoyou.3.IthinkIcanunderstandthereason_____hedidn’ttellthetruthtome.4.Noonebelievesthereason____________heofferedusabouthisabsenceatthemeeting.where(which/that)why(that/which)关系副词的使用：关注“特殊”含义的先行词当先行词为point,situation,case,stage等表示“情况，境地，场合”或activity/match/race/party等表示“活动”含义的名词而且作定语从句中的状语时，其后定语从句常由where引导。如：Canyouthinkofasituation

wherethisphrasecanbeused?Idecidedtogototheparty,whereIcouldmeetsomeoldfriends.关系代词前有介词，用which指物、用whom指人,不用that引导定语从句；Thisisthehouseinwhichhewasborn.Iagreewiththeidea_______________

youthoughtof.that/which/(leftout)做of的宾语Iagreewiththeidea（主句）_____youthoughtofwhich.Iagreewiththeidea___________

youthoughtof.ofwhich这就叫介词提前的关系代词，prep+关系代词。请思考：可用于介词后的关系代词有哪几个？请还原which在从句中的位置which/whom/whoseThisistheboy.Iplayedtennis_____theboyyesterday.

We’llgotovisitthefamousschool.Wehaveoftentalked_____thefamousschool.withaboutThisistheboy

whom/that/\/who

Iplayedtenniswith.We’llgotovisitthefamousschool

which/that/\

wehaveoftentalkedabout.

with×××××aboutOctober1st,1949istheday_______________thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.此处onwhich=when有些时间介词+which=when某些介词+which与关系副词之间的关系：时间状语onwhich/when但要关注介词与关系副词之间的排斥性。Haveyoueverdreamedofplayinginfrontofthousandsofpeopleataconcert,______________everyoneisclappingandappreciating(欣赏)yourmusic?此处atwhich=where有些方位介词+which=whereatwhich/where某些介词+which与关系副词之间的关系：地点状语Ididn’tgetapayrise,butthiswasn’tthereason____________Ileft.Thereason_____________hewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain.此处forwhich=whyforwhich/whyforwhich/why某些介词+which与关系副词之间的关系：原因状语Conclusion介词+which

在定语从句中做时间状语时，等于when介词+which在定语从句中做地点状语时，等于whereforwhich

在定语从句中做原因状语时，等于why1、介词+which都可以转换成关系副词吗？2、关系代词前介词的选择有什么规律？？关系代词前介词的确定preposition+which（指物）

preposition+whom（指人）

preposition+whose（指所属）Howtochoosetherightprepositions？

关系代词前介词的确定1.

Doyoulikethebook____________

shespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebook____________

shepaid$10?3.

Doyoulikethebook____________

shelearnedalot?4.

Doyoulikethebook____________

sheoftentalks?onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichConclusion根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。关系代词前介词的确定Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy____wemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich2.Guncontrolisasubject_____Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich

★★MorePracticeI’llneverforgettheday________

hemadethespeech._____theday

+ononwhichThemoment_____whichImadethedecisionisexciting.

____

themoment

atatThemonth_____whichIleftforvocationisJuly.

_____

themonth

in

in这些介词是根据什么规则选择的呢？2)根据先行词与介词的逻辑关系搭配来决定。关系代词前介词的确定Thepaper______whichheis

writing

nowwasboughtyesterday.

Thepen_______whichheiswriting

nowwasboughtyesterday.onTestyourselveswith关系代词前介词的确定

Air,________whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.3）根据定语从句所表达的意义和逻辑来确定。withoutConclusion此处介词是根据什么规则选择的呢？关系代词前介词的确定4)根据定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配。Hegavemesomereferencebooks_____whichIamnotveryfamiliar.withConclusion此处介词是根据什么规则选择的呢？关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定5）

非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.

Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.6）whose引导的定语从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.

Theyliveinahouse,

thedoorofwhich

openstothesouth.

Theyliveinahouse,

ofwhichthedoor

openstothesouth.关系代词前介词的确定Canyouworkthemout??????Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,________whichwecan’tlive.2.Thestudent________whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.I’llneverforgettheday_____whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason______whichhehasn’tturnedupyet?foraboutonwithout

常见的这类动词短语有:lookfor/after/forwardto/into;giveoff;setabout;carefor(照顾，喜欢);takecareof等.Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.

在固定短语中介词不能提前!下面两句中的介词能提前吗?介词提前的关系代词（prep+关系代词）

引导定语从句时应注意的问题1、提前介词+which/whom/whose+n.

，不可使用that/who/as，也不可省略关系代词。2、定语从句中固定短语中的介词不可前置。3、有些时间介词、方位介词或介词for+which相当于关系副词，作定语从句中的时间状语、地点状语、原因状语，此时应当注意介词与关系副词的排斥性。4、特别注意介词的使用错误，如时间介词、方位介词、短语中固定搭配的介词、表示整体与部分关系的介词of等。5、注意语序问题，特别是表示所属含义或整体与部分关系含义时的语序，以及介词前置导致的定语从句倒装等。Correctthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtit

yesterday.2.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.3.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.∧tothatTestyourself4.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.5.Thosethathaven’tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.whichwhoCorrectthesentences:Testyourself6.ThisisthelasttimewhenI’vegivenyoulessons.7.Thereasonwhichheexplainedittousagainsoundsreasonable.thatwhyCorrectthesentences:Testyourself8.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.givesCorrectthesentences:Testyourself9.Taiwan,thatweknow,belongstoChina.10.ThebikebywhichItravelledwastheonewhichmyfatherboughtmelastmonth.asonCorrectthesentences:that或去掉whichTestyourself定语从句关系词使用一览表

定语从句先行词类别意义及成分

限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句定语从句中应注意的事项

主语人who,thatwho1、关系代词不可省略；2、主谓一致；3、谓语动词的时态、被动语态及谓语动词的完整性；物which,thatwhich宾语人(whom,who,that)whom1、宾语不可重复；2、非限制性定语从句中关系代词不可省略；3、关注容易误用为不及物动词的及物动词；物(which,that)which介词宾语人whomwhom1、介词的正确选择；2、介词与关系副词的排斥性；3、关系代词不可省略；4、（动词）短语的识别；物whichwhich

定语人whose,ofwhomwhose,ofwhom1、语序：whose＋n./the＋n.＋ofwhich/ofwhich＋the＋n.均可；2、要保证是定语从句结构，而非并列句；3、主谓一致；4、fromwhose的使用；物whose,ofwhichwhose,ofwhich

状语时间whenwhen1、状语不可重复；2、先行词为抽象名词situation/case/state等在定语从句中做状语时用where引导（如是occasion做状语，用when引导）；3、a/theway在定语从句中做状语用inwhich/that/×引导；4、介词与关系副词的排斥性；地点wherewhere原因whywhy