2022-2023学年内蒙古呼伦贝尔市满洲里市重点中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版无听力部分）

第第页2022-2023学年内蒙古呼伦贝尔市满洲里市重点中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版，无听力部分）2022—2023年度(下)满市一中期中考试试题

高二英语

第一部分：阅读理解

第一节(共15个小题;每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项。

A

TheOriginsofFamousBrands

Ourlivesarefullofbrandnamesandtrademarkedproductsthatweuseeveryday.Althoughmanybrandnamesaresimpleacronyms(首字母缩略词)orversionsoftheirfounders'names,someofthecompanieswetrusteverydayactuallyhavefascinatingandsurprisingbackstories.

Starbucks

Itseemsfittingthatthemostfamouscoffeebrandintheworldwouldtakeitsnamefromoneoftheworld'sgreatestworksofliterature.TheinspirationforthenameofthecoffeehousecamefromHermanMelville'sMobyDick.Thefounders'originalideawastonamethecompanyaftertheCaptainAhab'sship—Pequot,buttheyeventuallydecidedthatPequotwasn'tagreatnameforcoffee,sotheychoseAhab'sfirstmate,Starbucks,asthenameinstead.

Nike

OriginallyfoundedasadistributorforJapaneserunningshoes,thecompanywasoriginallynamedBRS,orBlueRibbonSports.In1971,BRSintroduceditsownsoccershoe,amodelcalledNike,whichisalsothenamefortheGreekgoddessofvictory.In1978,thecompanyofficiallyrenameditselfasNike,Inc.

Therightnameisessentialtoacompany'ssuccess,andagreatoriginstoryisjustascrucialasagreatproduct.Anattractiveoriginstoryisonemorethingthatkeepscustomersguessing,wondering,andbuyingitsproducts.

Google

GooglewasoriginallycalledBackRub,foritsearchedforlinksineverycorneroftheWeb.In1997,whenthefoundersofthecompanyweresearchingforanewnameshowingahugeamountofdatafortheirrapidlyimprovingsearchtechnology,afriendsuggestedtheword“googol”.Whenafriendtriedtoregisterthenewdomainname,hemisspelled“googol”as“google”.

1.WhatisthenameoftheCaptainAhab'sship

A.MobyDick.B.Starbucks.C.Pequot.D.HermanMelville.

2WhendidtheNikegetitsnameeventually

A.In1971.B.In1978.C.In1997.D.In1987.

3.WhydidthefoundersoftheGooglechangeitsname

A.Theydislikedtheirname.

B.Theywantednewcustomers.

C.Thecompany'soriginalnamewastoolong.

D.Thecompany'ssearchtechnologywasimprovingrapidly.

B

Scientistshavealwaysbeeninterestedinthehighleveloforganizationinantsocieties.Americanresearchershavewatchedantsbuildlife-savingrafts(筏子)tokeepafloatduringflood.Theyalsohaverecordedhowantcolonieschoosetheirnextqueen—thefemalewhosejobistoproduceeggs.

Newtechnologyishelpingtoimproveresearchers’understandingoftheinsects.Butthereisstillalottobelearned.FireantslivinginBrazilianforestsareperfectlyathomeinanenvironmentwherefloodingiscommon.Tosavethemselvestheinsectsconnecttheirlegstogetherandcreatefloatingrafts.Someantraftscanbeupto20centimeterswide.

DavidHuwhoisamechanicalengineerwiththeGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,alsoknownasGeorgiaTech,says,“Ifyouhave100ants,whichmeans600legs,99percentofthoselegswillbeconnectedtoaneighbor.Sothey’revery,verygoodatmaintainingthisnetwork.”

DavidHuandotherGeorgiaTechresearcherswantedtostudyantsandthesecretoftheirengineering.Theyfrozeantraftsandthenlookatthemwiththehelpofcomputedtechnology,orCTimages.Thepicturesshowedthatlargerantsserveincentralpositionstowhichsmallerantsheld.Thelargerantsformpocketsofairthatkeeptheinsectsafloat.Scientistssaysmallrobotsormaterialsthatcanchangeshapecouldbeprogrammedinasimilarway,workingtowardsasharedgoal.ResearchersatNorthCarolinaStateUniversityarealsostudyingants.TheyexaminedhowIndianjumpingantschoosetheleaderofthecolonywhentheylosetheirtopfemaleorqueen.ResearcherClintPenicksaysalltheworkerantsinthecolonyarefemales.Histeamfoundthattheworkerantsstartaseriesofcompetitionsorbattlesandthatsomeworkersbecomephysicallylarger.

4.Thedutyofthequeenantsisto.

A.buildraftsB.keeporganized

C.keepguardD.layeggs

5.Theauthortakesfireantsasanexampletotellus.

A.howantsseekfoodperfectly

B.howantsconnecttheirlegstogether

C.howantscommunicatewitheachother

D.howantssavethemselvesfromfloods

6.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage

A.Antsknowthewaytoformaharmonioussociety.

B.TheGeorgiaTechresearchersfirstdiscoveredIndianjumpingants.

C.Smallandshape-changeablethingsmightworkjustlikeantsdo.

D.Alltheworkerantsinthecolonyarephysicallylarger.

7.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage

A.Ants’AbilitytoOrganizeB.Ants’LivingEnvironment

C.TheLife-savingRaftsofantsD.TheElectionoftheQueenAnt

C

Morethan2.25billioncupsofcoffeeareconsumedacrosstheglobeeachday,andit’slikelythatmanytastebitter.

Now,anewstudysuggeststhatcoffeefanscanmaketheirdrinktastesweeterbysimplyswappingthecoloroftheircoffeecups.

ScientistsfromFederationUniversityAustraliaandtheUniversityofOxfordclaimthatblueandglasscups,whicharepopularinsomecoffeeshops,reduceacoffee’sbitterness,withoutanyneedforsugarandthatcoffeedrunkfromwhitecupstastesbitterest.

Toprovetheirclaims,theresearchersinvited36volunteersandusedthreedifferentcoloredcups-blue,whiteandtransparentglasstodoexperiments.

Intheexperiment,coffeeconsumedfromthewhitecupwasfoundtotastelesssweetwhencomparedtotheothertwocoloredcups,whilethebluecupmadethecoffeetastethesweetest.

Thescientistsbelievethatthecolorbrownmaybeassociatedwithcoffee’sbitternessbecausecoffeeinawhitecupappearsthebrownestandtastesbitterest.

“Ourstudyclearlyshowsthatthecolorofacoffeecupdoesinfluencetheperceivedtasteandflavorofcoffee,”saidtheleadauthorDrGeorgeDoornofFederationUniversityAustralia,“butthepotentialeffectsmaybedifferentbetweenaone-timepurchaseandareturncustomer.”

“Anyhow,theeffectofthecup’scolorontheflavorofthecoffeesuggeststhatcaféowners,baristas(咖啡师),aswellascoffeecupproducersshouldcarefullyconsiderthecoloroftheircups,”headded.

However,theideathatcolorcanchangethetasteoffoodanddrinkisnotnew.Astudypublishedlastyeartoldusthatred,strawberry-flavoredmousse(慕斯蛋糕)servedonawhiteplatewas10percentsweeterand15percentmoreflavorfulthanthesamefoodpresentedonablackplate.

8.Whatcolorofthecupcanbestreducecoffee’sbitternesswithoutaddingsugar

A.Blue.B.Brown.C.White.D.Transparent.

9.Thescientistsused______todotheexperimenttoprovetheirclaims.

①differentbrandsofcoffee

②different-coloredcoffeecups

③severalvolunteers

④severalmanufacturers

A.①②B.②③C.②④D.③④

10.Whydoescoffeeinwhitecupstastetheleastsweet

A.Becausewhitecupsarenotasbeautifulasothercups.

B.Becausewhitecupsarebetterusedtoservecakes.

C.Becausewhitecupsreducethesugarinthem.

D.Becausewhitecupsmakecoffeeappearthebrownest.

11.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE

ABlackplatesincreasethesweetnessoffoodanddrink.

B.Strawberry-flavoredmousseis10percentsweeterthancoffee.

C.Peoplecanmakecoffeetastesweeterbychangingthecoloroftheircoffeecups.

D.Theideathatcolorcanchangethetasteoffoodanddrinkisabsolutelynew.

D

Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson'sneeds.

ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.

Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.

Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.

12.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations

A.Itimpliesanger.

B.Itpromotesfriendship.

C.Itisculture-specific.

D.Itiscontent-based.

13.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought

A.TheChinese.

B.TheFrench.

C.TheMexicans.

D.TheRussians.

14.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence

A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.

B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.

C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.

D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.

15.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext

A.SoundandSilence

B.WhatItMeanstoBeSilent

C.SilencetoNativeAmericans

D.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold

第二节七选五(共5个小题;每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余项。

Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheldwhensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.Thepersonwhoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowstheparty.Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.___16___Anditisgoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefulpresents.

___17___Somepeopleregisteralistofthingstheywantorneedfortheirnewhomeatalocalstores.Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentoolslikeknivesandthingslikecurtains.Evenifthereisn’taregistry,agoodhousewarminggiftissomethingtodecoratethenewhousewith,likeapieceofartoraplant.

___18___Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn’talotoffoodserved.Thereareusuallynoplannedactivitieslikegamesatahousewarmingparty.Thehostorhostessofthepartywill,however,probablygivealltheguestsatouroftheirnewhome.Sometimes,becauseahousewarmingpartyhappensshortlyafterapersonmovesintotheirnewhome,peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes.___19___

Housewarmingpartiesgettheirnamefromthefactthatalongtimeagopeoplewouldactuallybringfirewoodtoanewhomeasagift.___20___Nowmosthomeshavecentralheatinganddon’tusefirestokeepwarm.

A.Thisisn’tusualthough.

B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.

C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.

D.Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.

E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.

F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.

G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.

第二部分:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)

Sinceourtwinsbeganlearningtowalk,mywifeandIhavekepttellingthemthatourslidingglassdoorisjustawindow.The___21___isobvious.Ifwe___22___itisadoor,they’llwanttogooutside___23___Itwilldriveuscrazy.Thekidsobviouslyknowthe___24___Butourinsistingit’s___25___awindowhaskeptthemfrom___26___millionsofrequeststoopenthedoor.

Ihatelyingtothekids.Onedaythey’ll___27___anddiscoverthateverythingthey’vealwaysknownaboutwindowsisa___28___Iwonderif___29___shouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe___30___Ihaveaverystrong___31___thattheliewe’retellingisdoing___32___damagetoourchildren.Windowsanddoorshave___33___metaphorical(比喻)meanings.I’mtellingthemtheycan’topenwhattheyabsolutelyknowisadoor.Whatiflaterin___34___theycometoametaphoricaldoor,likeanopportunityofsomekind,and___35___openingthedoorandtakingtheopportunity,theyjust___36___itandwonder,“Whatifitisn’tadoor”Thatis,“Whatifitisn’ta___37___opportunity”

Maybeit’sanunreasonablefear.Butthe___38___isthatIshouldn’tlietomykids.Ishouldjust___39___repeatedlyhavingtosay,“No.Wecan’tgooutsidenow.”Thenwhentheycometootherdoorsinlife,andwhethertheyarerealormetaphorical,theywon’t___40___toopenthemandwalkthrough.

21.A.reliefB.targetC.reasonD.case

22.A.admitB.believeC.meanD.realize

23.A.graduallyB.constantlyC.temporarilyD.safely

24.A.resultB.dangerC.methodD.truth

25.A.merelyB.slightlyC.hardlyD.partly

26.A.reviewingB.approvingC.receivingD.attempting

27.A.comeacrossB.giveupC.wakeupD.standout

28.A.dreamB.lieC.fantasyD.fact

29.A.parentsB.twinsC.colleaguesD.teachers

30.A.instructionsB.explanationsC.differencesD.consequences

31.A.demandB.fearC.desireD.doubt

32.A.physicalB.biologicalC.spiritualD.educational

33.A.seriousB.importantC.doubleD.original

34.A.lifeB.timeC.replyD.history

35.A.incaseofB.inadditiontoC.duetoD.insteadof

36.A.fitinB.stareatC.knockonD.makeuseof

37A.realB.typicalC.similarD.limited

38.A.safetyruleB.comfortzoneC.bottomlineD.topsecret

39.A.delayB.regretC.enjoyD.accept

40.A.hurryB.decideC.hesitateD.intend

第三部分:语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)

语法填空

Themouseisaneffectivedeviceusedbypeopletocommunicatewithacomputer.Mostpeoplefind___41___almostimpossibletooperateacomputerwithoutamouse.First,amouseisreallyhandy,flexibleandconvenient.Onlybysimply___42___(click)canwecompletealotofoperations.Second,thefunctions___43___inserting,movingandcopyingenableustoedittexts,browsewebpagesanddownload___44___wewant.Usingittoemailpeople,shoponlineandchatwithfriendsisfast.Besides,itcanhelpusenjoyallkindsof___45___(entertain)likemusic,moviesandgames.

Everycoinhasitstwosides.Asaconvenienttool,themousecanmakeourworkmuch___46___(easy).However,usingittoomuchcanalsobenegative.Foronething,wemaylackforthinkingwithsomuchreadyinformation___47___(appear)infrontofus.Thereadyanswersmaymakeuslazyand___48___(will)tocreatenewthings.For___49___,usingthemousefortoolongwillhurtourwrists.Sowehadbetteruseit____50____(proper).

第四部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节:短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分l0分)

51.短文改错

Beingagoodlistenercannotonlyhelpsomeonesolvemuchoflife’sproblemsbutalsoimproveshiswayofdealingwithmatters.Therewasatimewhilemisunderstandingoccurredtobetweenmyfriendandme,andwequarreledterriblyatthattime.Forthesakeofourfriendship,Itookgreatcouragetomakeanexplanationtohim.Butasaresult,themoreIexplained,theangryheseemed.Iwasingreatdespair.Quarrelingwithhimagainoneday,IsuddenlyrealizedthatIshouldbegoodlistenersothathecouldtellmehowwasinhismind.Strangeenough,itdoeswork.Misunderstandingbetweenuswasremovingandwebecamegoodfriendsagain.

第二节：书面表达(满分25分)

52.你李华，两周前你从网上购买了一套书虫系列读物（BookwormSeries）昨天才到货，且包装破损，数量不足。请就此向网店客服写邮件投诉。要点如下：

1.介绍购物情况

2.反映存在问题

3.提出解决方案

注意：

1.词数100词左右

2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯

3.开头结尾已给出，不计入总词

可能用到的生词：投诉complaintn.

Towhomitmayconcern,

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Sincerely,

LiHua2022—2023年度(下)满市一中期中考试试题

高二英语

第一部分：阅读理解

第一节(共15个小题;每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项。

A

TheOriginsofFamousBrands

Ourlivesarefullofbrandnamesandtrademarkedproductsthatweuseeveryday.Althoughmanybrandnamesaresimpleacronyms(首字母缩略词)orversionsoftheirfounders'names,someofthecompanieswetrusteverydayactuallyhavefascinatingandsurprisingbackstories.

Starbucks

Itseemsfittingthatthemostfamouscoffeebrandintheworldwouldtakeitsnamefromoneoftheworld'sgreatestworksofliterature.TheinspirationforthenameofthecoffeehousecamefromHermanMelville'sMobyDick.Thefounders'originalideawastonamethecompanyaftertheCaptainAhab'sship—Pequot,buttheyeventuallydecidedthatPequotwasn'tagreatnameforcoffee,sotheychoseAhab'sfirstmate,Starbucks,asthenameinstead.

Nike

OriginallyfoundedasadistributorforJapaneserunningshoes,thecompanywasoriginallynamedBRS,orBlueRibbonSports.In1971,BRSintroduceditsownsoccershoe,amodelcalledNike,whichisalsothenamefortheGreekgoddessofvictory.In1978,thecompanyofficiallyrenameditselfasNike,Inc.

Therightnameisessentialtoacompany'ssuccess,andagreatoriginstoryisjustascrucialasagreatproduct.Anattractiveoriginstoryisonemorethingthatkeepscustomersguessing,wondering,andbuyingitsproducts.

Google

GooglewasoriginallycalledBackRub,foritsearchedforlinksineverycorneroftheWeb.In1997,whenthefoundersofthecompanyweresearchingforanewnameshowingahugeamountofdatafortheirrapidlyimprovingsearchtechnology,afriendsuggestedtheword“googol”.Whenafriendtriedtoregisterthenewdomainname,hemisspelled“googol”as“google”.

1.WhatisthenameoftheCaptainAhab'sship

A.MobyDick.B.Starbucks.C.Pequot.D.HermanMelville.

2.WhendidtheNikegetitsnameeventually

A.In1971.B.In1978.C.In1997.D.In1987.

3.WhydidthefoundersoftheGooglechangeitsname

A.Theydislikedtheirname.

B.Theywantednewcustomers.

C.Thecompany'soriginalnamewastoolong.

D.Thecompany'ssearchtechnologywasimprovingrapidly.

【答案】1.C2.B3.D

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种世界著名品牌的名字来源。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段Starbucks中的最后一句Thefounders'originalideawastonamethecompanyaftertheCaptainAhab'sship—Pequot,可知，创始人最初的想法是用亚哈船长的船命名公司——Pequot。由此可知，theCaptainAhab船的名字是Pequot。故选C。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段Nike中的最后一句In1978,thecompanyofficiallyrenameditselfasNike,Inc.可知，在1978年，该公司最终改名为Nike。故选B。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段Google中的fortheirrapidlyimprovingsearchtechnology,afriendsuggestedtheword“googol”.可知，谷歌创始人之所以改名是因为它迅速提高的搜索技术。故选D。

B

Scientistshavealwaysbeeninterestedinthehighleveloforganizationinantsocieties.Americanresearchershavewatchedantsbuildlife-savingrafts(筏子)tokeepafloatduringflood.Theyalsohaverecordedhowantcolonieschoosetheirnextqueen—thefemalewhosejobistoproduceeggs.

Newtechnologyishelpingtoimproveresearchers’understandingoftheinsects.Butthereisstillalottobelearned.FireantslivinginBrazilianforestsareperfectlyathomeinanenvironmentwherefloodingiscommon.Tosavethemselves,theinsectsconnecttheirlegstogetherandcreatefloatingrafts.Someantraftscanbeupto20centimeterswide.

DavidHuwhoisamechanicalengineerwiththeGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,alsoknownasGeorgiaTech,says,“Ifyouhave100ants,whichmeans600legs,99percentofthoselegswillbeconnectedtoaneighbor.Sothey’revery,verygoodatmaintainingthisnetwork.”

DavidHuandotherGeorgiaTechresearcherswantedtostudyantsandthesecretoftheirengineering.Theyfrozeantraftsandthenlookatthemwiththehelpofcomputedtechnology,orCTimages.Thepicturesshowedthatlargerantsserveincentralpositionstowhichsmallerantsheld.Thelargerantsformpocketsofairthatkeeptheinsectsafloat.Scientistssaysmallrobotsormaterialsthatcanchangeshapecouldbeprogrammedinasimilarway,workingtowardsasharedgoal.ResearchersatNorthCarolinaStateUniversityarealsostudyingants.TheyexaminedhowIndianjumpingantschoosetheleaderofthecolonywhentheylosetheirtopfemaleorqueen.ResearcherClintPenicksaysalltheworkerantsinthecolonyarefemales.Histeamfoundthattheworkerantsstartaseriesofcompetitionsorbattlesandthatsomeworkersbecomephysicallylarger.

4.Thedutyofthequeenantsisto.

A.buildraftsB.keeporganized

C.keepguardD.layeggs

5.Theauthortakesfireantsasanexampletotellus.

A.howantsseekfoodperfectly

B.howantsconnecttheirlegstogether

C.howantscommunicatewitheachother

D.howantssavethemselvesfromfloods

6.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage

A.Antsknowthewaytoformaharmonioussociety.

B.TheGeorgiaTechresearchersfirstdiscoveredIndianjumpingants.

C.Smallandshape-changeablethingsmightworkjustlikeantsdo.

D.Alltheworkerantsinthecolonyarephysicallylarger.

7.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage

A.Ants’AbilitytoOrganizeB.Ants’LivingEnvironment

C.TheLife-savingRaftsofantsD.TheElectionoftheQueenAnt

【答案】4.D5.D6.C7.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。蚂蚁是一种强大的生物，有有效的求生技能。科学家对巴西的火蚂蚁进行了研究，发现它们可以结成筏子在洪水里自救，并研究了它们的自救原理。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theyalsohaverecordedhowantcolonieschoosetheirnextqueen-thefemalewhosejobistoproduceeggs.(他们还记录了蚁群如何选择下一个蚁后——负责产卵的雌性蚁后)”可知，蚁后负责产卵，故选D。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段中“FireantslivinginBrazilianforestsareperfectlyathomeinanenvironmentwherefloodingiscommon.Tosavethemselves,theinsectsconnecttheirlegstogetherandcreatefloatingrafts.Someantraftscanbeupto20centimeterswide.(生活在巴西森林里的火蚁在洪水频发的环境中非常自在。为了自救，这些昆虫把它们的腿连在一起，形成了漂浮的木筏。一些蚂蚁筏可以达到20厘米宽)”可知，举火蚁的例子是为了告诉我们蚂蚁如何从洪水中自救，故选D。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Scientistssaysmallrobotsormaterialsthatcanchangeshapecouldbeprogrammedinasimilarway,workingtowardsasharedgoal.”（科学家们表示，小型机器人或可以改变形状的材料可以以类似的方式编程，朝着共同的目标努力）可知，蚂蚁的行为给科学家启示，可以用蚂蚁自救类似的方法把一些微型机器人或其他一些可以改变形状的材料组合在一起，一起去完成一个共同的目标，故选C。

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Scientistshavealwaysbeeninterestedinthehighleveloforganizationinantsocieties.(科学家们一直对蚂蚁社会的高度组织性感兴趣)”可知，文章主要讲科学家们一直对蚂蚁社会的高度组织性感兴趣，通过观察和研究蚂蚁的行为得到了很多启发，故A项“蚂蚁的组织能力”为最佳标题，故选A。

C

Morethan2.25billioncupsofcoffeeareconsumedacrosstheglobeeachday,andit’slikelythatmanytastebitter.

Now,anewstudysuggeststhatcoffeefanscanmaketheirdrinktastesweeterbysimplyswappingthecoloroftheircoffeecups.

ScientistsfromFederationUniversityAustraliaandtheUniversityofOxfordclaimthatblueandglasscups,whicharepopularinsomecoffeeshops,reduceacoffee’sbitterness,withoutanyneedforsugarandthatcoffeedrunkfromwhitecupstastesbitterest.

Toprovetheirclaims,theresearchersinvited36volunteersandusedthreedifferentcoloredcups-blue,whiteandtransparentglasstodoexperiments.

Intheexperiment,coffeeconsumedfromthewhitecupwasfoundtotastelesssweetwhencomparedtotheothertwocoloredcups,whilethebluecupmadethecoffeetastethesweetest.

Thescientistsbelievethatthecolorbrownmaybeassociatedwithcoffee’sbitternessbecausecoffeeinawhitecupappearsthebrownestandtastesbitterest.

“Ourstudyclearlyshowsthatthecolorofacoffeecupdoesinfluencetheperceivedtasteandflavorofcoffee,”saidtheleadauthorDrGeorgeDoornofFederationUniversityAustralia,“butthepotentialeffectsmaybedifferentbetweenaone-timepurchaseandareturncustomer.”

“Anyhow,theeffectofthecup’scolorontheflavorofthecoffeesuggeststhatcaféowners,baristas(咖啡师),aswellascoffeecupproducersshouldcarefullyconsiderthecoloroftheircups,”headded.

However,theideathatcolorcanchangethetasteoffoodanddrinkisnotnew.Astudypublishedlastyeartoldusthatred,strawberry-flavoredmousse(慕斯蛋糕)servedonawhiteplatewas10percentsweeterand15percentmoreflavorfulthanthesamefoodpresentedonablackplate.

8.Whatcolorofthecupcanbestreducecoffee’sbitternesswithoutaddingsugar

A.Blue.B.Brown.C.White.D.Transparent.

9.Thescientistsused______todotheexperimenttoprovetheirclaims.

①differentbrandsofcoffee

②different-coloredcoffeecups

③severalvolunteers

④severalmanufacturers

A.①②B.②③C.②④D.③④

10.Whydoescoffeeinwhitecupstastetheleastsweet

A.Becausewhitecupsarenotasbeautifulasothercups.

B.Becausewhitecupsarebetterusedtoservecakes.

C.Becausewhitecupsreducethesugarinthem.

D.Becausewhitecupsmakecoffeeappearthebrownest.

11.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE

A.Blackplatesincreasethesweetnessoffoodanddrink.

B.Strawberry-flavoredmousseis10percentsweeterthancoffee.

C.Peoplecanmakecoffeetastesweeterbychangingthecoloroftheircoffeecups.

D.Theideathatcolorcanchangethetasteoffoodanddrinkisabsolutelynew.

【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是说明文。一项新的研究表明，咖啡爱好者可以通过简单地更换咖啡杯的颜色来使他们的饮料尝起来更甜。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段“ScientistsfromFederationUniversityAustraliaandtheUniversityofOxfordclaimthatblueandglasscups,whicharepopularinsomecoffeeshops,reduceacoffee’sbitterness,withoutanyneedforsugarandthatcoffeedrunkfromwhitecupstastesbitterest.(来自柏拉瑞特大学和牛津大学的科学家声称，在一些咖啡店很流行的蓝色和玻璃杯可以减少咖啡的苦味，不需要任何糖，而且用白色杯子喝的咖啡味道最苦。”和第五段“Intheexperiment,coffeeconsumedfromthewhitecupwasfoundtotastelesssweetwhencomparedtotheothertwocoloredcups,whilethebluecupmadethecoffeetastethesweetest.(在实验中，与其他两种颜色的杯子相比，白色杯子中的咖啡尝起来不那么甜，而蓝色杯子中的咖啡尝起来最甜)”可知，蓝色颜色的杯子可以在不加糖的情况下最好地减轻咖啡的苦味，故选A。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段“Toprovetheirclaims,theresearchersinvited36volunteersandusedthreedifferentcoloredcups-blue,whiteandtransparentglasstodoexperiments.(为了证明他们的说法，研究人员邀请了36名志愿者，并用三种不同颜色的杯子——蓝色、白色和透明玻璃杯进行实验)”可知