雅思语法-课件

英语语法学习GrammarForIELTS英语语法学习GrammarForIELTS1没有语法基础（1）阅读中读不懂长难句（2）听力中听不懂长难句（3）口语中讲不出有高水平语法结构的话

(4)写作中只懂写简单句，不懂复合句或长难句没有语法基础2雅思阅读雅思阅读并列句定语从句状语从句名词性从句IELTS6TOTAL102111104165IELTS7TOTAL9911294101雅思阅读雅思阅读并列句定语从句状语从句名词性从句IELTS3雅思写作雅思写作并列句定语从句状语从句名词性从句（主宾表同）200915873620081791039雅思写作雅思写作并列句定语从句状语从句名词性从句（主宾表同）4Grammar&vocabularyGrammar无规矩不成方圆Vocabulary巧妇难为无米之炊Reading＞＞＞WritingListening＞＞＞SpeakingGrammar&vocabularyGrammar5语法的主流趋势请发email给我喂狗喝水我流口水了点燃希望你不要骗我

EmailmepleaseWaterthedogMymouthiswateringlightupthedarknessDon’tClintonme.动词化语法无绝对，词性无绝对语法学习要建立语境意识语法的主流趋势请发email给我Emailmeplea6我要喝点东西。Iwantadrink.awater,abeer,acoffee创新是必须的。Innovationisamust.

语法在“进化”

语法的主流趋势我要喝点东西。语法的主流趋势71.句子成分：主谓宾+定状补

2.简单句：五大基本句型

3.并列句4.复合句：宾语从句，定语从句，状语从句5.动词四类和五大基本时态1.句子成分：主谓宾+定状补8第一讲主要句子成分—主谓宾S+V+O

我爱你。Iloveyou.Iloveyou.Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语）

+Object（宾语）

第一讲主要句子成分—主谓宾S+V+O9主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语10Exercise:找出下列句子的主语Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.

WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.Therearemanychildreninthegarden.Whocares?

Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.

Exercise:找出下列句子的主语11Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.todo做主语打招呼很容易Tosayhelloiseasy.todo做主语，常用it做形式主语。Itiseasytosayhello.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.Toswimintheriverisagrea12WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.WhenwearegoingtohaveanE13WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.句子做主语=主语从句Thatheisstillaliveisawonder.Whethertheywouldsupportuswasaproblem.Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.Whatweneedismoney.

形式主语代主语从句Itis……WhenwearegoingtohaveanE14写作口语万能句型ItiseasytodoA,butyou’llfinditdifficulttodoB.恋爱容易，婚姻不易，且行且珍惜。生存容易，生活不易，且行且珍惜。学习容易，学懂不易，且行且珍惜。Beinginloveiseasy,beingmarriedisnot.Itistobecherished.--BBC写作口语万能句型15谓语--说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。找出下面句子的谓语He

drinksmilkeverymorning.Youjump,Ijump.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.Wearestudents.谓语--说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓16谓语可以是行为动词情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形

系动词如am,is,are及物动词，直接跟宾语，如eat,drink,know,play,watch不及物动词，可以不直接跟宾语，如jump,sit,stand,think,sleep,wait,die,fight,run,live谓语可以是及物动词，直接跟宾语，如eat,drink,k17谓语动词单一性原则：在一个句子中，有且只有一个

谓语动词Iamastudentstudyeconomics.(×)Iamastudentstudyingeconomics(√)非谓语动词：现在分词V-ing

过去分词V-ed(P.P.)

不定式todo谓语动词单一性原则：在一个句子中，有且只有一个谓语动词18宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语19Exercise:找出下列句子的宾语Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Hepretendednottoseeme.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.名词代词数词名词化形容词不定式短语动名词短语宾语从句Exercise:找出下列句子的宾语名词代词数词名词化形容20句子做宾语=宾语从句Theboybelievesme.Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.Iwonderwhether(if)theywillcometoourparty.Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.句子做宾语=宾语从句21将下列简单句改成宾语从句1.

Hehasgoneto

Hunan.

I

forgot

that_______

.

2.

She

said,“They

are

waiting

for

a

bus."

Shesaidthat__________________.3.

Whose

bag

is

it?

Do

you

know

_______

.

4.

What

will

you

do?

He

asked

_______

.

5.

Who

teaches

you

maths?

He

asked

me

_______

.

6.

I

have

seen

him.

I

remembedthat

_______

.

完成句子

1.

I

wanted

to

know_______________________________(她在和谁交谈)

2He

said_______________________________________(他以前见过我)

3

I'm

sorry

for__________________________________(我所做的事)

he

had

gone

to

Hunan.

they

were

waiting

for

a

bus.

whose

bag

it

is?what

you

would

do.

who

taught

me

maths.

I

had

seen

him.

whom

she

was

talking

with

he

had

seen

me

beforewhat

I

have

done将下列简单句改成宾语从句

he

had

gone

to

Hu224．

The

teacher

asked______________________________(谁能回答这个问题)

5．

Jane

said

that__________________________________(她将乘飞机去那里)

6．

I

wanted

to

know_______________________________(她是否有一些钱)

7．

We

haven't

decided____________________________(我们下一步该做什么)

8．

I

think

that

English

is___________________________(没有数学难)

9．

I‘m

not

sure___________________________________(明天天气是否晴朗)

10．He

asked

me__________________________________(是如何处理这件事的)

11．Do

you

know_________________________________(是否要下雨)

12．I

wanted

to

know______________________________(她是否来还是不来)who

could

answer

the

questionshe

would

go

there

by

plane

if/whether

she

had

any

moneywhat

we

should

do

nextnot

so

difficult

as

maths

whether

she

would

come

or

not

if

it

is

going

to

rain

what

I

did

with

the

matter

if/whether

it

will

be

sunny

tomorrow4．

The

teacher

asked__________23（1）

Lendme

yourdictionary,please.S+Vt+O1+O2双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）（2）

Theyelectedhim

theirmonitor.S+Vt+O+C复合宾语（宾语+宾补）（1）Lendmeyourdictionary,p24找出下面句子的宾语补足语HisfathernamedhimDongming.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Letthefreshairin.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.Wesawherenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.名词形容词副词不定式短语现在分词介词短语从句找出下面句子的宾语补足语名词形容词副词不定式短语现在分词介词25次要句子成分---定语定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：

Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）

Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）

HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）Thelastthingthatstudentswanttodoisperhapstotaketests.（定语从句）次要句子成分---定语26人物主语Who/thatWhich/that宾语Whom/who/thatWhich/that定语whoseWhose/ofwhich定语从句--关系代词人物主语Who/thatWhich/that宾语Whom/w27难点1HeisthemanthatIcandependon.HeisthemanonthatIcandepend.HeisthemanonwhomIcandepend.√×介词+关系代词构成介宾短语时，只能用介词+which/whom,不能用介词+that/whowhichTheworldthatweliveinismadeupofworries.Theworldin____weliveismadeupofworries.难点1√×介词+关系代词构成介宾短语时，whichThew28难点2常用that先行词被any,only,all,every,no,some,much,little,序数词，最高级，theonly修饰时用that

Theonlything_____Icandoiswaiting.我想指出的第一个原因是离婚率的不断提高ThefirstreasonthatIwouldliketopointoutistheeverincreasingdivorcerate.that难点2常用thatthat29难点3省略that关系代词在从句中作宾语可以省略，作主语时不可以WhathappenedtotheOreos(that)Ileftinthecounter?Afarmerputsanadvertisementinthenewspaper:“Ineedawifewhoownsatractor.Pleasesendpictureoftractor.”雅思语法-课件30定语从句--关系副词When,where,how,why,在从句中作状语Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.ThisisthedaywhenIfirstmether.Thisisthereasonwhyherefusedmyhelp.CouldyoutellmethewayhowIgettotheway-out?雅思语法-课件31写作高分句Childrentendtoimitatethewaytheirparentsthink,speak,actandfeel.1.Anorphanisachild_______parentsaredead.2.Theplace______wespentourhoneymoonwasfantastic.3.Idon’tknowthemanto_____Ispokeonthephone.4.Imetagirl_____knowsyou.whosewherewhomwhowhosewherewhomwho32非限制性定语从句限定性定语从句V.S非限制性定语从句无逗号，更像定语有逗号，更像补语从句与先行词之间关系松散，从句删去，先行词不受影响Samhastwodogs,whoarebothhushpuppies.Christinalikescooking,whichIamgladtohear.

雅思语法-课件33口语高频句型…，whichmeans……,whichsays……,whichisgreat…写作高分句型Prisonsaresetuptocombatcrime,whichisbeyondanydoubt.雅思语法-课件34状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：

Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）

Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）

Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）

Waitaminute.（名词）

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）

次要句子成分---状语状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的35状语种类如下：

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）

Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件状语）

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语）

Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）状语种类如下：36总结1.S+Vt+O2.S+Vi3.S+Vi+prep+O4.S+系+表定语状语定语状语371.Peoplewhoworkforcharitableorganizationsusuallydosobecausetheywanttohelppeopleinneed.

在公益组织工作的人是为了帮助别人。

2.Animaltestingisabarbaricpracticethatdeprivesanimalsoftherightofsubsistence.动物实验是野蛮的做法，它剥夺了动物的生命权。3.

Geneticengineeringisasafeandpowerfultoolthatwillyieldunprecedentedresults,specificallyinthefieldofmedicine.基因工程是一种安全和威力强大的工具，将产生史无前例的成效，特别是在医学领域。Exercises翻译以下句子1.Peoplewhoworkforcharitab384.OnereasonwhyIsupportthebuildingofamoderngymisthatphysicaleducationclassisveryimportanttothewell-beingofstudents.我支持兴建一座现代化体育馆的理由是，体育课对学生的健康是非常重要的。5.This,asaresult,hasmadedirectface-to-facehumancontactlessandlessnecessary,whichhasledtohumanrelationshipsbecomingmoreconfusing.结果，这也导致人们面对面接触的机会越来越少，从而使人们的关系越来越淡漠。6.Weshouldtakeprideinourculturallegacyhandedfromourancestors,whichreflectsourbrillianthistoryandrichculture.我们应该为祖先流传下来的文化遗产感到自豪，它们反映了我们璀璨的历史和丰富的文化。雅思语法-课件397.那些反对强制退休制度的人持有以下理由。（mandatoryretirement）Thosepeoplewhoareagainstmandatoryretirementhavethefollowingreasons.8.传统学校提供一些文化和体育活动，这些是在家接受教育的小孩所没有的。Traditionalschoolsofferculturalandsportsactivitiesthatthehome-schooledchildwillmissouton.9.博物馆是游客体验当地文化和了解当地历史的好地方。Amuseumisagoodplacewheretouristscanappreciatethelocalcultureandbetterunderstandthelocalhistory.10.许多政府禁止克隆人是因为克隆人不合伦理道德。(morallywrong)Thereasonwhymanygovernmentsbanhumancloningisthatitismorallywrong.11.这就是许多人强烈反对城市禁养宠物的原因。Thisisthereasonwhymanypeoplearestronglyagainstthebanonpetsinbigcities.7.那些反对强制退休制度的人持有以下理由。（mandato40第二讲简单句五大句子结构S十V主谓结构

S十V十O主谓宾结构

S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构

S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构S十V十P主系表结构

说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语第二讲简单句五大句子结构S十V主谓结构

S十V十O主谓宾结41主系表结构I

am

aboy.Predicative(表语)：用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态，可以由名词、形容词，分词或介词短语等充当，说明主语是什么或怎么样Linkingverb(系动词):有时态，接表语状态系动词be,seem,appear,keep,remain,stay,prove,turnout)

动态系动词(get,fall,grow,turn,go,become…)

感官系动词（sound,look,taste,smell,feel)主系表结构Iamaboy.状态系动词be,seem,a42be动词be一般现在时一般过去时现在完成时一般将来时amwashavebeen(‘vebeen)

willbe(‘llbe)ishasbeen(‘sbeen)arewerehavebeen(‘vebeen)be动词be一般现在时一般过去时现在完成时一般将来时amh43状态变化系动词状态变化系动词用法习惯搭配goturn表“颜色,职业,年龄,时间”等1.接单数名词时,单数名词前不接冠词

grow表成长,发展中的变化strong,tall,thick,healthyetc.fall表由动态到静态的转变ill,sick,silent,asleepetc.come表事物的发展转向好的状态true,aliveetc.run表发展的状态不是人们所希望的dry,short,wildetc.getbecome常用来指人或物的状态的变化become接名词时,名词前接冠词,gethurt,getpaid多指朝坏的方面变化,wrong,bad,mad,hungry,blindetc.状态变化系动词状态变化系动词用法习惯搭配goturngro44appear,seemHeseems/appears(tobe)verynervous.alive,alone,asleep,awake等形容词前加tobeIdidn’tgoinbecausesheappearedtobeasleep.(不用……appearedasleep)当某个名词说明主语是谁或是什么时，这个名词前要用tobe.Hewentthroughwhatappearedtobealockeddoor.-ing形式前面用tobeItseemstobegrowingrapidly.当我们就作为主语的人或者事发表意见时，常省略tobeSheseems(tobe)averyefficientsalesperson.appear,seem45become,get非正式讲话、祈使句、以及getbroken,get,dressed,getkilled,getlost,getmarried,getwashed等中，用getDon’tgetupsetaboutit!谈论某种抽象或者技术性变化过程时，多用becomeHebecamerecognisedastheleadingauthorityonthesubject.Theirbodieshavebecomeadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.系动词后面的名词描述某种工作上的变化，用becomeDrSmallmanbecameanadvisertotheUSgovernment.become,get46go,turn表示颜色变化时用go或者turnThetrafficlightsturned/wentgreenandIpulledaway.go常用来表示令人不快的变化gobad,gooff,gomouldy(食物发霉），godead,gomissing,gowrong,gomad,gocrazy某人到了某个年龄用turn,某种物质或东西变成另外一种事，用turnintoHeturnedsixtylastyear.Inmydreamallthesheepturnedintowolves.come,grow表示逐渐的变化,后接带to的不定式Ieventuallycame/grewtoappreciatehiswork.go,turn471.Whenwe_______up,we'regoingtohelpbuildupourcountry.2.Herface_______red.3.Themeat_______bad.5.Themachine______outoforder.6.Myfatherwassotiredthathe_____asleepquickly.7.Hehas_______anexcellentactor.=Hehas______excellentactor.8.Myson______6yearsoldinJuly.9.He____paidforteachingothers.10.Isawthatthegardenhad_____wild

growturnedwentgotfellcome,get,fall,grow,turn,go,become,runbecometurnedturnedgetsrun1.Whenwe_______up,we'regoin48表语的构成I

am

aboy.adj.我很幸运！n.我是个幸运儿！/今天是个礼物。pron.我是你！/这狗是Sam的。/Youaresomebody.prep./prep.+Object算我一个！/电视开着呢！我在北京。/这个礼物是给你的。/这个我请了。5.非谓语v.done/doing/todoHerwishwastobecomeanartist.Myjobisteaching.Thisdogisfrightening/frightened.表语的构成Iamaboy.496.从句写作口语万能句型Thetruthisthat……Thepointisthat……Theproblemisthat……Thethingisthat……ThetruthisIamtheIronMan.ThethingisthereisareasonwhyI’vebeenaloneallthetime.6.从句50第三讲并列句与复合句ThegirlsawKingkong.ThegirlfellinlovewithKingkong.ThegirlsawKingkongandfellinlovewithhim.由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

第三讲并列句与复合句ThegirlsawKingk51并列句的分类

①表并列。常用连词有and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等。

Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.Hecouldneitherreadnorwrite.Henotonlystudieshard,butalsolikessports.②表选择。常用连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.Eitheryoudidn’tunderstandthis,oryouwerenotcareful并列句的分类

①表并列。常用连词有and,notonl52③表转折。常用连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.Tomwasnottherebuthisbrotherwas(there).Therewasnonews,nevertheless,shewentonhoping.④表因果，常用连词有so,for,therefore等。Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Hehurried,foritwasgettingdark.Helikedthebookverymuch,soIgaveittohim③表转折。常用连词有but,still,however53复合句由两个或者两个以上有主谓结构的句子用从属连词连接起来的句子。其中一个句子是主体，叫主句，其他句子叫从句。包含：名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。从句就是一个从句在主句中充当一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。从句在句子中作什么成分就叫什么从句。复合句由两个或者两个以上有主谓结构的句子用从属连词连接起来的54第四讲动词四类与五大基本时态1.实义动词99%：及物动词Vt.+不及物动词Vi.2.系动词:3.情态动词我们可能会输的！

Wemustlose!我们输得起！

Wemaylose!我们必须输！Wecanlose!4.助动词AuxiliaryVerbcan,couldshall,shouldwill,wouldmay,mightmust(haveto)表达微妙情感，用法随时态变化一"be":isamare四"变":getbecometurngo五"感官":feeltastesmellsoundlook第四讲动词四类与五大基本时态1.实义动词99%：及55mustVShaveto1)must没有时态和人称变化强调主观要求，仅用于现在时和将来时2）haveto(havegotto)强调客观的要求或外在的原因，可以有任意时态比较：Youmustn’twaithere.(itisnotallowedtowaithere.)Youdon’thavetowaitforages.(itisnotnecessarytowait)mustVShaveto56needn’thavedonesth.didn’tneedtodosth.didn’thavetodosth.表示过去无需做某事，而事实上也没有做这件事时，用didn’tneedtodosth,didn’thavetodosth.ChrisandJunephonedtosaythattheycouldn’tcometoeat,soIdidn’tneedto/havetocookdinner.表示过去无需做某事，而事实上却做了，用needn’thavedonesth.Ineedn’thavecookeddinner.Justasitwasready,ChrisandJunephonedtosaythattheycouldn'tcometoeat.needn’thavedonesth.574.助动词AuxiliaryVerb自身没有词义，不可单独使用,用来构成时态和语态HedoesnotlikeEnglish.助动词的功能

表示时态IhavebeentoAmerica.构成疑问句Doyoulikecollegelife?与否定副词not合用，构成否定句Idonotlikesports.

加强语气Docometotheparty.4.助动词AuxiliaryVerb58五大基本时态1.一般现在2.一般过去3.现在完成4.一般将来5.现在进行五大基本时态59一般现在时经常或习惯性动作IuseInterneteveryday.常用频率副词always＞usually＞often＞sometimes＞never②表示状态Iamastudent.Doesyourfatherhavemanyfriends?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.③事实或者真理Thesunrisesintheeast.一般现在时60雅思小作文黄金句型Thegraph_____informationconcerningsalesandprofitsoftwomanufacturingcompanies.gives雅思小作文黄金句型gives61一般过去时表示过去特定时间的动作，与表示过去的时间状语连用Isleptforeighthourslastnight.前天7.这周今早8.上周今晚9.去年今夜10.前年昨夜11.五个小时以前前天夜里12.一个月前thedaybeforeyesterdaythismorningthiseveningtonightlastnightthenightbeforethatthisweeklastweeklastyeartheyearbeforelastfivehoursagoamonthago一般过去时thedaybeforethiswe62写作高分句TherewasasteepclimbinhousepricesduringthefirsthalfoftheyearTheyear2012_____asteepclimbinhouseprices.saw写作高分句saw63现在完成时have/has+done站在现在“回顾”过去①过去动作对现在的影响时间副词：yet,just,before,ever,neverrecently=lately,Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore.I’vejustarrivedbytrain.现在完成时64②过去的动作延续到现在时间段for+时间段since+时间段sofaruptillnow/presentinthepastfewyearstheseyearsHehasbeenmarriedsincelastJuly.Wehavebeeninloveforsevenyears.②过去的动作延续到现在65写作高分句……然而从2005年开始英国女性使用电脑的人数超过了男性。However,BritishwomenhasovertakenBritishmeninInternetusagesince2005.写作高分句66一般将来时预测，计划，愿意去做某事shall/will+doshall第一人称I或者we后will所有人称，缩略为’llshallnotwillnot=won’t预测will/begoingto意图打算begoingto意愿、当机立断的决定will一般将来时预测will/begoingto意图打算b67其他句型表一般将来时1.betodosth.Sheistobemarriednextmonth.2.beabouttodosth.正要，马上就要Thefoodisabouttobeserved.写作高分句Withoutadoubt,evengreaterchangesaregoingtohappenintechnologyusedintheworkplace.

其他句型表一般将来时68现在进行时一直或有时IdoPastNowFutureIamdoing现在说话的时刻现在进行时一直或有时PastNowFutureIamdo69常用时间状语now,atpresent,thesedaysTheheatwaveisapproaching.ComingsoonYouarenotgoing.常用时间状语70第五讲被动语态Ifireyou.Youarefired(byme).被动语态语态：主语与谓语动词之间的主客观关系的动词形式。主动语态：主语是动作的发出者“把”被动语态：主语是动作的承受着“被”结构：be+done第五讲被动语态Ifireyou71三种常见的被动语态一般现在时：am/is/are+doneKickingisprohibitedinthismatch.2.一般过去时：was/were+doneI’mafraidahugemistakewasmadehere.WhenIwaskidnapped,myparentssnappedintoaction.Theyrentedoutmyroom.3.进行时：bebeing+doneIambeginningtofeelIambeingforgotten.Thefarmersarecuttingdownthetreesonthehill.Thetreesonthehillarebeingcutdownbythefarmers.三种常见的被动语态724.情态动词被动语态Lifeislikemusic,itmustbecomposedbyear,feeling,andinstinct,notbyrule.作文高分句：纸书永远不会被电子书所取代。P-bookswouldnotbereplacedbye-books.5.完成时的被动语态have/had+beendoneThispathhasbeenplacedbeforeyou.Thechoiceisyoursalone.4.情态动词被动语态736.一些使役动词(let,have,make等)或感观动词(see,hear,watch,中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动时，要补上to。如：Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.Isawhimenterthehouse.Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday.[注意]当使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：

Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主动)Hewasseengoingintotheshop.(被动)6.一些使役动词(let,have,make等)74使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表主动语态被动语态使役动词makesbdosthsbbemadetodosthhavesbdosthsbbehadtodosthletsbdosthsbbelettodosth感观动词seesbdosthsbbeseentodosthwatchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosthhearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosthnoticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosthgo使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表主动语态被动语态使役动词m75第六讲动名词动词+ing=动名词我爱玩。Ilikeplaying.玩是宾语。玩貌似动词，实为名词玩貌似动词，可接宾语有动词属性，可接宾语可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语第六讲动名词动词+ing=动名词76动名词结构Beingdeeplylovedbysomeonegivesyoustrength;whilelovingsomeonedeeplygivesyoucourage.主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone动名词结构主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdon77写作高分句Somepeoplearguethatbeingeducatedathomewouldbegoodforchildren.写作高分句78①动名词做主语谓语动词用单数Gettingmadatothersmeansotherpeoplearegettingcontrolofyouremotions.It做形式主语1)Itisnouse/good/useless+doing…2)Itisawasteoftime+doing…3)Itisfun+doing…It’snousecryingoverspiltmilkThereisnojokingaboutthematter.Itisfunplayingwithchildren.①动名词做主语谓语动词用单数79②动名词做表语Myfavoritesportisplayingbasketball.③动名词做宾语Ican’timaginesayinggoodbyetoyou.避免，错过，（少）延期建议，完成，（多）练习喜欢，想象，禁不住承认，否定，（又）妒忌逃避，冒险，（多）原谅忍受，保持，（不）介意avoid,miss,postpone/putoffsuggest,finish,practiceenjoy,imagine,can’thelpadmit,deny,envyescape,risk,excusestand,keep,mind②动名词做表语避免，错过，（少）延期avoid,miss,80④动名词的完成式动名词的动作发生在主语的动作之前Samcongratulatedmeonhavingwonthespeechcontest.⑤动名词的否定式Iwasangryatnotbeingtoldthetruth.④动名词的完成式81黄金用法介词+动名词在句中做伴随、时间、原因、方式等状语常用介词：without,insteadof,before,after,for,by,onSamalwaysknocksbeforeenteringaroom.(时间）Samapologizedtomeforcominglate.(原因）黄金用法82Youwouldhonormebytranslating.Youwouldhonormebytranslat83写作高分句Banningactivitiesoftenincreasestheirpopularitybymakingthemseemmoreexciting.写作高分句84doingVStodo①意义相同start,begin,continue我是10年前开始学英语的。IbegantolearnEnglish10yearsago.=IbeganlearningEnglish10yearsago.②意义不同love,like,hateIlovedrinkingalltheday.Ilovetodrinkatthismoment.+doingsth.表示一种习惯=always+todo表示一次的行为=nowdoingVStodo+doingsth.表示一85黄金口语小句型Ihatetodosth.不想，不情愿Ihatetosaythis,butyouarewrong.Hatetobreakittoyou,but……黄金口语小句型861．remember/forgettodo动作尚未发生doing动作已经发生2.try

todo设法、努力去做，尽力doing试试去做（看有何结果）3.mean

todo打算做（主语一般是人）doing意味着（主语一般是物）4.regrettodo对将要做的事抱歉doing对已经发生的事感到后悔5.stoptodo停下去做另外一件事doing停止做手头的事情1．remember/forgettodo动作尚未发生d871.Thenewsthatourteamhadbeendefeatedwasdisappointed.2.Lucydosen’tmindtolendyouherMP3.3.Aftertakehismeasure,theydecidedtogivehimtheposition.4.Whichdoyouenjoyspendingyourweekend,

fishingorshopping?5.IstillremembertakentoShanghaiwhenIwasachild.disappointinglendingtakingtospendbeingCorrectthemistakesineachsentence.＾1.Thenewsthatourteamhadb886.Iamnotusedtobespokentolikethat.7.Wewouldappreciatetohearfromyousoon.8.Peoplesometimescan’thelptobuy

somethingtheywon’tneed.9.IcanhardlyimaginePetersailsacrosstheriver.10.Tonywasveryunhappyforhavingnotbeeninvitedtotheparty.beinghearingbuyingsailingnot

having6.Iamnotusedtobespoke89雅思语法-课件90雅思语法-课件91雅思语法-课件92雅思语法-课件93精读——句子结构分析和解析方法复合句:主句+从句主句单一性原则：在一个句子中，有且只有一个主句(从句可以有若干个)S+V+O,S+V+O(×)

SVO,and/butSVOSVO,引导词+SVO精读——句子结构分析和解析方法复合句:主句+从句94精读——句子结构分析和解析方法

三大从句：名词性从句：主语从句、同位语从句、强调句型形容词性从句：定语从句副词性从句：状语从句精读——句子结构分析和解析方法三大从句：95精读——句子结构分析和解析方法Ⅰ名词性从句（1）主语从句

结构：That+句子

how,why,when,who，whether+句子

what,whatever+句子

精读——句子结构分析和解析方法Ⅰ名词性从句96精读——句子结构分析和解析方法ExampleThattheancestorsofbirdsaredinosaursisknown

改写：Itisknownthattheancestorsofbirdsaredinosaurs.精读——句子结构分析和解析方法Example97将以下句子改为It开头Thathehasn’tphonedisodd.Whyheleftwasn’timportant.Whenhe’llbebackdependsmuchontheweather.Howitwasdonewasamystery.Whoistobesenttherehasn’tbeendecided.将以下句子改为It开头98翻译以下句子Whatyousaidisperfectlytrue.Whatisoverisover.Whatevershedidwasright.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.翻译以下句子99精读——句子结构分析和解析方法（2）同位语从句:

同位语：n1,n2→n1=n2

同位语从句s,n,v.o.→s,that引导从句,vo

e.g.Juliet,mybestfriend,istallerthanme.Thefact,thattheancestorofbirdsaredinosaurs,isknown.

可接同位语的名词多为抽象名词，如：

view,idea,suggestion,fact,reason,conclusion,doubt…….e.g.Thereisnodoubtthathewasafinescholar精读——句子结构分析和解析方法（2）同位语从句:100Test:Analyzethesentencestructure

(1)Thoughtheactualboundariesandsizesandshapesoftheplatesarenotknownforsure,ithasbeenpostulatedthattherearesixmajorplates.(2)ItisgenerallyacceptedthatthesinglesupercontinentknownasPangaeaindeedexisted,thatPanagaeasubsequentlybrokeapartintotwogiantpieces,GondwanalandinthesouthandLaurasiainthenorth,andthatthecontinentsattachedtothevariouscrystalplatesseparatedanddriftedinvariousdirections.Test:Analyzethesentencest101精读——句子结构分析和解析方法（3）强调句型:Itis……..that+SV/+VO①

.

注意强调句型的结构

“

It

is

/was

+

被强调部分

+

who/

that

+

其它部分”，此结构常译为“是……；……正是”。其特点是：去掉强调结构“

It

is

/

was

…

who

/

that…

”原句仍成立It