口语训练与听力测试

M:Ijustreceivedan fromoneofmy classmates.Iwassurprised,Ihadn’theardfromhimforages.W:Well,I’vebeen withmostofmyoldfriends,onlyoneortwostilldropmea occasionally,Q:WhatdoesthewomanM:Ifyoucanmakeupyourmindaboutthecolor,IcanstartontheoutsideofyourhouseearlynextW:Well,rightnowIthinkIwantwhiteforthewindow andyellowforthewalls,butI’llletyouknowtomorrow.Q:WhoisthewomantalkingW:Excuseme,doyouhaveanyapartments forunder500dollarsamonth?Ineedtomoveinnextweekwhenmynewjobstarts.M:Theonly oneIhaveis600dollars,haveyouinquiredattheapartmentcomplexdowntheQ:WhatdoesthemansuggestthewomanW:Youboughtapairofnsyesterday,didn’tyou?WhataretheyM:Oh,theyareprettymuchlikemyotherones,exceptwithalarger IguessIhaven’tspentmuchtimeexercisinglay.Q:WhatcanweinferfromtheconversationabouttheW:Ireallylikethose paintingswesawyesterday.WhatdoyouM:Iguessit’ssomethingIhaven’t Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?

atasteforW:Youhaven’tseenabluenotebook,haveyou?IhopeIdidn’tleaveitinthereadingroom.M:Didyoucheckthatpileof you’veborrowedfromthelibrarytheotherday?Q:Whatisthemantryingtosaytothewoman?M:HowaboutjoiningmeforacupofW:I’dloveto,butI’m .Iwasuptill3thismorning,writingapaperformyli Q:Whydoesthewomandeclinetheman’s~1~~PAGE2W:Youhadajob yesterday,didn’tyou?Howdiditgo?M:Nottoobad,Iguess.Therewereabout20 competingforthesalesmanager’sjob.Andfinallyitwasdowntothreeofus,buttheothertwoseemedbetter Q:Whatdoestheman长F:Simon,howdoesitfeeltobe M:Well,notsobad.F:HowhaveyoubeenspendingyourM:Ihavebeenspendingmoretimewithmyfamily.I’vealsotravelledabit,youknow, wheneverywhereislesscrowdedandho scostless.F:M:YouknowIhaven’tstoppedworkcomple F:Yes,couldyou lusmoreaboutthis?M:I’mona that’scalledphasedretirement;Ihadasix-monthbreakfromwork,afterthatIcould projectworkwiththe Iusedtoworkfor.F:HowdoestheschemeM:Well,it’sa atthemoment.Insteadofhiringtemporarystuff,the postsonitswebsitethatretiredemployeeslikemyselfcan F:WhatsortofworksM:Well,allsortsofthings,really.Administrativeworkandmore work,thesortofthingIcando.Someofthe canlastfiveorsixmonths,andotherscanjustbeacoupleofdays.Icandecidemoreorlesswhentowork.SoIcan myowntime.F:Icanseeit’sgoodforyou.Whatis getoutofM:Well,Istillhaveallmyold atwork,soIknowwhotocontacttogetsomethingdone. gets ,too.Oncethejob’sover,that’sit.I’mnotontheirbooksanyQuestions19-21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustWhydoesSimonfindhisretiredlifeHowdoesSimongettoknowabout ’savailableWhydoes adoptthephasedretirement长W:Oh,whereareweM:Iwanttoshowyousomething.W:Iknow,butwhatisit?M:Afarm.It’sjustdownthisroad.It’sasmallce,butatleastitwouldbeourown.W:Afarm?Howcanwe tobuyafarm?M:Itisn’tverylarge,only40acres.Wewouldn’thavetopayverymuchrightnow.W:Isthereahouseonthece?M:Asmallone,twobedrooms,butitneedstobeW:OK.Isthereenoughspaceforakitchengarden?

upalittle.IcandothejobM:Thereisabouthalfanacrearoundthehouse.That’splentyofW:Thenwecangrowourownfreshvegetables.Andmaybekeepafewchickens,couldn’twe?M:Yes,andwecanprobablygrowalotofourownfood.W:Whatareyouthinkingaboutgrowing,ifwedotakethisM:Well,itreallyisn’tbigenoughforcorn.IthoughtwemighttrytoW:Potatoes?Therearealotofwork.M:Weareusedtohardwork,aren’t

acropofW:Yes,weare,butthemoney.Dowehaveenoughtogetstarted?ItseemslikeaM:Ithinkwe’ve enough.Wecanpayalittleonthefarmandmaybeputafewdollarsdownonthetractor,too.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustQ22:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodoatthetimeoftheconversation?Q23:Whatdoesthemansayaboutthefarm?Q24:Whydoesthemanintendtogrowpotatoesratherthancornonthefarm?Q25:Whatisthewoman’sgreatestconcernabouttheman’sn?2008年12月大四级PassageMembersofthecitycouncilanddistinguishedguests,itismy tointroducetoyoutodayMr.RobertWashington, ofourcity’s.Hewill usonthesubjectoftheCommunityPolicingProgram.MostofyouknowthatMr.Washingtonhasadistinguished asheadofourformorethantenyears.However,youmaynotknowthathealsoholdsamaster’s incriminologyandstudiedabroadforayearwiththeinternationalwhichdealswith aroundtheworld.Mr.WashingtonfirstintroducedtheCommunityPolicingProgram8yearsago.Theideabehindthe istogettheofficersoutoftheircarsandintoourneighborhoodswheretheycantalkdirectlytomerchantsand abouttherealdynamicsofourcity.Theseofficersdomorethanmake Theytrytofindwaystohelp theproblemsthatcontributetocrimeinthefirstce.Oftenthatmeanshookingpeopleupwithservices byothercityagencies,suchasschools,hospitals,housing,drugtreatmentcenters.Andtheprogramseemstobeworking:crimeisdownandourcitizensreportthattheyfeelmore .TodayMr.Washingtonisgoingtolusmoreaboutthisprogram.Nowlet’s eMr.RobertWashington.Whatisthepurposeofthespeaker’sHewilladdressusonthesubjectofcommunitypolicingWhatdoesthespeakersayaboutMr.RobertMostofyouknowthatMr.Washingtonhasadistinguishedrecordasheadofourformorethantenyears.However,youmaynotknowthathealsoholdsamaster’sdegreeincriminologyandstudiedabroadforayearwiththeinternationalwhichdealswithcrimesaroundtheworld.Mr.Washingtonfirstintroducedthecommunitypolicingprogram8yearsago.WhatistheideabehindtheCommunityPolicingTheideabehindtheprogramistogettheofficersoutoftheircarsandintoourneighborhoodswheretheycantalkdirectlytomerchantsandresidentsabouttherealdynamicsofourcity.HowhastheCommunityPolicingProgramturnedouttoAndtheprogramseemstobeworking,crimeisdownandourcitizensreportthattheyfeelmorePassageTherearebetween3000and6000publiclanguagesintheworld,andwemustaddapproximay6billion languagessinceeachoneofusnecessarilyhasone.Consideringthesefacts,the forbreakdownsincommunicationseeminfiniteinnumber.However,wedo successfullyfromtimetotime.Andwedolearntospeaklanguages.Butlearningtospeaklanguagesseemstobeavery process.Foralongtime,peoplethoughtthatwelearnedalanguageonlyby andassociation.Forexample,ababytouchesahotpotandstartstocry.Themothersays,“Hot,hot!”Andthebaby,whenitstopscrying,imitatesthemothersays,“Hot,hot!”However,NoamChomsky,afamous inlanguage,pointedoutthatalthoughchildrendolearnsomewordsbyimitationandassociation,theyalso wordstomakemeaningfulsentencesinwaysthatareunique,unlearnedand .Becauseyoungchildrencanmakesentencestheyhaveneverheardbefore,Chomskysuggestedthathuman arebornwiththeabilitytolearnlanguage.Chomskymeantthatunderneathallthedifferencesbetweenpublicandprivatelanguages,thereisinfants,tolearnanylanguageintheworld.

languagemechanismthatmakesitpossibleforus,exinsthepotentialthatinfantshaveforlearninglanguage.Butitdoesnotreallyexinhowchildrencometouselanguage ways.Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustQuestion30.WhydoesthespeakersaytherearegreatpossibilitiesforcommunicationTherearenumerouspublicandprivateQuestion31.WhatisChomsky’spointontheabilitytolearnaHumaninfantsarebornwiththeabilitytolearnlanguageandthepotentialtolearnanylanguageintheQuestion32.WhatdoesChomsky’stheoryfailtoexinaccordingtothespeaker?Itdoesnotreallyexinhowchildrencometouselanguageinparticularways.WhenUSspacewomanJoanHigginbothamisnotflyingandworkinginspace,shemightbefoundsomewhereonearthgivinga .Higginbotham,whogrewupinChicagoandbecameanengineerbeforejoiningNASA,thatistheNationalAirandSpaceAdministration,givesaboutadozenspeechesayear.Eachspeechisdifferentbecauseshe herremarkstoeachaudience.ThroughinterviewsandE-mails,shefindsoutinadvanceherlisteners'educationalleveland theywanttoknow.Onthesubjectofspacewalks,forexample,audiences intheirinterestsandhowmuchcomplexitytheycancomprehend.Toelementaryschoolchildren,Higginbothammay aproblemthatmanykidswanttoknowabout."Howdospacemenina eat,drink,andgotothebathroom?"Heransweris“thespacesuitisreallyasmallspacecraftwithroomforfoodandwater- ,andawaste-collectionsystem.”Toahighschoolaudience,shemightsatisfya thatoftenarisesinherpre-speechinterviewswithstudentswhoobviouslyhaveseenmany movies.“Dospacemencarryweaponsincasethey enemiesinspace?”Heransweris"No".Toscientists,shemightprovidetechnical onsuchtopicsasthedesignofspacesuitsthatprotectsspacemenfromthe temperatureextremesofspace.Justaselaboratepreparationisrequiredforsuccessinspace,Higginbothamsaysthatit’simportantforspeakerstolearnasmuchaspossibleabouttheirlistenersbeforeaspeechbecauseevery isdifferent.WhatdidJoanHigginbothamdobeforejoininginHowdoesHigginbothamprepareherspeechonspaceWhatdoesthehighschoolaudiencewanttoknowaboutspaceCompound isincreasingworldwide.Thereiseveryreasontobelievethetrendwillcontinuethroughthenextfewdecades.Crime havealwaysbeenhighinmulti-culturalindustrialized suchastheUnitedS