专业型研究生英语课文讲义unit-1课件

Unit1Literature*Unit1Literature*1PrepareYourselfcommunicationssatellitemobiletelephonyintelligentrobotclonetelecommunications通讯卫星移动通讯智能机器人克隆远程通讯*PrepareYourselfcommunications2PrepareYourself文学科幻小说空间旅行外星人人类社会高技术信息时代信息产业literaturesciencefictionspacetravellingalienhumansocietyhi-techinformationageinformationindustry*PrepareYourself文学literature*3TextualorganizationIDEADIAGRAMScienceandscientistsvs.literatureandwritersTheareawheretheirideasmeetis:Sofarwritersofsciencefictionhave:*TextualorganizationIDEADIAGR4TextualorganizationThefutureofbusinesscommunicationdependson:Theimportantthingforwritersofsciencefictionintheinformationageis:Theauthorconcludesthat:*TextualorganizationThefuture5TextualorganizationThethemeofthetext:*Textualorganization*6TEXT1

WHAT’STHEBIGIDEA?Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.—AlbertEinstein*TEXT1

WHAT’STHEBIGIDEA?Ima7Paragraph1Nokiasponsors

awiderangeofeducational,culturalandotheractivities.Oneofthemostunusualactivitieswasthesponsoringof“FutureHistories”,acollectionofstoriesbyprominentwritersofsciencefiction.Whyshouldatelecommunicationscompanybecomeinvolvedwithliterature?Itcouldbecalled“research”.*Paragraph1Nokiasponsorsawi8sponsor['spɔnsə]

providefundsfor(aprojectoractivityorthepersoncarryingitout)资助，主办Joeisbeingsponsoredbyagovernmenttrainingscheme.乔有政府培训计划的经费资助。**sponsor['spɔnsə]

providefund9awiderangeof一系列aseriesof…e.g.Theareaoffersawiderangeofactivitiesforthetourist.该地区为游客提供各种各样的活动。幅度；范围e.g.Thecosttolearnhereisthoughttobeintherangeof100yuanto200yuanaday.**awiderangeof*10prominent

['prɔminənt]important;famous重要的；卓越的，著名的EileenChangisaprominentwriterintwentiethcenturyofChina.张爱玲是中国二十世纪的一位杰出作家。***11fiction

['fikʃən]

novels,thatdescribesimaginaryeventsandpeople小说，长篇小说→fictionist小说家;shortstory,novella

[nəu'velə]短中篇小说;rivernovel长篇小说***12involve

[in'vɔlv]

beinvolvedwith涉及beinvolvedin参与，被卷入;专心地(做)beinvolvedintrouble卷入纠纷***13research

[ri'sə:tʃ]

研究，调查aresearchstudent研究生aresearchpaper研究论文makescientificresearcheson进行...的科学研究academicresearch学术研究fieldresearch实际教学,现场调查研究appliedresearch应用研究descriptiveresearch

描述性研究**research

[ri'sə:tʃ]

研究，调查*14Paragraph1translation诺基亚公司出资赞助了众多的教育、文化以及其他活动。其最不寻常的活动之一就是它赞助了一本《未来历史》小说集，“未来历史”指的是由著名的科幻小说作家所创作的作品集。为什么一家通讯公司要同文学扯上关系呢？你可以把它看成是一种“研究”。*Paragraph1translation*15Paragraph2Scienceandliteraturehavetraditionallybeenhostiletoeachother.Writershaveregardedscientistsasdullcreatureswhotakepleasureindestroyinggreatwordsoftheimaginationwithboringfacts.Scientistshavethoughtofwritersasfrivolouspeoplewithnorespectfortherulesofevidence.Attheheartoftheirmutual

suspicionisthequestionofwhoownsthetruth.Doessomethingbecomerealwhenitisimaginedorwhenitisphysically

created?*Paragraph2Scienceandliterat16hostile

['hɔstail]

unfriendly不友善的；敌对的Peopleareveryhostiletotheidea人们强烈反对这个意见***17frivolous

['frivələs]

(ofaperson)carefreeandnotserious（人）轻薄的，轻浮的nothavinganyseriouspurposeorvalue无严肃目的的，无意义的，无价值的rulestostopfrivolouslawsuits制止为琐事打官司的规章**frivolous

['frivələs]

*18mutual

['mju:tʃuəl]

experiencedordonebyeachoftwoormoreparties相互的，彼此的Myfatherhatedhimfromthestartandthefeelingwasmutual.我的父亲从一开始就讨厌他，他也相应的讨厌父亲。**mutual

['mju:tʃuəl]

experie19suspicious

[sə'spiʃəs]havingorshowingacautiousdistrustofsomeoneorsomething对...怀疑Hewassuspiciousof/abouthermotivesShegavehimasuspiciouslook.→suspect

v.doubt?n.嫌疑犯**suspicious

[sə'spiʃəs]having20physically

['fizik(ə)li]

tangibleorconcrete物质的；有形的；实物的physicalassetssuchashousesorcars房子或汽车之类的实物资产oforrelatingtothebodyasopposedtothemin身体的，肉体的awholerangeofphysicalandmentalchallenges

对身体和智力的全面挑战→physical(n.)examination体格检查**physically

['fizik(ə)li]

*21create

[kri'eit]

bring(something)intoexistence,producee.g.over170jobswerecreated→creator=theCreate造物主,上帝→creature:ananimal,asdistinctfromahumanbeing动物（与人相对）**create

[kri'eit]

bring(som22Paragrapg2translation长久以来，科学和文学一直水火不容。作家一直都把科学家看作是一群无聊家伙，他们用乏味的事实来摧毁想象力伟大的作品，并且乐此不疲。科学家则认为作家非常轻浮，根本不尊重事实。双方相互质疑的关键所在是：谁代表着真理？事物到底是有了构想之后就真实存在，还是实物被制造出来之后才真实存在。*Paragrapg2translation长久以来，科学23Paragraph3Sciencefictionistheoneareawherethesetwoopposinggroupshavemetandexchangedideas.Asitsnamesuggests,sciencefictionisliteraturewhichpredictsthetechnologyofthefutureandtheeffectthiswillhaveonhumansociety.Overtheyearsmanyoftheirspeculationshavebeenremarkably

accurate.Spacetravel,communicationssatellites,nuclearpower,robotics,cloningandmobiletelephonyhaveallappearedinbooksbeforetheyappearedinreality.*Paragraph3Sciencefictionis24oppose

[ə'pəuz]

competewith(someone)inacontest（比赛中）竞争e.g.acandidatetoopposetheleaderinthepresidentialcontestdisapproveofandattempttoprevent,especiallybyargument反对opposeMagainst/toN把M与N相对照或相比opposeoneselfto

反对**oppose

[ə'pəuz]

*25exchange

[iks'tʃeindʒ]

anactofgivingonethingandreceivinganotherinreturne.g.negotiationsshouldeventuallyleadtoanexchangeoflandforpeaceinexchangefor

以...换onthestockexchange

在证券交易上exchangesth.withsb.与某人交换某种东西**exchange

[iks'tʃeindʒ]

anac26predict

[pri'dikt]

tomakeajudgmentaboutwhatisgoingtohappen断言；预言，预计；预卜e.g.Hepredictsthatthefluwillbecomemoreserious.Itistooearlytopredictaresult.→forebode,forecast,foresee,foretell**predict

[pri'dikt]

tomakea27speculate

['spekjuleit]

formatheoryorconjectureaboutasubjectwithoutfirmevidence推测e.g.mycolleaguesspeculateabout/onmyprivatelife.investinstocks,property,orotherventuresinthehopeofgainbutwiththeriskofloss做投机买卖e.g.Hedidn'tlookasthoughhehadthemoneytospeculateinshares.**speculate

['spekjuleit]

*28remarkable

[ri'mɑ:kəbl]

worthyofattention;striking值得注意的，显著的，突出的e.g.amostremarkablemusician

卓尔不群的音乐家→preeminent→considerable/noticeable/appreciable**remarkable

[ri'mɑ:kəbl]

wor29accurate

['ækjurit]

correctinalldetails;exact准确的，精确的Accurateinformationabouttheillnessisessential关于此病的准确信息至关重要→precise/exact***30appear

[ə'piə]

comeintosight;becomevisibleornoticeable进入视野；出现，显现Itappearstomethat...

→disappear/vanish/goaway→comeout***31Paragraph3Translation科幻小说使得这两个相互对立的群体得以相遇并交流思想。顾名思义，科幻小说是预测未来技术以及它给人类社会所带来的影响的文学形式。多年以来，他们的很多构想竟然惊人的准确。在成为事实之前，太空旅行、通讯卫星、核能、机器人、克隆和移动通讯早已经出现在科幻小说中。*Paragraph3Translation科幻小说使得这32Paragraph4Yetsometimesthewritershavegotitwrong.Nobodypredictedtheemergenceofpersonalcomputers,forinstance.Andcontactwithalienbeingsfromotherplanetsstillseemsalongwayoff,despitebeingacommonsubjectofsciencefiction.*Paragraph4Yetsometimesthew33emerge

[i'mə:dʒ]

appearsuddenly浮现，显露e.g.newlyemergingareasofscience新兴的科学领域Severalfactsstartedtoemergefrommyinvestigation.我的调查开始见出若干事实→appear,arise,comeout**emerge

[i'mə:dʒ]

*34contact

['kɔntækt]

thestateorconditionofcommunicatingormeetingbeincontactwith

→beoutofcontactwith

make/have/losecontactwith→contract***35being

['bi:ɪŋ]

arealorimaginarylivingcreatureorentity,especiallyanintelligentonee.g.arationalbeing/alienbeingsexistencee.g.Therailwaybroughtmanytownsintobeing.铁路的建成使许多城镇兴起.Thesinglemarketcameintobeingin1993.该单一市场形成于1993年. →creature**being

['bi:ɪŋ]*36common

['kɔmən]

一般的；常见的；通常的，日常的；普遍的it'scommonforawomantobedepressedaftergivingbirth 妇女分娩后心情沮丧是常见的现象ordinary普通平凡的；平民的；无特殊级别（或地位）thedwellingsofcommonpeople平民住宅acommonsoldier普通士兵ofcommonbirth下层社会的出身公共的；共同的；共为的thetwocountries’commonborder这两个共和国的公共边界commonmarketcommonknowledge众所周知的事**common

['kɔmən]

*37Paragraph4Translation然而，有时候作家（的预言）也会出错。比如说，没有谁预测到个人电脑的出现。尽管外星人早就是科幻小说的经典题材，但同来自其他星球的外星人接触似乎仍然是遥遥无期。*Paragraph4Translation*38Paragraph5Overtheyears,thetimebetweenthepredictionofnewtechnologyinsciencefictionanditsactualdiscoveryhasbecomeshorter.Ittook100yearsbeforethemoonlandingspredictedbytheFrenchwriterJulesVerneactuallytookplace.Theideaofrobotsfirstemergedinthe1920s.Thefirstrobotswerebuiltinthe1970s.Andinthe1940s,Arthur.C.Clarkepredictedthatcommunicationsatelliteswouldcircletheglobebytheyear2000.Thesearrived30yearsbeforetheyweredue.*Paragraph5Overtheyears,the39due

[dju:]

预定应到的；预期的，预定的；约定的Thebaby'sdueinAugust.孩子预产期在８月份。到期的，应支付的TheMayinstallmentwasdue.５月的分期付款该付了fall/becomedue

到期,满期应有的，应该得到的Shewasdueforarise/promotion.她该加薪/晋升了。dueto由于;起因于;归功于→owningto/thanksto**due

[dju:]

*40Paragraph5Translation随着时间的推移，科幻小说中对新科技的预测和新技术真正成为现实的时间间隔已经被缩短。法国作家儒勒.凡尔纳曾经预测人类登上月球，而百年之后这一预测才真正成为现实。二十世纪二十年代人类开始有了机器人的构想，直到二十世纪七十年代机器人才第一次被制造出来。二十世纪四十年代，阿琵.西.克拉克预测，到2000年，通讯卫星将围绕地球旅旋转，这一预测则提前30年成为了现实。*Paragraph5Translation随着时间的推移41Paragraph6RichardDawkins,aBritishscientist,recentlystatedthatscientificdiscoveryrevealedthebeautyandcomplexityofnatureinawaythatthehumanimaginationcouldneverdo.英国科学家理查德.道金斯最近提出，科学发现揭示了自然界的美和复杂性，这一点是人类的想象力永远不能做到的。”*Paragraph6RichardDawkins,a42reveal

[ri'vi:l]

make(previouslyunknownorsecretinformation)knowntoothers透露，暴露，泄露，揭露TomwasforcedtorevealJack'swhereaboutstorevealthetruth揭露真相→announce,declare,disclose,expose**reveal

[ri'vi:l]

make(pre43complex

['kɔmpleks]

由许多部分组成的,复合的acomplexnetworkofwaterchannels难以分析的；费解的；错综复杂的acomplexpersonalitythesituationismorecomplexthanitappears→complicated→n.a.联合企业:ironandsteelcomplex;b.综合建筑:aleisurecomplex休闲中心;acomplexofhotels旅馆群**complex

['kɔmpleks]

*44Paragraph7Yetthisisnottheendoftheroadforsciencefiction.Manyofthedevelopmentsithaspredictedareusedforcommunicationandwearenowinwhatiscalledthe“informationage”.OveronethirdofthepopulationintheWesternworldareemployedintheinformationtechnologyindustries.Worldleadercallfortheestablishmentof“knowledge-basedsocieties.”Andthepeoplewhohavetodotheworkcomplainof“informationoverload”.*Paragraph7Yetthisisnotthe45establish

[is'tæbliʃ]

setup建立,确立Theschoolwasestablishedin1975.Theestablishmentofnewinternationaleconomicorderistheessenceofhisarticle.他文章的主题是建立国际经济新秩序。***46complain

[kəm'plein]

expressdissatisfactionorannoyanceaboutsth.抱怨，发牢骚，诉苦SomestudentscomplainedbitterlyaboutEnglishlearning,whiletheotherslikeit.Herhusbandbegantocomplainofheadaches.Theycomplainedthatthewagesweretoolow.他们抱怨工资过低。**complain

[kəm'plein]

expre47Paragraph7Translation然而这并不是科幻小说的穷途末路，它所预言的很多发展正用信息交流，我们正在所谓的“信息时代”，西方国家超过三分之一的人口受聘于信息科技产业。世界上的领导人倡导“知识型社会”的建立。人们尽管抱怨“信息负担过重”但还必须从事这一行业。*Paragraph7Translation然而这并不是科48Paragraph8Inthemiddleofallthis,thereisarealneedforpeoplewithvision.Thefutureofbusinesscommunicationdependsontheabilitytoimaginenewrealitiesandthenproduceproductsandservicesforthem.In“FutureHistories”,onestorydealswithaninvestorwhoconstantlytravelsinsearchofnewopportunitiesinhightechnology.Hebacksacompanywhichproducesintelligentrobots,capableoflearningnewtasksfromtheirenvironment.Oneday,henoticesthattherobotshavestoppedworking.*Paragraph8Inthemiddleofal49Eventually,herealizesthattheyareaskingthemselvesaquestionwhichhasneveroccurredtohim.Whyarewedoingthis?Writersintheinformationagehavemovedfrompredictingscientificdiscoveriesofthefuture.Nowtheyspeculateabouttheeffectoftherevolutionofcommunicationonhumansociety.Inaworlddominatedbybusinessandtechnology,thereisstillanimportantroletobeplayedbypeoplewhocananswerthequestion–what’sthebigidea?*Eventually,herealizesthatt50vision

['viʒən]

thefacultyorstateofbeingabletoseeShehaddefectivevision.她的视力有缺陷。beyondone'svision

在视野之外,看不见的眼力；远见Theorganizationhadlostitsvisionanddirection.这个组织已经失去了远见和方向**vision

['viʒən]

thefaculty51occur

[ə'kə:]

happen;takeplace发生Theaccidentoccurredatabout3.30p.m.occurto)(ofathoughtoridea)comeintothemindof(someone).（想法）产生Itoccurredtohimthathehadn'teaten.***52dominate

['dɔmineit]

支配；控制Thestrongerdominatestheweaker.弱肉强食。→dominant：重要的；强大的；有影响的Myfatherisinamoredominantpositioninourfamily.**dominate

['dɔmineit]

支配；控制*53Paragraph8Translation在所有问题中，人们具有想像力是必须的。未来的商业交流主要依赖于把幻想变为现实的能力。能力具备了，才能生产出更多的产品和享有更多的服务，在“未来的历史”中，讲述了一个投资人的故事，他经常奔波于探寻高科技带来的新机遇。他主办了一家公司，主要生产智能机器人，这种机器人能够根据它所处环境而学习处理各种任务。有一天，他发现，机器人停止工作了。*Paragraph8Translation在所有问题中，54Paragraph8Translation最后，他才认识到：机器人们在自问一个他以前从未想过的问题。信息时代的作家们已不再预言未来的科学发现，我们该怎样应对这一问题呢？于是人们就着手开始估测交际变革对人类的影响，在商业和技术占统治地位的社会中，人们仍需要扮演的一个重要角色，那就是回答：“什么是大创意呢？”*Paragraph8Translation最后，他才认识55KEYTOEXERCISES*KEYTOEXERCISES*56VocabularyStudy(A)1insearchof2awiderangeof3playsamajorrolein4revealed5callingfor6inreality7dominate8respect9waspredicted10speculation*VocabularyStudy(A)1insearc57VocabularyStudy(B)1culture2cultural3sponsoring4sponsored5complication6complexity7prevail8dominated9supporters10investors*VocabularyStudy(B)1culture658VocabularyStudy(C)1overdosen.2overpopulatedadj.3overemphasizedv.4overloadv.5overwhelmingadj.6overworkedadj.&v.7overcrowdedadj.8overchargingn.*VocabularyStudy(C)*59GrammarreviewI1Heestablishedhisreputationasaradicalwithhisfirstspeech.2Tolstoyregardedthisasoneofhismostimportantworks.3Acidrainisrecognizedasoneofthemostseriousglobalenvironmentalproblems.*GrammarreviewI1Heestablis604Wemaydefineasquareasarectanglewithfourequalsides.5Healwaysdescribeshimselfasabusinessexecutive;infact,heisaclerk.6AmItotakethisexcuseasareasonforyourbehavior?*4Wemaydefineasquareasa61GrammarreviewII1Conditionswhichapplytoyourflightareavailableatthetravelagencywhereyoubookyourholiday.2Thecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewhereemployeesenjoytheirwork.3Exceptforthoseisolatedareasinhervicinitywhereoccasionallytheillegallyruncasinoswouldappear,thecitywas