2016xdf考研英语二阅读初阶

2010T1的艺术品市 T2夫妻交T3对于消费习惯的引 2011T1外部董 T2后 报T3二战 住房风格的发展T4欧盟困2012T1家庭作业T2商业对人们颜色观念的影T3是否应该得到专 T4经 的影2013T1技术进步与劳动力关 T2问T3快速反应行 T4欧洲职场中男女比例问2014T1书评－探讨金钱与感之间的关系T3机器人和工作机会的关系大多数非英语考生而言，在阅读外国严肃时，他们的理解程度仅限于读懂文章的大意，细节题a）according题型b）becausec）example题 d）except题主旨题a）mainidea题型b）besttitle含义题 词汇题b）指代 解题思路& 最后，利用正确答案的特征，错误答案的特征，及A,B,C,D,X原则拼人品 TextOfallthechangesthathavetakenceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnest ,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorlirygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,” wrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine„journalism‟as„atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.‟” y,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland‟sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetoIsthereanychancethatCardus‟scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2 artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-cityEnglish-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartshigh-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofyoungreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismonNewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterized themes.casualelaborateradicalWhichofthefollowingwouldShaw mostprobablyagreeItiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticItiscontemptibleforwriterstobeWritersarelikelytobetemptedintoNotallwritersarecapableofjournalisticWhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoHismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreadersHisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeeninHisstylecaterslargelytomodernHiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurWhatwouldbethebesttitlefortheNewspapersoftheGoodOldTheLostHorizoninMournfulDeclineofProminentCriticsin按照标准考试时长用’--背诵原文中所有生词和短语（至少3句 TextWhatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelThesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnew esold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMr.Norton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchases emorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterygetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoptwomonthsayearng,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors‟ideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingAbigAspecialAstylishArich Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshow consumersaresometimespopularityusuallycomesaftermarketingtricksareafterraritygenerallyincreasesAccordingtothelast hasleftmuchroomformayprovetobeaworthwhilehaspredicteda egapinthemaygiveitsreadersasenseofThistextmainlydiscusseshow balancefeelinggoodandspendingspendlargesumsofmoneywoninobtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyemorereasonableinspendingonButit‟sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress- happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren‟tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“theRachel”mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoftoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-cityIwonderif,bywayofsimilarextraordinaryfactsthatIcannotpredict,ImayfeelmoreathomeinEuropethanonmydeeplylovedstretchesoflandintheUnitedStates.Justasattentiontorulesofwrittenusagehelpsustoreadin ligently,soanawarenessofabuseof“youknow”inpublicforumsmakesusbetterlisteners.“Now…this”isaphrasecommonlyusedon evisionnewscaststoindicatethatwhatonehasjustheardorseenhasnorelevancetowhatoneisabouttohearorseeorpossiblytoanythingoneiseverlikelytohearorThefamiliarandreassuringkindsofwritten ationfoundinEuropeansocietiesofequivalentchronologicalperiodsdonotexist,andtheformsoftribal rituals---strikeuniversity-trainedacademicsasinexact,unreliable,and.ThebeliefthatitisharmfultotheBlackcommunityforauthorstoexplorethehumanityofourleaderscanhavetroublingeffects.Thatnineteenth-centuryFrenchnovelistBalzaccouldbefinanciallywiseinhisfictionwhilelosingallhismoneyinlifewasanironyduplicatedinothermatters.Forinstance,theverywomenwhohadbeendrawntohimbythepenetratingintuitionofthefemaleheartthatheshowedinhisnovelswereappalledtodiscoverhowinsensitiveandawkwardtherealmancouldYetVanMeegerenwasexposednotbecauseheceasedtofoolpeople,butbecausehewasdtoprovehimselfaforgerinordertoclearhimselfofthemoreseriouschargeofhavingsoldanationaltreasure2010(TextThelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,BeautifulInsideMyHeadForever,atSotheby‟sinLondononSeptember15th2008.Allbuttwopiecessold,fetchingmorethan￡70m,arecordforasalebyasingle .Itwasalastvictory.Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbankruptcy.Theworldartmarkethadalreadybeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingbewilderinglysince2003.Atitspeakin2007itwasworthsome$65billion,reckonsClareMcAndrew,founderofArtsEconomics,aresearchfirm—doublesthefigurefiveyears Sincethenitmayhavecomedownto$50billion.Butthemarketgeneratesinterestfarbeyonditssizebecauseitbringstogethergreatwealth,enormousegos,greed,passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMr.Hirst‟ssale,spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable.Intheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstayedawayfromgalleriesandsalerooms.Salesofcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds,andinthemostoverheatedsector,theyweredownbynearly90%intheyeartoNovember2008.Withinweekstheworld‟stwobiggestauctionhouses,Sotheby‟sandChristie‟s,hadtopayoutnearly$200minguaranteestoswhohadcedworksforsalewithThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuyingImpressionistsattheendof1989.Thistimeexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage,thoughsomehavebeenfarmorefluctuant.ButEdwardDolman,Christie‟schiefexecutive,says:"I‟mprettyconfidentwe‟reatthesalewasreferredtoas“alastvictory”because 21.在第一段中，DamienHirst作品的被称之为“最后的胜利”，是因为 A.theartmarkethadwitnessedsalewasreferredtoas“alastvictory”because 21.在第一段中，DamienHirst作品的被称之为“最后的胜利”，是因为 A.theartmarkethadwitnessedsuccessionofA.艺术品市场B.theauctioneerfinallygotthetwopiecesthehighestB.C.BeautifulInsideMyHeadForeveroverallC在我心中，美丽永恒”D.itwassuccessfullymadejustbeforeD.它刚好是在世界金融爆发前成worldfinancial22.Bysaying“spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable”(Line1-2，Para.3)，theauthorsuggests 宜”(第三段的1～2行)，作者暗 A.collectorswerenolongerinvolvedinart-marketA.B.peoplestoppedeverykindofandstayedawayfromB.C.artcollectionasafashionhadlostappealtoagreatC.D.worksofartingeneralhadgoneoutfashionsotheywerenotworth23．WhichofthefollowingstatementsNOT23.下列哪项陈述是不正确的A.Salesofcontemporaryartfellfrom2007toA.20072008B.TheartmarketsurpassedmanyindustriesinB.C.TheanmarketgenerallywentinvariousC.D.SomeartdealerswereawaitingchancestoD.有些艺术品商在等待好机会的到来24．ThethreeDsmentionedintheparagraph 24.最后一段提到的3因素 A.auctionA.B.contemporaryB.C.factorspromotingartworkC.D.stylesrepresentingD.25.Themostappropriatetitlefortextcould 25.最适合本文的题目可能 A.FluctuationofArtA.B.Up-to-dateArtB.艺术品拍C.ArtMarketinC.中的艺术品市D.ShiftedInterestinD.对艺术品的转IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom—awomen‟sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheevening,onemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequentlyofferingideasandanecdotes,whilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.Towardtheendoftheevening,Icommentedthatwomenfrequentlycominthattheirhusbandsdon‟ttalktothem.Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid,"She‟sthetalkerinourfamily."Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt."It‟strue,"heexined."WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn‟tkeeptheconversationgoing,we‟dspendthewholeeveninginsilence."ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituations,theyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelateSociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbookDivorceTalkthatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—butonlyafewofthemen—gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percent,thatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedInmyownresearch,comintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertopanyahusbandtohis,or ngfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaning,cookingandsocialarrangements.Instead,theyfocusedoncommunication:"Hedoesn‟tlistentome.""Hedoesn‟ttalktome."Ifound,asHackerobservedyearsbefore,thatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobe,firstandforemost,conversationalpartners,butfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.Inshort,theimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisface,whileawomanglaresatthebackofit,wantingtotalk.26．Whatismostwives‟mainexpectationoftheirhusbands?A.TalkingtoA.B.TrustingB.C.SupportingtheirC.D.SharingD.27.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”(Line3．Para.2)moatprobably 27根据上下文来看，短语“wreakinghavoc” A.generatingA.B.exertingB.C.causingC.D.creatingD.28.Allofthefollowingaretrue.28..A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublicA.往往在公共场合比女人健B.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcescausedbyfailed.C.womenattachmuchimportancecommunicationbetweenC.D.afemaletendstobemoretalkativehomethanherD.29.WhichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthisA.ThemoraldecayingdeservesresearchbyA.道德的沦丧值得社会学家做的研究B.Marriagebreak-upstemsB.破裂源自于不C.HusbandandwifehaveexpectationsfromtheirC.夫妻双方对的期望值不同D.ConversationalpatternsbetweenandwifeareD.和女人的谈话模式是不同的30．Inthefollowingpartimmedia yafterthistext，beauthorwillmostprobablyfocus A.avivid ofthenewDivorceA.B.adetaileddescriptionoftheB.C.otherpossiblereasonsforahighrateintheU.C.离婚率居高不下的其他原D.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHackerD.AndrewHacker的简单介（2010TextOverthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors-habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacksorwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues."Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofahabit,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan‟tfigureouthowtochangepeople‟shabits,"saidDr.Curtis,thedirectoroftheHygieneCenterattheLondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicine. "Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically."ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveUnilever—hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers‟livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.Ifyoulookhardenough,you‟llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday—chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—areresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofshrewdadvertisingandpublichealthns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesa-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn‟tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup."Ourproductssucceedwhenthey epartofdailyorweeklypatterns,"saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thethatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear."Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers‟lives,andit‟sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninglearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughruthlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.31．AccordingtoDr.Curtis，habitslikehandwashingwithsoap 31.根据Curtis博士的观点，用肥皂洗手这 A.shouldbefurtherA.B.shouldbechangedB.C.aredeeplyrootedinC.D.arebasicallyprivateD.32.Bottledwater,chewinggumandmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto A.revealtheirimpactonpeople‟sA.B.showtheurgentneedofdailyB.C.indicatetheireffectonpeople‟sbuyingC.表明它们对人们力的影D.manifestthesignificantroleofD.33．WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople‟shabits?A.A.B.B.C.C.D.D.34．Fromthetextweknowthatsomeofconsumers‟habitsaredevelopeddue . A.perfectedartofA.B.automaticbehaviorB.C.commercialC.促D.scientificD.35．Theauthor‟sattitudetowardhabitsis A.A.B.B.C.C.D.D.(2011年TextRuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs‟boardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000;ayearlatershebecameofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmuchcriticism.Butbytheendof2009Mrs.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman‟scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?ByFebruarythenextyearMrs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonfirm‟sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive‟sproposals.Ifthesky,andtheshareprice,isfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasethatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromone statementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose"surprise"disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfoundthatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthe willsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasesbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumoffasinkingship.Oftenthey"tradeup,"leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreak,evenifareviewofhistoryshowsthattheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongngoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus.wascriticizedfor 原因是 A.gainingexcessiveA.B.failingtofulfillherB.C.refusingtomakeC.妥D.leavingtheboardintoughD.在22．WelearnfromParagraph2thatdirectorsaresupposedto 22. A.generousA.的投资B.unbiasedB.C.sharepriceC.D.independentD.23．AccordingtotheresearchersfromOhiodeparture，thefinislikely 。 emoreA.B.reportincreasedB.C.dolesswellinthestockC.在表现更D.performworseinD.在中表现更24．Itcanbeinferredfromtheparagraphthatoutside 。A.maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromA.可能会由于的条件而留在公B.haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongngstheB.C. intheC.D.willdeclineincentivesfromtheD.25．Theauthor‟sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis A.A.B.B.C.C.D.D.(2011年TextWhateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspapers?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America‟sFederalTradeCommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldthey echaritablecorporations?Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.Inmuchoftheworldthereislittlesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcorneroftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2007.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.Newspapersare ingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmore26．26．Bysaying“Newspaperslike…theirowndoom”(line3～4，Para.1)，theindicatesthatnewspapers 26．作者说“Newspaperslike…theirowndoom”是为了表纸 A.neglectedthesignofA.B.failedtogetstateB.C.werenotcharitableC.D.wereinadesperateD.27．Somenewspapersrefuseddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobably 。A.readersthreatenedtopayA.B.newspaperswantedtoreduceB.C.journalistsreportedlittleaboutC.很D.subscriberscominedaboutD.28．ComparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts，Japanesenewspapersaremuchstablebecause A.havemoresourcesofA.有的收入来B.havemorebalancedB.C.arelessdependentonC.对的依赖较D.arelessaffectedbyD.29．Whatcanbeinferredfromtheparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaper。A.DistinctivenessisanessentialfeatureA.B.CompletenessistoblameforthefailureB.完整性应该对报纸的负C.Foreignbureausyacrucialroleinthenewspaperbusiness.C.D.ReadershavelosttheirinterestincarfilmD.读者们对汽车和方面的评论失去30．Themostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe 。A.AmericanNewspapers：StrugglingforA.报业：为生存而努B.AmericanNewspapers：GonewithB.报业：随风逝C.AmericanNewspapers：AC.报业：一个生机勃勃的行D.报业：一个令人绝望的故(2011Wetendtothinkofthedecades yfollowingWorldWarⅡasatimeprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions,goingofftocollegeontheG.I.Billandliningupatthemarriagebureaus.Butwhenitcametotheirhouses,itwasatimeofcommonsenseandabeliefthatlesscouldtrulybemore.DuringtheDepressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidenceinthefuture,madesmall,efficienthousingpositivelystylish.Economicconditionwasonlyastimulusforthetrendtowardefficientliving.Thephrase"lessismore"wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRobe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarⅡandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.ThesedesignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture,butnonemoresothanMies.Mie‟ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthanalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.Likeothermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood—materialsthatwetakeforgrantedtodaybutthatinthe1940ssymbolizedthefuture.Mies‟ssophisticatedpresentationmaskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago‟sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,weresmaller—two-bedroomunitsunder1,000squarefeet—thanthoseintheirolderneighborsalongthecity‟sGoldCoast.Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings‟detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequivalentofthe artsopopularatthetime.Thetrendtoward"less"wasnotentirelyforeign.Inthe1930sFrankLloydstartedbuildingmoremodestandefficienthouses—usuallyaround1,200squarefeet—thanthespreadingtwo-storyoneshehaddesignedinthe1890sandtheearly20thThe"CaseStudyHouses"commissionedfromtalentedmodernarchitectsbyCaliforniaArts&Architecturemagazinebetween1945and1962wereyetanotherhomegrowninfluenceonthe"lessismore"trend.Aestheticeffectcamefromthelandscape,newmaterialsandforthrightdetailing.InhisCaseStudyHouse,RalphRapsonmayhavemispredictedjusthowthemechanicalrevolutionwouldimpacteverydaylife—fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers—buthisbeliefthatself-sufficiencywasbothdesirableandinevitablewaswidelyshared.31．ThepostwarAmericanhousingstylelargelyreflectedtheAmericans‟ 了人的 A.prosperityandA.B.efficiencyandB.C.restraintandC.D.prideandD.32．WhichofthefollowingcanbefromParagraph3abouttheBauhaus是正确的A.ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanA.LudwigMiesvanderRoheB.ItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedWorldWarB.C.MostAmericanarchitectsusedtoassociatedwithC.大多数建筑师都曾和它有联系D.IthadagreatinfluenceuponD.它对的建筑有巨大影响33．Miesheldthateleganceof 33．Mies认为建筑设计的优 A.wasrelatedtolargeA.B.wasidentifiedwithB.C.wasnotreliantonabundantC.D.wasnotassociatedwithD.34．WhatistrueabouttheapartmentsbuiltonChicago‟sLakeShoreA.TheyignoreddetailsandA.B.TheywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularthatB.C.TheyweremorespaciousneighboringC.D.TheysharedsomecharacteristicsD.35．Whatcanwelearnaboutthedesignthe“CaseStudy35.“CaseStudyHouse”A.MechanicaldeviceswerewidelyA.B.NaturalscenesweretakenintoB.C.DetailsweresacrificedfortheC.D.Eco-friendlymaterialswereD.2012(2012年TextReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)hasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonthiseducationalritual. y,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblewhichmandatesthatwithex