2022-2023学年吉林省长春市第五重点中学高一下学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版无听力音频无听力原文）

第第页2022-2023学年吉林省长春市第五重点中学高一下学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版，无听力音频无听力原文）2023—2024学年度高一年级下学期

期末考试

英语学科试题

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whichofthefollowingdoesthewomanadvisethemantobuy

A.Atoybear.B.AbookC.Atelescope.

2.Whobrokethepen

A.ThemanB.Thewoman.C.Theman’smother.

3.Whenarethespeakersgoingtoleave

A.At2:45.B.At3:15.C.At3:45.

4.WheredidLucyprobablygojustnow

A.Tothebookstore.B.Tothepostoffice.C.Tothesupermarket

5.Howdoesthemanwanttotravel

A.Bycar.B.Bytrain.C.Byplane.

第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatisthespeakers’attitudetowardstakingthebus

A.Unconcerned.B.Negative.C.Understanding.

7.Whatwillthespeakersdonext

A.Rideabicycle.B.Holdaparty.C.Waitforanotherbus.

听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

8.Whatdidthemandoaweekago

A.Hebegantowritehisessay.

B.Hewenttoaclubmeeting.

C.Hehandedinhisphysicalpaper.

9.Whatisthewoman’sEnglishessayabout

A.Atypicalforeignschool.

B.Atypicalforeignschoolday.

C.Awriterinanothercountry.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.WhatdoesJackoffertodoforMary

A.Showheraroundtheneighborhood.

B.HelpherimproveherEnglish.

C.Introducehertohisneighbors.

11.WhatdoesMaryplantodoonThursday

A.Lookforaflat.B.Meetafriend.C.Decorateagarden.

12.WhatwillJack’sneighborsprepareforthegathering

A.Somecoffee.B.Acake.C.Someflowers.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers

A.Strangers.B.Relatives.C.Roommates.

14.Wheredidthemangettheinformationabouttheflat

A.Ontheblackboard.B.OntheInternet.C.Inthenewspaper

15.Howmanybedroomsarethereintheflat

A.One.B.Three.C.Two.

16Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo

A.Paytherentfirst.B.Gotoseetheflat.C.Callherthisafternoon

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout

A.Hishobbies.B.Hisschooldailyroutine.C.Hisweekendplan.

18.Howlongdomorningclassestake

A.4.5hoursB.4hours.C.3.5hours.

19.Whatkindofsportdoesthespeakerliketoplayafterclass

A.Tabletennis.B.Football.C.Basketball.

20.Whatdoesthespeakerusuallydobetween10:00pmand10:30pm

A.Hetakesabath.B.Hedoeshishomework.C.Helistenstomusic.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

BikeRental&GuidedTours

WelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.

WhyMacBike

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.

Prices

HandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears

1hour?7.50?5.00

3hours?11.00?7.50

1day(24hours)?14.75?9.75

Eachadditionalday?8.00?6.00

GuidedCityTours

The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.

1.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike

A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.

C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.

2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays

A.?15.75.B.?19.50.C.?22.75.D.?29.50.

3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

B

AteamofresearchersatETHZurichhastheperfectlong-lastingsolutiontoourfogproblem.Theyhavedevelopedaverythinandgold-basedtransparentcoating(涂层)thatcanconvertsunlightintoheat,whichcanbeappliedtoglassandothersurfacestopreventthemfromfogging.

Thespecialcoatingisdevelopedusingtitaniumoxideandgoldparticles.Itselectivelyabsorbsinfraredradiations(红外线照射)fromthesunlightandcreatesaheatingeffectthatispowerfulenoughtokeepfogawayfromthesurfaceofanobject.Thecoatingbasicallyemploysheattostopfogging.Thecoatingabsorbsalargepartoftheinfraredradiation,whichcausesittoheatup-byupto8℃.

Previously,productslikeanti-foggingsprayscreateaverythinfilmofwateronthesurfacetoremovefog.Theproblemwithsuchsurfacesispollution.Alongwithwater,thespraysalsoattractdirt,dust,oil,andvariousotherdirtysubstances,andjustalittledirtonthesurfacemakesituseless.However,thenewcoatingrepels(排斥)water.Furthermore,thecoatingissignificantlythinner,whichmakesitmoretransparentaswellasflexible.Itisheatedpassivelyandrequires,duringdaytime,noadditionalenergysource.

Goldmightbeexpensive,buttheresearchersstressthattheircoatingrequiressolittlethatthematerialcostsremainlow.Theircoatingisproducedwithstandardizedandreadilyscalablemethods,allcost-effectively.However,althoughthisproductcanworkatverylowlevelsofsolarirradiation,itdoesrelyonacertainamountoflight.

Theresearcherswilldevelopthecoatingfurtherforotherapplications.Intheprocess,theywillexaminewhetherothermetalsworkjustaswellasgold.Thereisnoneedtofear.However,thiswouldcauseacarorabuildingtoheatupmoreinthesummer.Theresearchershavealreadyfiledapatent.Hopefully,thisgroundbreakingproductwillsoonbeavailableonthemarket.

4Howdoesthenewcoatingworktoremovefog

A.Byreflectingpartofsunlightselectively.

B.Bykeepingcoolairawayfromtheobject.

C.Bycreatingathinfilmofwateronthesurface.

D.Byabsorbinginfraredradiationstoheatthecoating.

5.Whydoestheauthormentionpreviousanti-foggingproducts

A.Tostresstheadvantagesofthenewcoating.

B.Tointroducetheinspirationbehindthenewcoating.

C.Toprovethedifficultyofcreatinganti-foggingproducts.

DToexplainthereasonfortheanti-foggingcoatingbeingpopular.

6.Whatisthelimitationofthenewcoating

A.Itisconsiderablyexpensive.

B.Itdependsonsunlighttowork.

C.Ittakestoomuchtimetoproduce.

D.Itisdifficulttocleanandmaintain.

7.Whatdotheresearchersplantodonext

A.Applyforapatentfortheinvention.

B.Developtheproductformorepracticaluses.

C.Exploretheenvironmentalimpactofthecoating.

D.Seekacheapermaterialasanalternativetogold.

C

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2023inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.

8.Whatisthebookaimedat

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.

10Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.

11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.

D

ChildrenwhospendmoretimeplayingadventurouslyhavelowersymptomsofanxietyanddepressionandwerehappieroverthefirstCovid-19lockdown,accordingtoanewstudyledbytheUniversityofExeter.Today’schildrenhavefeweropportunitiesforadventurousplay,suchasclimbingtrees,ridingbikes,orjumpingfromhighsurfaces.Thestudysoughttotesttheoriesthatadventurousplayofferslearningopportunitiesthathelpbuildresilience(适应力)inchildren,therebyhelpingtopreventmentalhealthproblems.

Theresearchteamsurveyednearly2500parentsofchildrenaged5-11years.Parentscompletedquestionsabouttheirchild’splaytheirgeneralmentalhealthpre-CovidandtheirmoodduringthefirstCovid-19lockdown.

Researchersfoundthatchildrenwhospentmoretimeplayingoutsidehadfewer“internalizingproblems,”characterizedasanxietyanddepression.Thosechildrenwerealsomorepositiveduringthefirstlockdown.Resultswereconsistentevenafterresearchersfactoredinawiderangeofdemographicvariables(人口统计学变量)includingchildsex,age,parentemploymentstatusandparentmentalhealth.Theyalsofoundthattheeffectwasclearinchildrenfromlowerincomefamiliesthanthosegrowingupinhigherincomehomes.

“Thisispositivebecauseplayisfree,natural,andrewardingforchildren,availabletoeveryone,anddoesn’trequirespecialskills.Wenowurgentlyneedtoinvestinandprotectnaturalspaces,well-designedparks,andadventureplaygrounds,tosupportthementalhealthofourchildren,”HelenDodd,wholedthestudy,said.

“Therewardsofallowingchildrentoself-regulateandmanagechallengeintheirplayarewidespreadandfar-reaching.Adventurousplayhelpschildrentobuildtheresilienceneededtodealwith,andmanagestressinchallengingsituations,”saidJacquelineO’Loughlin,ChiefExecutiveofPlayBoardNI.“Childrenandyoungpeopleneedfreedomandopportunitiestoencounterchallengeandriskintheireverydayplayfuladventures.”

12.Whatdoesthenewstudyfocuson

A.Theinfluenceofadventurousplayonchildren.

B.Children’ssocialneedsduringtheCovid-19lockdown.

C.Waysofimprovingchildren’sresilience.

D.Symptomsofanxietyanddepressioninchildren.

13.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout

A.Thesignificanceoftheresearch.B.Theprocessoftheresearch.

C.Thelimitationsoftheresearch.D.Theresultsoftheresearch.

14.WhatdoesHelenDoddadvisepeopletodo

A.Allowchildrentousenaturalspacesforfree.

B.Rewardchildrenforattendingadventurousplay.

C.Createopportunitiesforchildrentoadventure.

D.Encouragechildrentolearnspecialskillsforadventures.

15.WhatisO’Loughlin’sattitudetowardsadventurousplay

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.

第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

TricksToBecomingAPatientPerson

Here’sariddle:Whatdotrafficjams,longlinesandwaitingforavacationtostartallhaveincommonThereisoneanswer.___16___.

IntheDigitalAge,we’reusedtohavingwhatweneedimmediatelyandrightatourfingertips.However,researchsuggeststhatifwepracticedpatience,we’dbeawholelotbetteroff.Hereareseveraltricks.

●Practicegratitude(感激)

Thankfulnesshasalotofbenefits:Researchshowsitmakesushappier,lessstressedandevenmoreoptimistic.___17___.“Showingthankfulnesscanfosterself-control,”saidYeLi,researcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.

●Makeyourselfwait

Instantgratification(满足)mayseemlikethemost“feelgood”optionatthetime,butpsychologyresearchsuggestswaitingforthingsactuallymakesushappierinthelongrun.Andtheonlywayforustogetintothehabitofwaitingistopractice.___18___.Putoffwatchingyourfavoriteshowuntiltheweekendorwait10extraminutesbeforegoingforthatcake.You’llsoonfindthatthemorepatienceyoupractice,themoreyoustarttoapplyittoother,moreannoyingsituations.

●___19___.

Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself,“___20___.”You’llthengraduallybecomemorepatient.

A.Findyourcauses

B.Startwithsmalltasks

C.Accepttheuncomfortable

D.Allthisaddsuptoastateofhurry

E.Itcanalsohelpuspracticemorepatience

F.Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerable

G.They’reallsituationswherewecouldusealittleextrapatience

第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分25分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave____21____thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her____22____camebecauseshewascarryinga____23____acrossthefinishline.

Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher____24____whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She____25____tohelpherfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith____26____.Shecouldn’t.Baileythen____27____toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget____28____attention.

Oncethere,Lenouewas____29____andlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme_____30_____tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey’shelp.

AsforBailey,sheismore_____31_____aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig_____32_____.“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn’t_____33_____her,”Baileytoldthereporter.“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing.”

Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe_____34_____,they’vesincebecomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe_____35_____ofhumankindnesswontheday.

21.A.designedB.followedC.changedD.finished

22.A.delayB.chanceC.troubleD.excuse

23.A.judgeB.volunteerC.classmateD.competitor

24.A.raceB.schoolC.townD.training

25.A.agreedB.returnedC.stoppedD.promised

26.A.courageB.aidC.patienceD.advice

27.A.wentawayB.stoodupC.steppedasideD.bentdown

28.A.medicalB.publicC.constantD.equal

29.A.interruptedB.assessedC.identifiedD.appreciated

30.A.hungerB.painC.coldD.tiredness

31.A.worriedB.ashamedC.confusedD.discouraged

32.A.gameB.problemC.lessonD.deal

33.A.leaveB.cureC.botherD.understand

34.A.rideB.testC.meetD.show

35.A.secretB.displayC.benefitD.exchange

第二节(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

36.ChinahassentChang’e4toexplorethesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoontomakemeasurementsand_______(observe).(所给词的适当形式填空)

37.Inclosing,exploringspaceprovidestheworld_______manydifferentbenefits.(用适当的词填空)

38.Anditwastheship_______broughtyoutoEngland.(用适当的词填空)

39.Youwouldhavetowaitalongtimetoget_______(pay).(所给词的适当形式填空)

40.Hewasselected________(attend)pilottraining.(所给词的适当形式填空)

41.Astronautshadtobeshorterthan172cmin_______.(high)(所给词的适当形式填空)

42.Youmustbeintelligenttogeta________(relate)collegedegree.(所给词的适当形式填空)

43.Thedesire________(explore)theuniverseneverdied.(所给词的适当形式填空)

44.Aftercarefulanalysis,thescientistscanprovideuseful_________(recommend)andsuggestionsforfarmers.(所给词的适当形式填空)

45.Ifoundmyself________(carry)outtoseabyastrongwind.(所给词的适当形式填空）

第四部分写作(满分25分)

46.随着世界太空技术的发展，人类的太空梦不再是梦。但是也有人觉得耗费大量的人力和财力来研究和开发太空资源不切实际，不如将这些人力和财力用来着重解决人类当前面临的重大问题，改善地球的生存环境。对此，你有何看法？以“Developingspacetechnology,worthwhileornot”为题写一篇80词左右的短文。

Developingspacetechnology,worthwhileornot

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

听力：1-20CCABCBABBCBCABCBBCCC2023—2024学年度高一年级下学期

期末考试

英语学科试题

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whichofthefollowingdoesthewomanadvisethemantobuy

A.Atoybear.B.AbookC.Atelescope.

2.Whobrokethepen

A.ThemanB.Thewoman.C.Theman’smother.

3.Whenarethespeakersgoingtoleave

A.At2:45.B.At3:15.C.At3:45.

4.WheredidLucyprobablygojustnow

A.Tothebookstore.B.Tothepostoffice.C.Tothesupermarket

5.Howdoesthemanwanttotravel

A.Bycar.B.Bytrain.C.Byplane.

第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatisthespeakers’attitudetowardstakingthebus

A.Unconcerned.B.Negative.C.Understanding.

7.Whatwillthespeakersdonext

A.Rideabicycle.B.Holdaparty.C.Waitforanotherbus.

听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

8.Whatdidthemandoaweekago

A.Hebegantowritehisessay.

B.Hewenttoaclubmeeting.

C.Hehandedinhisphysicalpaper.

9.Whatisthewoman’sEnglishessayabout

A.Atypicalforeignschool.

B.Atypicalforeignschoolday.

C.Awriterinanothercountry.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.WhatdoesJackoffertodoforMary

A.Showheraroundtheneighborhood.

B.HelpherimproveherEnglish.

CIntroducehertohisneighbors.

11WhatdoesMaryplantodoonThursday

A.Lookforaflat.B.Meetafriend.C.Decorateagarden.

12.WhatwillJack’sneighborsprepareforthegathering

A.Somecoffee.B.Acake.C.Someflowers.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers

A.Strangers.B.Relatives.C.Roommates.

14.Wheredidthemangettheinformationabouttheflat

AOntheblackboard.B.OntheInternet.C.Inthenewspaper

15.Howmanybedroomsarethereintheflat

A.One.B.Three.C.Two.

16.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo

A.Paytherentfirst.B.Gotoseetheflat.C.Callherthisafternoon

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout

A.Hishobbies.B.Hisschooldailyroutine.C.Hisweekendplan.

18.Howlongdomorningclassestake

A.4.5hoursB.4hours.C.3.5hours.

19.Whatkindofsportdoesthespeakerliketoplayafterclass

A.Tabletennis.B.Football.C.Basketball.

20.Whatdoesthespeakerusuallydobetween10:00pmand10:30pm

A.Hetakesabath.B.Hedoeshishomework.C.Helistenstomusic.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

BikeRental&GuidedTours

WelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.

WhyMacBike

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.

Prices

HandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears

1hour?7.50?5.00

3hours?11.00?7.50

1day(24hours)?14.75?9.75

Eachadditionalday?8.00?6.00

GuidedCityTours

The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.

1.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike

A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.

C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.

2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays

A.?15.75.B.?19.50.C.?22.75.D.?29.50.

3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

【答案】1.B2.C3.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等细节。

【1题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.(我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.(旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。

B

AteamofresearchersatETHZurichhastheperfectlong-lastingsolutiontoourfogproblem.Theyhavedevelopedaverythinandgold-basedtransparentcoating(涂层)thatcanconvertsunlightintoheat,whichcanbeappliedtoglassandothersurfacestopreventthemfromfogging.

Thespecialcoatingisdevelopedusingtitaniumoxideandgoldparticles.Itselectivelyabsorbsinfraredradiations(红外线照射)fromthesunlightandcreatesaheatingeffectthatispowerfulenoughtokeepfogawayfromthesurfaceofanobject.Thecoatingbasicallyemploysheattostopfogging.Thecoatingabsorbsalargepartoftheinfraredradiation,whichcausesittoheatup-byupto8℃.

Previously,productslikeanti-foggingsprayscreateaverythinfilmofwateronthesurfacetoremovefog.Theproblemwithsuchsurfacesispollution.Alongwithwater,thespraysalsoattractdirt,dust,oil,andvariousotherdirtysubstances,andjustalittledirtonthesurfacemakesituseless.However,thenewcoatingrepels(排斥)water.Furthermore,thecoatingissignificantlythinner,whichmakesitmoretransparentaswellasflexible.Itisheatedpassivelyandrequires,duringdaytime,noadditionalenergysource.

Goldmightbeexpensive,buttheresearchersstressthattheircoatingrequiressolittlethatthematerialcostsremainlow.Theircoatingisproducedwithstandardizedandreadilyscalablemethods,allcost-effectively.However,althoughthisproductcanworkatverylowlevelsofsolarirradiation,itdoesrelyonacertainamountoflight.

Theresearcherswilldevelopthecoatingfurtherforotherapplications.Intheprocess,theywillexaminewhetherothermetalsworkjustaswellasgold.Thereisnoneedtofear.However,thiswouldcauseacarorabuildingtoheatupmoreinthesummer.Theresearchershavealreadyfiledapatent.Hopefully,thisgroundbreakingproductwillsoonbeavailableonthemarket.

4.Howdoesthenewcoatingworktoremovefog

A.Byreflectingpartofsunlightselectively.

B.Bykeepingcoolairawayfromtheobject.

C.Bycreatingathinfilmofwateronthesurface.

D.Byabsorbinginfraredradiationstoheatthecoating.

5.Whydoestheauthormentionpreviousanti-foggingproducts

A.Tostresstheadvantagesofthenewcoating.

B.Tointroducetheinspirationbehindthenewcoating.

C.Toprovethedifficultyofcreatinganti-foggingproducts.

D.Toexplainthereasonfortheanti-foggingcoatingbeingpopular.

6.Whatisthelimitationofthenewcoating

A.Itisconsiderablyexpensive.

B.Itdependsonsunlighttowork.

C.Ittakestoomuchtimetoproduce.

D.Itisdifficulttocleanandmaintain.

7.Whatdotheresearchersplantodonext

A.Applyforapatentfortheinvention.

B.Developtheproductformorepracticaluses.

C.Exploretheenvironmentalimpactofthecoating.

D.Seekacheapermaterialasanalternativetogold.

【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述苏黎世联邦理工学院的一组研究人员找到了解决雾霾问题的完美持久解决方案。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Itselectivelyabsorbsinfraredradiations(红外线照射)fromthesunlightandcreatesaheatingeffectthatispowerfulenoughtokeepfogawayfromthesurfaceofanobject.(它选择性地吸收来自阳光的红外辐射，并产生强大的加热效应，足以使雾远离物体表面。)”可知，新涂层能通过吸收红外线辐射来加热涂层除去雾。故选D项。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Previously,productslikeanti-foggingsprayscreateaverythinfilmofwateronthesurfacetoremovefog.Theproblemwithsuchsurfacesispollution.(以前，像防雾喷雾剂这样的产品会在表面形成一层非常薄的水膜来消除雾。这种表面的问题是污染。)”以及“However,thenewcoatingrepels(排斥)water.Furthermore,thecoatingissignificantlythinner,whichmakesitmoretransparentaswellasflexible.Itisheatedpassivelyandrequires,duringdaytime,noadditionalenergysource.(但是，这种新涂层可以防水。此外，涂层明显更薄，这使得它更透明和灵活。它是被动加热的，在白天不需要额外的能源。)”可知，提到了以前的防雾产品强调新涂层的优点。故选A项