汽车英语培训课件

1aTypesofmodernautomobiles现代汽车种类Entireconstructofautomobile汽车整体框架Maintechnicalspecifications主要技术参数、指标Runningprincipleofautomobile汽车运行原理2aUnit1

TypesofModernAutomobiles

1）cars轿车

3）trucks卡车2）passengercars客车5）specialtypevehicle特种车辆

4）tractorsandvehiclecombination7）farmvehicle农用车8)off-roadvehicle越野车

6）Self-dumpingcar自卸车3aClassificationofcars车的分类4aCrown（2.5～3L）Mazda/'mæzdə/6（2.3L）CA770（55a2、withrespecttoenginearrangementanddrivingtypeenginearrangementanddrivingtype发动机布局和驱动方式Diagram图（/'daiəgræm

/）frontengine

、front-wheeldrive发动机前置、前轮驱动frontengine

、rear-wheeldrive发动机前置、后轮驱动Rearengine、rear-wheeldrive发动机后置、后轮驱动6aPassengerCars客车7aTruck8aTractor牵引车9aSpecialvehicle专用车(/'vi:ikl/交通工具,车辆

)

fireengine消防车paradevehicle旅行车(/pə'reid

/检阅,游行)mailcar邮车10aUnit2

Entirestructureofautomobile1）engine发动机2）chassis底盘(/‘ʃæsi;’tʃæsi

/底盘 3）body车身 4）electricsystem电子系统11aUnit3

Maintechnicalspecifications1.completevehiclekerbmass整车整备质量2.maximumtotalmass最大总质量3.maximumpay最大装置重量

4.maximumaxlemass最大轴质量（/mæs/质量）5.vehiclelength车长6.Vehiclewidth车宽7.Vehicleheight车高12a8.Wheelbase轴距(/'wi:lbeis/)

9.track(tread)轮距

10.Frontoverhang前悬11.Rearoverhang后悬12.Minimumgroundclearance最小离地间隙13.Aproachangle接近角(/'æŋgl

/角度

)14.Departureangle离去角15.Turningdiameter转弯直径(/dai‘æmitə

/直径)Maintechnicalspecifications主要技术指标13aUnit4

RunningPrincipleoftheAutomobile汽车运行原理F0FtV

MtF0=Mt/rRunningresistance运行阻力（/ri'zistəns

/阻力

）Ff——rollingresistance滚动阻力

Fw——airresistance空气阻力Fi——gradientresistance坡道阻力(/'greidiənt/倾斜度,坡度)TotalresistanceΣF=Ff+Fw+Fi14aRelationbetweentotalresistanceandtractiveforce

totalresistanceandtractiveforceRunningstatus运转状态Ft>

ΣF

Speedup增速Ft=ΣF

uniformspeed匀速

Ft<ΣF

speeddown减速Tractiveforceandadhesiveforce牵引力和附着力

Adhesive*(/əd'hi:siv/有粘性的)force——F

F=G

——coefficient(/kəui'fiʃənt/系数)ofadhesion附着系数15aExtralargebus大客车返回16aMediumandheavytruck中型货车和重型货车

（/'mi:djəm/适中的,中等的)

17a

18aChapter2

PrincipleandEntirestructureofEngine发动机原理和整体结构Elementaryterms基本术语Principleoffour-strokeEngine四冲程发动机原理PrincipleoftwostrokeEngine两驱发动机原理Classificationoftheengine发动机分类19aSingle-cylinderengineCylinder气缸Piston活塞Pistonpin活塞销Connectingrod连杆Crankshaft曲轴Oilpipe机油管Intakevalve进气门Exhaustvalve排气门Timinggear正时齿轮Oilpump机油管20aUnit1ElementaryTermstopdeadcenter(TDC)上止点Bottomdeadcenter(BDC)下止点pistonstroke

(S)活塞行程、冲程crankradius

(R)曲柄半径(/'reidjəs/半径)actualdisplacement

(Vh)实际排量(/'æktjuəl/实际的)enginedisplacement

(VL)发动机排量combustionchambervolume

(Vc)燃烧室容积

(/‘tʃeimbə/室,房间；/kəm’bʌstʃən/燃烧)totalcylindervolume

(Va)气缸总容积Operatingcycle操作周期、运转周期(/'saikl/循环,周期)VL=Vh×i

Vh=πD2·S×10-6/4（L）D——cylinderdiameter,mm气缸直径,气缸内径,缸径

S——pistonstroke,mm活塞行程21aUnit2

PrincipleofFour-strokeEngine四冲程发动机原理ⅠPrincipleofFour-strokegasolineEngine四冲程汽油发动机原理1、intakestroke进气行程2、compressstroke压缩行程（/kəmpres/压缩）3、powerstroke动力行程4、exhauststroke排气冲程（/ig'zɔ:st

/排气

）

Workingprocessofsinglecylinderfour-strokegasolineengine22a进气门排气门油泵油管曲轴连杆活塞销活塞气缸23a进气行程排气阀关闭进气阀开启气压线24a压缩行程压缩比25a作功行程26a压力线排气行程(发动机的)示功图

(/ri'zidjuəl/残余的,剩余的)残余废气27aT=1200~1500Kp=105~400kPaⅡPrincipleofFour-strokedieselEngineInjector喷油器injectionpump喷油泵

Intake进气 Compress压缩Power作功Exhaust排气Inletvalve进气门ExhaustValve排气门airT=300~370Kp=80~90kPaT=800~1000Kp=3~5MPaT=800~1000Kp=105~400kPa28aRealdiagramofdieselengine（/‘di:zəl

/柴油）29aUnit3ClassificationofEngineInternalcombustionengine内燃机Water-coolingengine水冷发动机air-coolingengine风冷发动机

Four-strokeengine四冲程发动机Two-strokeengine两冲程发动机Gasolineengine汽油机Dieselengine柴油机Single-cylinderengine单缸发动机Multi-cylinderengine多缸发动机Cylinder-in-linearrangement单列式发动机

V-arrangementInternalcombustionengine内燃机Internalcombustionengine内燃机Internalcombustionengine内燃机Internal

combustionengine内燃机30aUnit4EntireStructureoftheEngine发动机的总体构造Twomechanisms两大机构Connectingrod曲柄连杆Valvegear阀门配气机构

Fivesystems五大系统Fuelsupplysystem供给系Ignitionsystem点火系Coolingsystem冷却系统Lubricatingsystem润滑系Startsystem起动系31aconnectingrod连杆Flywheel飞轮Crankshaft凸轮轴Piston活塞intakevalveexhaustvalvepushrod推杆

tappet挺杆

timinggears正时皮带/链条■

Valvegear

■

Connectingrod

32aCamshaft凸轮轴Rocker摇臂/杆33aEngineconstructionofSantana34aEnginecoolingsystemofSantana35aEnginelubricatingsystemofSantana（/lubricate/v.润滑,涂油）36aFuelsupplysystem燃料供给系统

37aValvegear气门机构

back38aGasTurbine（/'tə:bin,-bain/n.涡轮）燃气涡轮机

39aChapter3

ConnectingRod☆Enginebody☆Pistonandconnectingrod☆Crankshaftandflywheel40aUnit1IntroductionFunctionConvertthermal(/‘θə:məl

/热的,热量的

)energyintomechanical(/mi’kænikl

/机械的,力学的

)energyusedtomovethepistonupanddown.将燃料燃烧时产生的热能转变为活塞上下运动的机械能.Convertreciprocating(/ri'siprəkeit/互换,交换)motionofthepistonintorotarymotionofthecrankshaftandproducepower.

将活塞的往复运动变为曲轴的旋转运动而对外输出动力。ComponentsEnginebodyPistonandconnectingrodCrankshaftandflywheel41a工作条件受的力主要有气压力、惯性力、离心力、摩擦力（inertial/i'nə:ʃəl

/惯性的;centrifugal/sen'trifjugəl/离心的）冲击力和震动42aUnit2EngineBodyComponents：Crankcase曲轴cylinderblock气缸体

Cylindergasket气缸垫cylinderheadCylinder气缸oilpassageandwaterpassage油道和水道oilpan油底壳气缸盖43aCylinderblockandcrankcase

气缸体和曲轴箱

cylinderblockofaudi10044aClassification1、water-cooling水冷2、air-cooling风冷coolingfin散热片,冷却片

cylinderblockandheadofair-coolingengine水冷发动机的气缸体和气缸盖Withrespecttocoolingmethod45aWithrespecttocylinderarrangementIn-line直列式V-typeV型46aHorizontallyopposedtype水平对置式（/.hɔri'zɔntli

/水平的,横的）47aCrankcase（oilpan）曲轴箱（油底壳）Function:enclosingthecrankshaft作用：密封曲轴Oilpanoftheengine48aCylinderheadFunction作用：Sealthetopthecylinderandformthecombustionchamberwiththepistonandthecylinder密封气缸的上部，与活塞、气缸等共同构成燃烧室。Operatingcondition工作条件：muchheatload由于接触温度很高的燃气，所以承受的热负荷很大。Material材料：greyironoralloy（//合金）ironaluminium(/.ælju'miniəm/铝)：灰铸铁或铝合金。49acylindergasket气缸垫cylinderblock气缸盖cylinderheadcover气缸盖罩Pad衬垫tofitsparkplug安装火花塞50aCombustionchamberTypeDiagramapplicationHalf-ball半球形Santana桑塔纳Xiali夏利Citroen富康Cuniform楔形（/'kju:niifɔ:m/）Cherokee切诺基Basin-shape盆形Jetta捷达Audi奥迪51aCylindergasket气缸垫Function功用：fittedbetweenthecylinderblockandcylinderheadtosealtheareabetweenthemandpreventleakageofgas,oilandwater.安装在气缸盖和气缸体之间，保证气缸盖与气缸体接触面的密封，防止漏气、漏水和漏油。Material材料：flexible,withstandtheheat,pressureanderode有弹性、耐热性、耐压性、耐腐蚀（/'fleksəbl/易弯曲的

;/erode/腐蚀,侵蚀）Payattentiontothedirectionwhenfixing52aUnit3PistonandConnectingRod

活塞和连杆compressionrings压缩环oilrings油环pistonpin活塞销Piston活塞connectingrod连杆connectingrodbolt连杆体螺栓crankbearinghalfshell曲轴主轴承半壳connectingrodcap连杆盖

53aPiston活塞Function功用：

Withstandinggaspressureandforcecrankshafttorotate承受气体压力，并通过活塞销和连杆驱使曲轴旋转。Workingsurroundings工作环境：

operatingunderexceedinglydifficultmechanicalandthermalconditions高温、散热条件差（/ik'si:diŋli/非常(极其,极度地,很);/'θə:məl/热的,热量的）Material：

aluminium,greyiron铝合金；灰铸(/.ælju'miniəm/铝)Characteristic特点Astrongenoughandrigidenough强度和刚度好Bgoodthermalconductivity（/.kɔndʌk‘tiviti/传导性

），withstandhighpressure,hightemperatureandwearing良好的导热性，耐高压、耐高温、耐磨损Clightenoughtoreduceinertiaforces质地很轻可以降低惯性力54aComponentsPistontop活塞头部pistontoppistonheadpistonskirt55aClassificationofpistontopshapediagramflat平顶Convex（/'kɔn'veks

/）凸顶concave(/'kɔn'keiv/)凹顶56aPistonhead活塞头部compressionringgroove气环槽oilringgroove油环槽pistonpinhole活塞销孔57aRealdiagramofthepistonCompressionringgroove气环槽Oilringgroove油环槽58aPistonskirt活塞裙部

Function:formingabearingareaincontactwiththecylinderwall.形成一个支撑面连接气缸壁59aSlottedpiston（gasolineengine）开槽活塞（汽油机）（有槽的

）Heatdam隔热槽

Expandslot扩展槽Circlegroove环槽

60aPistonrings活塞环Compressionringsandoilrings气环和油环Workingconditions：Hightemperature,highpressure,highspeed,hardlylubricated高温、高压、高速、不易润滑。Longevity（/lɔn'dʒeviti/长寿）：60,000kilometers1）compressionring气环Topreventcompressionleakageandtransmit(/trænz‘mit

/传输

)mostoftheheatfrompistonheadtocylinderwallandtheheatiscarriedbycoolingwater防止气体泄漏，将活塞头部的热量传给气缸壁，并由水冷系统传输热量notch61aClearanceofpistonring活塞环隙sideclearance侧隙backclearance背隙endplay端隙62a2）oilcontrolringsscraperaxiallinerradiallinerscrapercompoundoilring组合环ordinaryoilring普通环63aPistonpinFunction：

connectingpistonwithsmallendofconnectingrodandtransmitgaspressureexertedonthepistontoconnectingrod