高中英语必修四Unit4课文详解Book4-unit4

必修四Unit4BodyLanguage肢体语言statementn.陈述；说明dashvi.猛冲；突进atease舒适；快活；自由自在greetvi.&vt.迎接；问候adultn.成人；成年人trulyadv.真实地；真诚地representvt.代表；象征simplyadv.简单地；只falseadj.错误的；假的associationn.社团；联系；联想Muslimn.&adj.穆斯林（的）angern.怒气；怒火dormitoryn.宿舍spokenadj.口语的loseface丢脸canteenn.食堂posturen.姿势；体态turnone'sbackto背弃；背对curiousadj.好奇的belikelytodo…很可能；有希望fistn.拳头curiouslyadv.好奇地ingeneral总的来说；通常yawnvi.打哈欠approachvt.&vi•接近；靠近；走近crossroadsn.十字路口respectfuladj.恭敬的n.接近；方法；途径employeen.雇员subjectiveadj.主观的cheekn.面颊frownvi.皱眉；蹙额hugvi&vt.拥抱defendagainst保卫…以免受misreadvt.读错；误解rankn.等级；军衔defencen.防御；保卫functionn.作用；功能；职能cassetten.磁带majoradj.主要的vi.起作用；运转facialadj.面部的misunderstandvt.误会；误解II・ReadingCOMMUNICATION:NOPROBLEM?交流：没有问题吗？Yesterday,anotherstudentandI,representingouruniversity'sstudentassociation,wenttotheCapitalInternationalAirporttomeetthisyear'sinternationalstudents.昨天，我和另一个学生代表我们大学的学生会到首都国际机场迎接今年的国际生。【注释：representingouruniversity'sstudent是现在分词短语作状语，该分词与句子主语“anotherstudentandI”之间的逻辑关系为主谓关系。也有把representingouruninersity'sstudentassociation看作非限制性定语（相当于whorepresentedouruniversity'sstudentassociation.）考题：（09申-31）Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,allfourpeopleonboard.（09湘-25）Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,inasmallapartmentnearBostonandwhattodoabouthisfuture.A.living;wonderingB.lived;wonderingC.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered3.（09辽-22）Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhome,memorycameback.A.floodingB.tofloodC.floodD.flooded（08全II-9）Whatareyoureading,Tom?I'mnotreallyreading,justthepages.A.turningoffB.turningaroundC.turningoverD.turningup（08京-24）thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshe'dlikethatlittledollonherbed.A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SeeD.Seen（08重-29）toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.A.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.HavingfailedBAACAD】Theywerecomingto——studyatBeijingUniversity—他们要来北大学习。【注释：werecomingto是用短暂性动词的进行时形式表示将来。类似用法begoingtodosth.】Wewouldtakethemfirsttotheir【注释：dormitoriesandthentothestudentcanteen.我们首先把他们带到宿舍，然后带他们去小卖部。【注释：当序数词作状语修饰谓语动词时，在序数词前面不可用the。如：Tomcameherefirstthismorning.】Afterhalfanhourofwaitingfortheirflighttoarrive,Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingarea等了半个小时之后，我看到几个年轻人走进候机区，在好奇地张望。lookingaroundcuriously.【注释：lookingaroundcuriously是现在分词作伴随状语。】Istoodforaminutewatchingthemandthenwenttogreetthem.我站一会儿，观察他们，然后过去跟他们打招呼。ThefirstpersontoarrivewasTonyGarciafromColombia,closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼・加西亚，紧跟着后面的是来自英国的茱莉亚•斯密斯。【注释：thefirstpersontoarrive,非谓语动词修饰序数词或修饰有序数词修饰的名词时，常能用不定式形式。试题：1）ShewasthefirstwomanthegoldmedalintheOlympicsintheworld.A.wonB.winsC.towinD.winning2）Thelastonepaysthemeal.Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arrivingCC】AfterImetthemandthenintroducedthemtoeachother,Iwasverysurprised.当我接到他们并相互介绍完毕之后，我感到非常吃惊。TonyapproachedJulia,touchedhershoulderandkissedheronthecheek!托尼走到茱莉亚跟前，摸摸她的肩膀并吻了她的脸颊。【注释：approachvt.向…靠近；接近；与…打交道；探讨；vi.靠近；临近；接近；n.靠近；临近；接近；通路；亲近的表示；方式（后跟to）;theapproachof的来临/临近；makeapproachestosb.想接近某人；想与某人打交道；approachsb.about/forsth.向某人要求某物；approachtosth.做某事的方式/方法；eg.1）Snowannouncedtheapproachofwinter.雪宣告冬季的来临。2）Ilikeherapproachtotheproblem.我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。3）Theymadeapproachestotheteamtobuyoneoftheirplayers.他们与那支球队洽谈要买他们的一^球员。试题：★Withwinter,manyanimalsarebusystoringfood.A.leavingB.disappearingC.appearingD.approaching】Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhands,asifindefence.她向后退了一下，（脸上）显露出很吃惊，举起双手，似乎是在防卫。【注释：asifconj.（连接词）（1）Inthesamewaythatitwouldbeif:似乎，仿佛：eg.lookedasifsheweremadeofice.她看起来似乎是冰做的.（2）That:相当于that:eg.Itseemedasifthemeetingwouldneverend.看起来会议没完没了】【guessedthattherewasprobablyamajormisunderstanding.我想这主要可能是一个误会。【注释：majoradj.较大的；主要的n.专业；vi.主修；专政；majorin攻读；专修；主修eg.Alicemajorsineconomics.爱丽丝主修经济学。a/themajorityof大多数的；大半的eg.Themajorityofloneparentsaredivorcedorseparatedwomen.单身父母中大多数是离婚或分居的妇女。Youngpeoplewereinthemajorityatthemeeting.这次会议年轻人占了很多。】ThenAkiraNagatafromJapancameinsmiling,togetherwithGeorgeCookfromCanada.随后，来自日本的永田明，和来自加拿大的佐治亚库克都笑着进来。【注释：smiling是现在分词作伴随状语。】Astheywereintroduced,GeorgereachedhishandouttotheJapanesestudent.在介绍他们的时候，佐治亚向日本学生伸出手去。【注释：introducevt.引领；引进；介绍；提出；introducesb.tosb.把某人介绍给某人；introducesth.in/into把某物引进；introducesb.tosth.引导或带领某人接触某事物；introducesth.tosb.向某人宣布并介绍；introduceoneself作自我介绍eg.1）Itwasmyyoungerbrotherwhointroducedmetojazz.是我弟弟介绍我听爵士乐的。2）AllowmetointroducemyfriendMissWoodtoyou.允许我向你介绍我的朋友伍德小姐。3）CoffeewasintroducedintoEnglandfromtheContinent.咖啡是从欧洲大陆传入英国的。】Justatthatmoment,however,AkirabowedsohisnosetouchedGeorge'~smovinghand.可是，就在那时，永田明弯腰鞠躬，以致于他的鼻子碰到了佐治亚正伸出来的手。Theybothapologizedanotherculturalmistake!__们两个都相互道歉又一个文化过失！AhmedAziz,anotherinternationalstudent,\wasfromJordan.艾哈默德•阿齐兹，另一个来自约旦的国际生。Whenwemetyesterday,hemovedveryclosetomeasIintroducedmyself.—昨天，当我们见面的时候，在我自我介绍时，他走到我跟前，靠得很近。【辨析：close,closely⑴close表示具体的空间概念，即指“距离很近”，如：stayedclosetogether.紧紧地靠在一块。closely指抽象的“关系密切”。如：Thetwothingsarecloselyinterconnected.这两个事物是相互紧密地联系在一起的。类似用法像deep与deeply,deep指具体的空间概念“深”，而deeply指抽象的感情概念“深深地”】Imovedbackabit,buthe__cameclosertoaskaquestionandthenshookmyhand.我向后退了一点,可是他靠得更近来问问题，并与我握手。WhenDarleneCoulonfromFrancecamedashingthroughthedoor,sherecognizedTonyGarcia'ssmilingface.当来自法国的达琳库龙匆忙地穿过门口过来时，她认出了托尼加西亚微笑的脸庞。Theyshookhandsandthenkissedeachothertwiceoneachcheek,sincethatistheFrenchcustomwhenadultsmeetpeopletheyknow.他们握手并在脸颊上相互吻了两下，因为那是法国人的习俗：当成年人遇到相识的人时，要相互吻两下脸颊。【注释：theyknow是定语从句，修饰限制先行词people.1AhmedAziz,onthecontrary,simplynoddedatthegirls.相反，艾哈默德阿齐兹只是对他的女友点点头。【注释：onthecontrary相反。1MenfromMiddleEasternandotherMuslimcountrieswilloftenstandquiteclosetoothermentotalkbutwillusuallynottouchwomen.来自中东和其他穆斯林国家的男子通常与别人站得很近来讲话，但通常不碰女子。【注释：touchvt.&vi.n.触摸；接触；getin/intotouchwith与…取得联系；keepintouchwith与…保持联系；beintouchwith与…有联系；losetouchwith=beoutoftouchwith与…失去联系；eg.1)Let'sstayintouch让我们保持联系。2)Iwastouched/movedbyhergentleness.我被他的温柔打动了。3)Wehavekeptintouchwitheachothersincegraduation.自毕业以后我们一直相互保持联系。4)IregrettosaythatIhavelosttouchwithfourorfive.很遗憾，我和四五个朋友已失去了联系。1AsIgettoknowmoreinternationalfriends,Ilearnmoreaboutthiscultural“bodylanguage”随着我开始认识更多的国际朋友，我了解了更多的有关“肢体语言”的文化。Notallculturesgreeteachother(in)thesamewav,noraretheycomfortableinthesamewavwithtouchingordistancebetweenpeople.(=noraretheycomfortabletouchingstrangersorbeingtoocloseortoofaraway^X不是所有的文化以相同的方式相互问候/寒暄，以同样的方式或同样的距离与人接触都会使他们不舒服(与人接触时距离太近或太远都会使他们不舒服)。【注释：(1)notall意为‘并非所有的…都’，是部分否定；与not构成部分否定意义的表示整体意义或表示绝对概念的词还有：both,every,everyone,everywhere,everybody,everything,always,entirely,altogetherwholly,.Eg.1)Noteverystudentpassedtheexam.并非所有的学生都通过了考试。2)NotallofthemcanspeakEnglish.并非他们都会说英语。(2)表示全部否定是词有：none,nobody,neither,never,nothing,nowhere,noone,notatall.Eg.Noneofthebooksareuseful.1Inthesamewaythatpeoplecommunicatewithspokenlanguage,theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingsusingunspoken“language”through一physicaldistance,actionsorposture.一同样地，他们在用口语交流时，他们也通过使用身体的距离、行为、或姿态等不说出口的“语言”来表达感情。【注释：throughprep.(1)Bywayof:由，经过：eg.climbedinthroughthewindow.从窗户爬进去(2)Bythemeansoragencyof:通过：用…途径或媒介：eg.boughttheantiquevasethroughadealer.通过一^商人买到这只古花瓶1Englishpeople,forexample,donotusuallystandveryclosetoothersor(二andnot)touchstrangersassoonastheymeet—例•如，英国人一见面，通常彼此站得不是很近，或不是近距离的接触陌生人。However,peoplefromplaceslikeSpain,ItlayorSouthAmericancountriesapproachotherscloselyandaremorelikelyto_touchthem.然而，来自西班牙、意大利或南美国家的人彼此靠得很近，也很可能接触对方。【注释：likely,possible,probable在不同结构中的运用：Itslikelythat…=sb.belikelytodo…如：It'slikelythathewillwinthegame=heislikelytowinthegame.It'spossibleforsb.todosth.=It'spossiblethatsb.willdosth.如：It'spossibleforTomtopasstheexamthistime.It'sprobablethatsb.willdoSth.如：It'sprobablethatTomwillpasstheexamthistime.We'vejustheardawarningontheradiothatahurricaneistocomethisevening.A.likelyB.possibleC.probableD.believableItisforhertofinishthatmathsprobleminsuchashorttime,becausesheissoclever.A.probableB.impossibleC.likelyD.possible3)Look,darkcloudsaregathering.Itistorainsoon.A.possibleB.likelyC.probableD.perhapsADA】Mostpeoplearoundtheworldnowgreeteachotherbyshakinghands,butsomeculturesuse世界各地大多数人是通过握手进行彼othergreetingsaswell,suchastheJapanese,whoprefertobow.此问候，但也有其他文化用其他方式问候，比如日本人比较喜欢鞠躬。【注释：aswell也；又；同样；倒不如，还是...的好；最好...还是(Itwillbeaswelltostopthatyoungscreamer.但是最好还是让那个大哭大叫的孩子住声。)eg.Hementionedothermattersaswell.他也提到了其它事情】Theseactionsarenotgoodorbad,butaresimplywaysinwhichcultureshavedeveloped.这些行为不好也不坏，只是文化发展的不同方式罢了。【注释：simplyadv.(1)merely;only:仅仅；只不过：eg.Itissimplyamatteroftime.这只不过是一个时间的问题.(2)absolutely;altogether:完全地；简直：eg.simplydelicious.真是鲜美极了.(3)Frankly;candidly:坦率地；天真地：eg.Youare,quitesimply,thebestcandidateforthejob.说实在话，你是这份工作最好的候选人】Ihaveseen,however,thatculturalcustomsforbodylanguageareverygeneral—notallmembersofaculturebehaveinthesameway.可是，我已经明白：对于肢体语言的文化习俗是非常普遍的一一并非所有文化在行为上都以相同的方式。【注释：behavev.tr(.及物动词)(1)Toconduct(oneself)properly:举止适宜:eg.Didyoubehaveyourselfattheparty?你在聚会上举止得体吗？(2)Toconduct(oneself)inaspecifiedway:以某一特殊方式行动：eg.Thewitnessbehavedherselfwithgreatcalmness.那目击者表现得极其冷静】Ingeneral,though,studyinginternationalcustomscancertainlyhelpavoiddifficultiesintoday'sworldofculturalcrossroads!不过，一般说来，研究国际习俗确实能够有助于避免当今世界文化交叉所产生的困难。【注释：①ingeneral大体上；一般地；asageneralrule一般情况下；通常；generallyspeaking一般地说。如：1)Asageneralrule,hegoestobedlate.②avoid+动名词/名词/代词vt.避开；避免(1)Icrossedthestreettoavoidmeetinghim,buthesawmeandcamerunningtowardsme.我横穿马路以便避开他,但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。(2)Toavoidconfusion,theteamsworedifferentcolours.为避免混淆,两队分穿不同颜色的衣服。】试题：Iguessthatteamistowinthematch,butIamnotquitesure.A.possibleB.likelyC.impossibleD.certainThekidsseatedthemselvestotheteacherandlistened___withgreatinterest.A.closely;closeB.closely;closelyC.close;closelyD.close;closetheimportanceofthisexperiment,theycheckedtheresultsoveragain.A.ToconsiderB.ConsideredC.ConsiderD.ConsideringThenewplanwasputimmediatelybytheleadersinthatcitytostopthespreadingfire.A.foruseB.intouseC.intoactionD.foractionAlleggslooktoeachother,butnotwoeggsarequitethesame,LeonardoDaVinci'steacheroncesaidtohim.A.differentB.similarC.alikeD.FamiliarBCDC[oaction采取行动；付诸实践]B重点句型：．ThefirstpersontoarrivewasTonyGarciafromColombia，closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.【精提取】toarrive为不定式作后置定语。注：当所修饰的部分是序数词或为序数词修饰时，则应用动词不定式作定语。如：Sheisthefirststudenttocomehere.【巧应用】她是在29届奥运会获得金牌的第一位运动员。必修四必修四Unit4课文详解杨磊译注#trulyChinesewayoflife.ItrulyChinesewayoflife.Imsureyou'lllikeit.Shewas___inthe29thOlympicGames.答案：thefirstathletetowinthegoldmedal．Notallculturesgreeteachotherthesameway，noraretheycomfortableinthesamewaywithtouchingordistancebetweenpeople.【精提取】notall为部分否定。表示整体概念或绝对概念的词与否定词连用时，则表示部分否定。这些词有all,both,every...,always,entirely,altogether,completely,quite,allthetime（一直），not…and…的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分（如：Thisfilmisnotinterestingandinstructive.这部电影有趣但无教育意义）。【巧应用】并不是所有昨天晚上在场的歌手都是学生。presentlastnightwerestudents.答案：Notallthesingers.However,peoplefromplaceslikeSpai