托福阅读中关系法

关系阅读法最简情形的构造：目标文章：只有一段，一段只有两句话首先看到：Sentence

1……目标:What

does

“S1”

mean?需要(1)

单词量(2)

词组量(3)

语法知识(4)

概念体系其次看到：……Sentence

2.目标:What

does

“S2”mean?新增的问题?Relationship

1&2

(R1&2)穷举：R1&2可能的(R1&2)情况包括:S1被S2支持(或者S2被S1支持)What?(举例、阐述)Why?(因果、比较、分类、目的)How?(方式、手段、步骤)S1和S2同级并列递进转折s1、s2、R1&2

全已知:阅读结束.最可能的真实情形:1.M1未知、M2已知、R1~2已知；2.M1已知、M2未知、R1~2已知；3.M1已知、M2已知、R1~2未知；X+Y=Z

(等式之中的3个变量只有一个未知量)全已知或全不知的情况;阅读的本质提升：文章的视角MP1…MP1+MP2R(P1~P2)印证：“关系阅读法”与“作文展开”作文中段落内部的展开S1被S2支持(或者S2被S1支持)What?(举例、阐述)Why?(因果、比较、分类、目的)How?(方式、手段、步骤)作文中段落之间的展开S1和S2同级并列递进转折神奇的“理论”就这么结束了？！挽起你的袖子来吧：文本选择29+50+5什么是23;什么是50;什么是5为什么要29+50+5为什么不要权威的机构挽起你的袖子来吧：行进步骤0.选定将要处理的文本；1.搞懂每一句话的确切含义；2.理解每句话之间、每个段落之间的关系,并概括；3.整理词汇；4.反复阅读若干遍；5.复述文章；6.养成相隔若干天后复习的习惯；真的有用么?不如试试速读:Electricity

From

WindElectricity

From

Wind-第一段Since

1980,

the

use

of

wind

to

produce

electricity

has

beengrowing

rapidly.M1被M2支持:What?(举例、阐述)In

1994

there

were

nearly

20,000

wind

turbines

worldwide,most

grouped

in

clusters

called

wind

farms

that

collectivelyproduced

3,000

megawatts

of

electricity.M1被M2支持:What?(举例、阐述)Most

were

in

Denmark

(which

got

3

percent

of

its

electricity

from

wind

turbines)

and

California

(where

17,000machines

produced

1

percent

of

the

state’s

electricity,enough

to

meet

the

residential

needs

of

a

city

as

large

as

SanFrancisco).M1和M2共同支持另一句:(递进）Inprinciple,

all

thepower

needs

of

the

United

States

couldbe

provided

by

exploiting

the

wind

potential

of

just

threestates—North

Dakota,

South

Dakota,

and

Texas.Electricity

From

Wind-第二段Large

wind

farms

can

be

built

in

six

monthsto

a

yearand

then

easily

expanded

as

needed.M1和M2共同支持另一句:并列With

a

moderate

to

fairly

high

net

energy

yield,

thesesystems

emit

no

heat-trapping

carbon

dioxide

or

otherair

pollutants

and

need

no

water

for

cooling;manufacturing

them

produces

little

water

pollution.M1和M2共同支持另一句:并列The

land

under

wind

turbines

can

be

used

for

grazingcattle

and

other

purposes,

and

leasing

land

for

windturbines

can

provide

extra

e

for

farmers

and

ranchers.Electricity

From

Wind-第三段Wind

power

has

a

significant

cost

advantage

over

nuclearpower

and

has

e

competitive

with

coal-fired

power

plants

inmany

places.M1被M2支持:Why?(因果、比较、分类、目的)With

new

technological

advances

and

mass

production,projected

cost

declines

should

make

wind

powerone

of

theworld’s

cheapest

ways

to

produce

electricity.M1和M2共同支持另一句:递进In

the

long

run,

electricity

from

large

wind

farms

in

remoteareas

might

be

usedto

make

hydrogen

gas

from

waterduring

periods

when

there

is

less

than

peak

demand

forelectricity.M1被M2支持:How?(方式、手段、步骤)The

hydrogen

gas

could

then

be

fed

into

a

storage

systemand

used

to

generate

electricity

when

additional

or

backuppower

is

needed.Electricity

From

Wind-第四段Wind

power

is

most

economical

in

areas

with

steadywinds.M1被M2支持:Why?(因果、比较、分类、目的)In

areas

where

the

wind

dies

down,

backup

electricityfrom

a

utility

company

or

from

an

energy

storagesystem

es

necessary.M1和M2共同支持另一句:并列Backuppower

could

also

be

provided

by

linking

windfarms

with

a

solar

cell,

with

conventional

or

pumped-storage

hydropower,

or

with

efficient

natural-gas-burning

turbines.M1和M2共同支持另一句:转折Some

drawbacks

to

wind

farms

include

visual

pollutionand

noise,

although

these

can

be

e

by

improving

theirdesign

and

locating

them

in

isolated

areas.Electricity

From

Wind-第五段Large

wind

farms

might

also

interfere

with

the

flight

patterns

of

migratory

birds

in

certain

areas,and

they

have

killed

large

birds

of

prey

(especially

hawks,

falcons,

and

eagles)

that

prefer

to

huntalong

the

same

ridge

lines

that

are

ideal

for

wind

turbines.M1被M2支持:Why?(因果、比较、分类、目的)The

killing

of

birds

of

prey

by

wind

turbines

has

pitted

environmentalists

who

champion

wildlifeprotection

against

environmentalists

whopromote

renewable

windenergy.M1和M2共同支持另一句:并列Researchers

are

evaluating

how

serious

this

problem

is

and

hopeto

find

ways

to

eliminate

orsharply

reduce

this

problem.M1和M2共同支持另一句:转折Some

analysts

also

contend

that

the

number

of

birds

killed

by

wind

turbines

is

dwarfed

by

birdskilled

by

otherhuman-related

sources

and

by

the

potential

loss

of

entire

bird

species

frompossible

global

warming.M1被M2支持:What?(举例、阐述)Recorded

deaths

of

birds

of

prey

and

other

birds

in

wind

farms

in

the

United

States

currentlyamount

to

no

more

than

300

per

year.M1和M2共同支持另一句:转折By

contrast,

in

the

United

States

an

estimated

97

million

birds

are

killed

each

year

whentheycollide

with

buildings

made

of

plate

glass,

57

million

are

killed

on

highways

each

year;

at

least3.8million

die

annually

from

pollution

and

poisoning;

and

millions

of

birds

are

electrocuted

eachyearby

transmission

and

distribution

lines

carrying

powerproduced

by

nuclear

and

coal

power

plants.Electricity

From

Wind-第六段The

technology

isin

place

for

a

major

expansion

of

windpower

worldwide.M1和M2共同支持另一句:并列Wind

power

is

a

virtually

unlimited

source

of

e