新一代大学英语综合教程2-U4(含课后习题答案)课件

新一代大学英语综合教程2-U4ppt(含课后习题答案)课件1KindnessandIndifferenceUnit4Book2KindnessandIndifferenceUnit42Unit4Book2iPrepare

AiExplore

BiProduce

CUnit4Book2iPrepareAiExplore301iPrepare

KindnessandIndifference01iPrepareKindnessandIndiff4PrepareAtpresent,manypeoplecriticizethattheChinesesocietyisfulfilledwithindifferenceandnobodyiswillingtohelpothers,especiallythestrangersinthestreet.However,somepeoplesaythatwehaveexperiencedthecasesthatstrangersaskingforhelpdesperatelyyetturningtoberobbersandthievesandswindlingthekind-heartedpeople.Andnow,therearemanyfraudgangsextortmoneyinthenameofbeggingsothatpeopledonottrustbeggarsasbefore.What'syourviewonthistopic?Shouldwebegeneroustoopenourhearttothestrangers,giveahandtothosehelpless?Whyorwhynot?PrepareAtpresent,manypeople5Prepare-ScenariosScenario1Watchthethefollowingvideoanddiscusswithyourpartners:Whydidn'tthepassersbyhelp?Ifyouhadbeenoneofthepassersby,whatmighthaveyoudone?Arepeoplewillingtohelpstrangersatall?Prepare-ScenariosScenario16Prepare-ScenariosScenario2Watchthethefollowingvideoanddiscusswithyourpartners:Whathappened?Whatdoyouknowabout“thebystandereffect”mentionedinthevideo?Prepare-ScenariosScenario2W7Prepare-ScenariosScenario3YouareparticipatinginaninternationalyouthforumheldinBeijing.Thethemeisaboutyoungpeople'ssocialresponsibilities.SincetheYueyueincidentisamuch-discussedtopic,youplantogiveapresentation,explainingwhypeopleeasilyfallintothepitof“thebystandereffect”andhowtheycanescapefromit.StructureContentLanguagePrepare-ScenariosScenario38Prepare-IdentifyingthegapsReviewing&DiscussingDidIknowwhattosayaboutthescenarios?DidIexpresswhatIwantedtosay?WhatdoIneed?WhatshouldIdo?Prepare-Identifyingthegaps9Prepare-IdentifyingthegapsIdentifypossibledifficultiesDoIhaveenoughknowledgeaboutkindnessandindifference?CanIexpresswhatIwanttosayinEnglish?DoIknowhowtodiscribeanincidentfromabystander'sperspective?DoIknowhowtowriteanopinionpost?InformationgapLanguagegapSkillgapPrepare-Identifyingthegaps10Prepare-LearningobjectivesDuringthelearningofthisunit,youwillbeableto:1.Describethebystander'spsychologicalreactionstoanemergency;2.Discusswhymanypeopledonothelpinemergenciesandhowtoencouragethemtohelp;3.Explainwhyhumansarewillingtohelpothers,evenstrangers,fornoreward.Prepare-LearningobjectivesD11Prepare-LearningobjectivesWriteanopinionpost:

HelpinginemergenciesUponcompletionofthisunit,youwillberequiredto:Prepare-LearningobjectivesW1202iExplore1

KindnessandIndifference02iExplore1KindnessandIndi13Explore1-ViewingWatchavideoclipanddiscussthefollowingquestions.WhydidnobodycometohelpwhennoticingPeterlyingonthegroundforover20minutes?Whatarethetwoconflictingrulesthatmayinfluencebystanders'decisiononwhethertohelp?WhydidthewomannothelpRuthatthebeginningbutlatergiveherahand?Explore1-ViewingWatchavid14Explore1-ViewingSampleHelpingwillbeinconvenientorevenrisky.Oneistherule“weoughttohelp.”Theotheristherule“weoughttodowhateverybodyelseisdoing.”Atthebeginning,sheconformstotherule“Weoughttodowhateverybodyelseisdoing,”thatis“Nottointervene,nottogetinvolved.”Butlater,shefindsamanisofferingRuthhelp,soshefollows.Explore1-ViewingSampleHelpi1502iExplore1

KindnessandIndifference02iExplore1KindnessandIndi16Explore1-ReadingWhydopeoplehesitatetohelpinemergencies?Whatisthebystandereffect?Arethereotherpossiblereasons?Explore1-ReadingWhydopeop17Explore1-ReadingExplore1-Reading18Explore1-ReadingThebystandereffectThebystandereffectExplore1-ReadingThebystand19Explore1-Identifyingandsynthesizinginformation1.Accordingtothetext,howdopeoplereacttodifferentemergencysituations?Readthefirstfiveparagraphsandcompletethetable.Situations1)apleasant/sunnyfallafternoon2)aparkinglot3)strangers;4)one7)acouple;8)one10)acouple;11)afewBystanders'reactions5)assistance;6)659)19%12)muchlesslikely;13)they'realoneConclusion14)lowersthelikelihood;15)becomeinvolvedExplore1-Identifyingandsy20Explore1-IdentifyingandsynthesizinginformationAdditionalactivity:PairworkPleasedecidewhetheryouwouldinterveneinthesituationsdescribedinthetextandexplainwhyorwhynot?Explore1-Identifyingandsy21Explore1-Identifyingandsynthesizinginformation2.ReadParas.6-16andcompletethefollowingdiagramtoanalyzetheinfamouscaseofthemurderofKittyGenovesein1964.Explore1-Identifyingandsy22Explore1-IdentifyingandsynthesizinginformationgrabbedscreamedwentonopenedstabbedhelpshoutedalarmedwentoutreturnedstabbedscreamedwentonopenedalarmeddroveoffstruggledcameathirddiedcalledExplore1-Identifyingandsy23ThecrimesceneExplore1-IdentifyingandsynthesizinginformationThecrimesceneExplore1-Ide24Additionalinformation/the-murder-of-kitty-genovese/

formoreinformationaboutthiscase.Explore1-IdentifyingandsynthesizinginformationAdditionalinformationhttp://w25Trytoretellthecasewiththehelpofthefollowingwords:Thefirstattack:barmanager,parkinglot,notice,policecallbox,grab,scream,lights(on),stabbed,shrieked,shouted,alarmed…Thesecondattack:lights(out),returned,struggling,stabbed,screamed,lights(on),windowsopened,droveoff…Thethirdattack:returned,slumpedonthefloor,stabbed,fatally…AdditionalactivityExplore1-IdentifyingandsynthesizinginformationTrytoretellthecasewithth26Explore1-Identifyingandsynthesizinginformation3.Whatarethemostimportantfactorsinunderstandingthereactionsofbystanderstoemergencies?ReadParas.17-22andcheck(✓)therightexplanations.✓✓✓✓Explore1-Identifyingandsy27Explore1-Identifyingandsynthesizinginformation4.Whatisthevalueoftheresearchonthebystandereffect?Readthelastparagraphanddiscussthefollowingquestions.What’stheimportanceofknowingtheresearchfindingsonthebystandereffect?Whatwillyoudoifyouwitnessanemergencywithagroupnexttime?Why?Explore1-Identifyingandsy28Explore1-Identifyingandsynthesizinginformation2.NexttimeifI’mfacedwithanemergencywithagroup,I’lltakeaction.Theprincipleofmoraldiffusiontellsusthateverybodyiswaitingforsomeoneelsetodosomethingfirst.SoifItakeaction,othersmayalsohelp.

1.Themoreweknowabouthowbystandersreacttoanemergency,thebetterthechancesthatwewilltakeappropriateactionwhenfacedwithone.Forinstance,knowingaboutmoraldiffusionmakesiteasierforustoescapeit.

SampleExplore1-Identifyingandsy29Explore1-LanguagePoints1.Theyfearpossibledangertothemselvesorgettingcaughtupinasituationthatcouldleadtocomplicatedandtime-consuminglegalproceedings.(Para.2,Sentence3) getcaughtupinsth.:

tobecomeunexpectedlyinvolvedinanunpleasantorannoyingsituation遭遇，陷入（困境） e.g.

Hegotcaughtupintheclashbetweenthesetwocompanies.Explore1-LanguagePoints1.302.Inmorethan50studiesinvolvingmanydifferentconditions,oneoutcomehasbeenconsistent:Bystandersaremuchlesslikelytogetinvolvedwhenotherwitnessesarepresentthanwhentheyarealone.(Para.4,Lastsentence)witness:

n.[C]someonewhoseesacrimeoranaccidentandcandescribewhathappened见证人；目击者e.g.

Witnessestothecrashsaytheyheardanexplosionjustbeforethedisaster.v.[T]toseesth.happen,esp.acrimeoraccident,becauseyouarepresentwhenithappens目击，亲眼看见（尤指罪行或事故发生）e.g.

Policeareappealingtoanydriverwhomaywitnessedtheaccident.Explore1-LanguagePoints2.Inmorethan50studiesinv313.In1964intheboroughofQueensinNewYorkCity,Catherine“Kitty”Genovese,28,wasbrutallymurderedinashockingcrimethatoutragedthenation.(Para.7)1)brutally:ad.cruellyandviolently野蛮地；残暴地e.g.Herrealparentshadbeenbrutallymurdered.2)outrage:vt.tomakesomeoneextremelyangryandshocked使震怒；激怒e.g.Manypeoplehavebeenoutragedbysomeofthethingsthathavebeensaid.Explore1-LanguagePoints3.In1964intheboroughofQ324.Hefoundherslumpedontheflooratthefootofthestairsandstabbedheragain,thistimefatally.(Para.15,Sentence2)slump:v.tofallorleanagainstsomethingbecauseyouarenotstrongenoughtostand(因无力站立而)倒下，倚，靠e.g.Sheslumpedintoachaironhearingthebadnews.Explore1-LanguagePoints4.Hefoundherslumpedonthe335.ResearchconductedsincetheGenovesemurderindicatesthatthefailureofthebystanderstogetinvolvedcan’tbesimplydismissedasasymptomofanuncaringsociety.(Para.17,Sentence1)dismiss:

vt.toputofforaway,especiallyfromconsideration(从头脑中)去除；不再考虑e.g.Hedismissedthestoryasarumor.Thissentencecanbeparaphrasedlikethis:ResearchconductedaftertheoccurrenceofGenovesemurderindicatedthatwecannotsimplyregardthebystander’sfailuretogetinvolvedinemergenciesasasignofanindifferentsociety.Thewriterhereimpliesthatthebystandereffectinvolvesacomplexsetofpsychologicalfactors.Explore1-LanguagePoints5.Researchconductedsinceth346.Firstisthelevelofambiguityinvolvedinthesituation.(Para.19,Sentence1)ambiguity:n.[C,U]thestateofbeingunclear,confusingornotcertain,orthingsthatproducethiseffect模棱两可；不明确（的事务）Explore1-LanguagePointse.g.Astudyfoundlackofworkgroupsupport,roleambiguityandpoorsupervisionwererelatedwithoccupationalstress.6.Firstisthelevelofambig357.Bystandersareafraidtoendangerthemselvesorlookfoolishiftheytakethewrongactioninasituationtheyarenotsurehowtointerpret.(Para.19,Sentence2)interpret:

vt.tounderstandanaction,situation,etc.inaparticularway理解e.g.Iinterpretedhissilenceasarefusal.Thissentencecanbeparaphrasedlikethis:Bystandersfearthattheymightputthemselvesindangerormakethemselveslookstupidiftheyactwronglywhentheydon’tknowhowtounderstandasituation.Explore1-LanguagePoints7.Bystandersareafraidtoen368.Whenamemberofthegroupisabletoescapethecollectiveparalysisandtakeaction,othersinthegrouptendtoactaswell.(Para.22,Sentence4)1)escape:

v.togetawayfromaveryunpleasantsituation摆脱e.g.Manypeopleinthiscountryarestilltryingtoescapepoverty.2)paralysis:

n.[U]thestateofbeingcompletelyunabletooperatenormallyoreffectively瘫痪状态；停顿e.g.Theparalysisoftheleadershipleavesthearmywithoutitssupremecommand.Explore1-LanguagePoints8.Whenamemberofthegroup37Explore1-BuildingyourlanguageWordsandexpressions1.criminal/medical;infamous;shocking;comeacross;observe;facedwith.2.take,acion;offerassistance;intervenein;wasreluctanttogetinvolved;beafraidtoendangerthemselves;feargettingcaughtupin.Explore1-Buildingyourlang38Explore1-BuildingyourlanguageWordsandexpressions3.psychologicalfactors;endangerhimself;getinvolvedin;takeaction;Thenationwasoutragedby...;interpretanevent.Explore1-Buildingyourlang39Explore1-Preparingforthestructure1Analyzethestructureofthefollowingpassagebyfillingintheblanksintherightcolumn.Describetheincident;Describethebystander'sreactions;Indicatetheconsequence.Explore1-Preparingforthe40Explore1-Preparingforthestructure2Completethefollowingtablewithinformationfromthepassage.What'shappening?inaweWhatshouldIdo?ShouldIhelp?shockedIcouldn'tgetmyselfintotroubleorgethurt.terrifiedExplore1-Preparingforthe41Explore1-PreparingforthestructureUsefulexpressionsDescribetheincidentAmanandwomanarewrestlingwitheachother.Attemptingtofightthemanoff,shescreams……wasbrutallymurderedinashockingcrimethatoutragedthenation.Thecrimebegan……’sdesperatecriesforhelpwereheard.…wassurroundedby…Heshouted,“Leavemealone!”Theassailantgrabbedhimandstabbedhim.Explore1-Preparingforthe42Explore1-PreparingforthestructureUsefulexpressionsDescribethebystander’sreactionThesightofthebloodmademestop.WhatshouldIdo?ShouldIhelp?ButIwassoshockedthatmybrainwentblank.Thethoughtof…terrifiedme.Ican’tgetmyselfintotroubleorgethurt.Ifeargettingcaughtupin…I’mafraidtoendangermyself.Idon’twanttogetinvolved.Idon’twanttointervenein…Explore1-Preparingforthe43Explore1-PreparingforthestructureUsefulexpressionsIndicatetheconsequenceNotuntil…didIrealize…Ilearnedfrom(thenewspaper)that…Ifeltveryregretful.Icouldhavehelped,butIdidn’t.Explore1-Preparingforthe44Explore1-AssignmentsUnitProjectGetfamiliarwiththematerialsofiProduce,theassignmentwillbecheckednextclassintheformofclassreportabout:whattheunitprojectisabout;whatyouhavealreadyprepared;whatyoustillneedtofinishtheproject.Explore1-AssignmentsUnitPr45Explore1-AssignmentsSupposeyouwereoneofthewitnessestotheGenovesecase,writea250-wordaccountofthecasefromabystander'sperspective(i.e.,inthetoneofabystander).

SharingyourideasPayspecialattentionto:Structure:Language:Trytousenewlylearnedexpressions.

Handinyourscriptnexttime.Describetheincident;Describethebystander'sreactions;Indicatetheconsequence.Explore1-AssignmentsSuppose46Explore1-Assignments

SharingyourideasAdoptarolefromthefollowingones:Role1:Youareamotherofthree.Yourhusbandwasnotathome.Youheardthescream.Youwereworriedthatthenoisemightwakeyourkidsup.

Role2:Youweresleepingtightwithyourhusband.Youheardthescream.Yourhusbandwantedtodosomething.Youdidn’twanthimtogetinvolved.

Role3:Youareagirlandyoulivealone.Thescreamterrifiedyou.Yourmindwentblankandyoudidn’tdoanything.

Role4:Youandyourwifethoughtitwasalover’squarrel.

Role5:Youdidn’tknowwhatreallyhappened.Sincetheothersdidn’tdoanything,neitherdidyou.Explore1-AssignmentsSharin47Explore1-AssignmentsPeerinterviewWorkinpairsandconductapeerinterview.Youwilltaketurnstointervieweachother:Ifyouarefacedwithanemergency,whatwouldyoudo？Theinterviewwillbecheckedrandomlynexttime.Thefollowinginterviewquestionsareforyourreference.Wouldyouinterveneincriminalormedicalemergenciesifyoucomeacrossone?Explore1-AssignmentsPeerin48Thefollowinginterviewquestionsareforyourreference.Wouldyouofferanysortofassistancewhenyousawanoldmancollapsinginfrontofyou?Doyoufearpossibledangertoyourselfwhenyougetinvolvedinemergencysituations?Doyoufeargettingcaughtupinlegalproceedingswhenyouinterveneinanemergency?Areyoumorereluctanttogetinvolvedwhenotherwitnessesarepresentthanwhenyouarealone?Why?Explore1-AssignmentsPeerinterviewThefollowinginterviewquesti49ReviewingReviewiExplore1tofindout:Whydopeoplehesitatetohelpinemergencies?Whatisthebystandereffect?Explore1-AssignmentsReviewingExplore1-Assignment5003iExplore2

KindnessandIndifference03iExplore2KindnessandIndi51Explore2-DiscussionReadeachofthefollowingdescriptionsofexperimentsandjudgewhichwouldbetheobservedresultineachcase.Giveyourexplanations.SampleExperiment1:AIhaveobservedkids’behaviorbefore.Theyalwayspickupdroppeditems.SoIthinkthekidsinthisexperimentmightalsopickupthedroppeditems,eventhoughtheyarenotaskedtodoso.Explore2-DiscussionReadeac52Explore2-DiscussionReadeachofthefollowingdescriptionsofexperimentsandjudgewhichwouldbetheobservedresultineachcase.Giveyourexplanations.SampleExperiment2:BIhaveseenmonkeysfightingwitheachotherforfood,soIdon’tthinkachimpanzeewillsharethebananawithothers.Experiment3:BOnceinasafariparkIfoundamothermonkeyfedherselfmorethanshefedherbaby.Soitseemsthatanimalmothersarenotasunselfishashumanmothers.Explore2-DiscussionReadeac5303iExplore2

KindnessandIndifference03iExplore2KindnessandIndi54Explore2-ReadingWhetherhelpingstrangersoutofgoodwillisinourhumannature?Explore2-ReadingWhetherhel55Explore2-ReadingExplore2-Reading56Explore2-ReadingExplore2-Reading57Explore2-Identifyingandsynthesizinginformation

1.Howdohumansdifferfromanimalsingivinghelp?Readthefirstthreeparagraphsandcheck(✓)thetruestatements.Whatexperimentshaveshown:1.Chimpanzeesarereluctanttosharefoodwithnon-relatives,butsuchselfishnessdoesnotexistbetweenmothersandtheirbabies.2.Animalsmayhelpeachother,buttheobservationsofhelpingaresporadicandopentoalternativeinterpretations.3.Eighteen-month-oldchildrenwillhelpstrangersspontaneouslywithoutbeinggivenareward.Explore2-Identifyingandsy58Explore2-Identifyingandsynthesizinginformation

1.Howdohumansdifferfromanimalsingivinghelp?Readthefirstthreeparagraphsandcheck(✓)thetruestatements.Howhelpingisshaped:4.Domesticatedanimalsmaylearnhelpingduringtheircaptivityasdomesticationchangestheirbrainsandbehavior.5.Rewardingchildrenisaneffectivewaytotrainthemtohelpothersbecausechildrenareinclinedtobeinducedbyobviousgainlikecandies.6.Childrenareunlikelytobetrainedtohelpbecauseitisinhumannature.Explore2-Identifyingandsy59Explore2-Identifyingandsynthesizinginformation

1.Howdohumansdifferfromanimalsingivinghelp?Readthefirstthreeparagraphsandcheck(✓)thetruestatements.Whatmotivateshelping:7.Non-humanprimatesappeartocooperate,andtheythinkofhelpingasaselflessact.8.Animalsmayworkincollaboration,buttheirhelpingmaynotbeaselflessactbutastrategytobenefitthemselves.9.Humanshelpothersoutofgoodwillwithneitherimmediatebenefitnorfuturerewardtothemselves.Explore2-Identifyingandsy60Explore2-Identifyingandsynthesizinginformation

2.Whydohumanshelpotherswhenthereisnoobviouspayoff?ReadParas.4-6andcompletethefollowingdiagrambyfillingintheblanks.thegoodnessofheartswarmglowpleasurecenterscriticismfromothersselfishpeople'sbehaviorExplore2-Identifyingandsy61Explore2-Identifyingandsynthesizinginformation

3.HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheexperimentconductedbyErnstFehrandSimonGächterwithregardtopeople'smotivestohelpothers?Readthelasttwoparagraphsandcompletethefollowingoutline.Theresearchpurpose1)motivesParticipants2)adultsProcedures3)tokenswithmoney 4)kept 5)acollectivepot 6)contribute 7)benefits 8)freeloaders 9)anonymously 10)whocontributewhat 11)thechance 12)contributedsufficiently 13)imposethefineResults14)punishfreeloaders 15)cameatacost16)changed 17)contributemoreExplore2-Identifyingandsy62Explore2-Languagepoints1.Animalscanhelpothermembersoftheirownspecies,buttheobservationsofhelpinginnon-humanprimatesaresporadicandopentoalternativeinterpretationsthatdividethescientificcommunity.(Para.1,Sentence7)1)sporadic:a.(ofsimilarthingsoroccurrences)appearingorhappeningatirregularintervalsintime间断发生的；零星的e.g.Thesoundofsporadicshootingcouldstillbeheard.2)interpretation:

n.[C,U]anexplanationofthemeaningorimportanceofsomething解释；阐释e.g.TheoppositionConservativePartyputadifferentinterpretationonthefigures.Explore2-Languagepoints1.63Thissentencecanbeparaphrasedlikethis:

Animalscanhelpothermembersoftheirownkind,butresearchershaveobservedthathelpinginanimalsotherthanhumansisscarceandcanbeexplainedinotherways.Thescientificcommunityholdsdifferentinterpretationstowardanimals’helping.Explore2-Languagepoints1.Animalscanhelpothermembersoftheirownspecies,buttheobservationsofhelpinginnon-humanprimatesaresporadicandopentoalternativeinterpretationsthatdividethescientificcommunity.(Para.1,Sentence7)Thissentencecanbeparaphras64Explore2-Languagepoints2.Wheneverweseedomesticatedanimalsperformingfeatsthatarenotobservedregularlyintheirnaturalhabitat,wehavetoaskwhetherthoseabilitiesarepartoftheirrepertoireorratherdemonstrationsofthepoweroflearningandexpectations.(Para.2,Sentence2)domesticate:vt.totrainananimaltolivewithorworkforhumans驯养e.g.Ourancestorshavedomesticatedthedogtohelpuswithhunting.Thissentencecanbeparaphrasedlikethis:

Anytimewhenweobservedomesticatedanimalsmakeimpressiveachievementswhichwenormallydonotseeintheirnaturallivingsurroundings,weneedtoaskwhetherthoseabilitiescomefromtheirnatureoraretheresultsoflearningandtraining.Explore2-Languagepoints2.65Explore2-Languagepoints3.Thekindnessofstrangersremindsusthathumansareanaltruisticspecieswillingtohelpothersevenwhenthereisnoobviouspayoff.

(Para.4,Sentence4)1)altruistic:

a.thinkingorbehavinginawaythatshowsyoucareaboutotherpeopleandtheirinterestsmorethanyoucareaboutyourself利他的；利他主义的e.g.Altruisticspiritshouldbecultivatedbyusvigorously.2)payoff:n.[C]anadvantageorprofitthatyougetasaresultofdoingsomething收益；回报e.g.Withelectriccarsthereisabigenvironmentalpayoff.Explore2-Languagepoints3.66Explore2-Languagepoints4.Twofamouseconomists,ErnstFehrandSimonGächterdevelopedacunninggametotestpeople’smotivestohelpthegroup.(Para.5,Sentence2)1)cunning:

a.behaviororactionsthatarecunning,dishonestandunfair,andareusedtogetwhatyouwant（行为或动作）狡诈的，狡猾的e.g.Mr.Whitehasgotacunningplantosolvethisproblem.2)motive:n.[C]thereasonyoudosomething缘由；动机e.g.Policehaveruledoutrobberyasamotiveforthekilling.Explore2-Languagepoints4.67Explore2-Languagepoints5.Theyhadteamsofadultsplayagamewheretheyweregiventokensworthmoneythattheycouldeitherkeeporputintoacollectivepotasaninvestmentthatwouldbepaidouttoeveryoneirrespectiveofwhethertheycontributedtothepotornot.(Para.5,Sentence3)irrespectiveof:ifyousaythatsomethinghappensorshouldhappenirrespectiveofaparticularthing,youmeanthatitisnotaffectedorshouldnotbeaffectedbythatthing不考虑…的；不顾…的；不受…影响的e.g.Thisserviceshouldbeavailabletoeverybody,irrespectiveofwhethertheycanaffordit.Explore2-Languagepoints5.68Explore2-Languagepoints6.Thebeststrategyisforeveryonetocontribute,butsomeonewhowantstogetthemostoutofgame–inotherwords,tobeafreeloader–shouldnotcontributeanyoftheirownmoneyandjustreapbenefitsofalltheotherplayerswillingtomakeacontribution.(Para.5,Sentence4)freeloader:n.[C]someonewhoexpectstogetfood,money,oraplacetostayfromsomeoneelse,withoutgivinganythinginreturn吃白食的人；揩油的人e.g.Whenthecaterpillarfinallymatures,twoantspeciesrecognizetheirmistakeandkillthefreeloader,butathirdantleavesitunharmed.Explore2-Languagepoints6.69Explore2-Languagepoints7.Weprefertopunishtransgressorsevenwhenitcomesatacosttoourselves,butthatpunishmenteventuallychangesselfishpeople’sbehavior.(Para.6,Lastsentence)transgressor:n.[C]atransgressorissomeonewhohasbrokenaparticularruleorlaworhasdonesomethingthatisgenerallyconsideredunacceptable违犯者；违反者e.g.Asheisthefirsttransgressor,heseesnohopesofpardon.Explore2-Languagepoints7.70Explore2-BuildingyourlanguageWordsandexpressions1.benefitsgainpayoffactsofkindnessoutofgoodwillaselflessactthegoodnessofmyheart2.thefearofcriticismimposeafinecomesatacostlendahandtopromotealtruismmotivestohelpExplore2-Buildingyourlang71Explore2-BuildingyourlanguageWordsandexpressions3.d eacbopentoalternativeinterpretations;irrespectiveof;lendahandto;actsofkindness;outofgoodnessofourhearts.

Explore2-Buildingyourlang72Explore2-AdditionalactivityFindthreeotherwordsinPara.1&4meaning“reward”.__________________________

FindthephraseinPara.1meaning“canbeexplainedindifferentways”.______________________________FindthewordinPara.2meaning“cooperation”._____________WordgamebenefitgainpayoffopentoalternativeinterpretationscollaborationExplore2-Additionalactivit73Explore2-AdditionalactivityFindthewordinPara.3meaning“asmallpieceoffood”.________FindthewordinPara.5meaning“withoutbeingnamedoracknowledged”._____________FindthephraseinPara.6meaning“beingpunishedbybeingorderedtopayasumofmoney”._____________WordgamemoreselanonymouslyimposeafineExplore2-Additionalactivit74Explore2-AssignmentsSharingyourideasYouareparticipatinginadebate.Themotionis:Helpingstrangersoutofgoodwillisinourhumannature.Workinpairs.Oneofyouwillargueforthismotionandtheotheragainstthismotion.Eachoneofyouwillhaveoneminutetomakeyourspeech.Yourdebatewillbecheckedrandomly.Handinthescriptofyourdebatenextclass.Explore2-AssignmentsSharin