大学英语第一册UniFinalVersion

Unit

6Sam

Adams,Industrial

EngineerTeaching

GoalsTo

learn

some

useful

words

&

expressions;Toenlarge

vocabulary

byusing

un-,

in-,im-,il-,To

apply some

practical

language

structures;To

do

some

oral

and

listeningpractice;To

know

one

of

the

readingskills;ir-;To

know

the

function

of

subordinating

conjunctions.Teaching

StepsLead-in

Questions&

IntroductionInformation

Related

to

the

TextRead

Aloud

the

NewWordsComprehension

of

theTextExplanation

of

the

TextKey

to

the

ExercisesLead-in

QuestionsAre

you

a

well-organizedperson?Do

you

consider

yourself

an

efficient

person?How

would

you

arouse

your

hearers’

interest?What

could

we

do

to

stay

efficient?Are

you

a

goodlistener?There

are

more

complaints

than

suggestions?Information

Related

to

the

TextAmerican

educational

systemKindergarten

GradeGrade

05

years

oldElementary

schoolGrades

1-66-11years

oldJunior

highOr

middle

schoolGrades

7-812-13

yearsold(senior)

highschoolGrades

9-1214-17

years

oldcollegefour

years

for

a

B.A

(Bachelor

ofArts)

or

B.S.

degreeUniversity(2-3)

years

for

an

M.A.(Masterof

Arts)

or

M.S.

(Master

ofScience);2-8

years

for

a

Ph.

D

(Doctor

ofPhilosophy).New

Words

&

Expressionsefficiency, industrial,

elementary,

upper,

drawer,bureau,

underwear,

pants,

expert,

utensil,

foundation,

career,

engineering,

unfortunately,

bossy,

project,bachelor,

short-term,

consultant,

amaze,whatsoever,inspect,

shipment,

sleeve,

uncomfortable,

relieve,boring,

workroom,

furthermore,

irregular,

absent-minded,

assembly,

recognize,

shift,

daydream,observation,

oral,

findings,

inspection,

redesign,decrease,

worktable,

operator,

management,background,

beautify,

setting,

productive,

promotion,incentive, suggestion,

co-owner,complimentsUseful

ExpressionsEfficiency

wage工艺，工业美术Elementary

teacherUpper

class绩效工资Industrial

art小学教师上层社会擅长于，熟练于为…打下/奠定基Expert

at/on/in础Lay

the

foundationforFBIFederal

Bureau

of

InvestigationUseful

Expressions职业妇女Project

oneself单身未婚女子短期贷款CPPCCCareer

women突出/表现自己Bachelor

girlShort-term

loansChinese

People's

PoliticalConsultative

Conference着手做事Roll

up

one’s

sleeves缓解压力Relieve

pressureComprehension

of

theTextTrue

/FalseSam

liked

neatness

when

he

was

a

child.Sam

said

that

he

was

modest

enough

to take

others’

advice.Mr.

Hobbs

owned

a

big

and

efficient factory.Shirts

were

not

given

a

final

inspection in

thefactory.Comprehension

of

theTextThe

assembly

line

work

flow

was

regular.Sam

believed

that

the

plant’s

worktables were

too

low.During

his

first

week

in

the

factory,

Sam painted

pictures

on

the

wall.Mr.

Hobbs

was

not

pleased

with

Sam’s report

and

immediately

sent

him

away.PartdivisionPartsParasMain

Ideas11-5I

was

well-organized

andefficient(1-4),

but

a

bit

bossy(5).26-19Exemplification:

After

graduation,

I

worked

asashort-termconsultant(6).After

makingobservations

(7-10),

I

reported

my

findings

tothe

boss

(11-7)

andhe

thanked

me

(18-9).Paragraph

OneIf

you

ask

my

mother

how

I

happened

to

become

anindustrial

engineer,

she'll

tell

you

that

Ihavealways

been

one.…how

I

happened

to…:

what

led

meto;

how

it

came

about

that

I

(became)e.g.The

policemen

want

to

know

how she

happened

to

beon

the

spot. 警察想知道她怎么偏偏在这个地方。Industrial

engineerIndustrial

engineerIndustrial

engineerIndustrial

engineering

is

the

detailed

analysis

of

the

use

and

cost

of

men,materials

and

equipment

inanorganization,with

a

view

to

increasing

its

productivity,profit

and

efficiency.Those

who

areinvolved

in

this

kind

of

analysis

are

calledindustrial

engineers.IndustrialengineerAsforanindustrialengineerhisdutiesareprimarilytocoordinatepersonnel,materialsandmachineryanddeterminethemostproductiveandefficientuseofeach.ParagraphMeaning:如果你问我母亲，我怎么偏偏会成为一名工业管理工程师的，她就会告诉你，我一直就是这样一个人。ParagraphTwo:ShemeansthatIhavealwayswantedeverythingtobewellorganizedandneat.WhenIwasstillinelementaryschool,Ilikedtokeepmysocksintheupperlefthanddrawerofmybureau,myunderwearintheupperrightdrawer,shirtsinthemiddledrawer,andp恰ants,nearlyfolded,inthebottomdrawer.ParagraphTwo1.S酷he笔咬mea徒ns向架tha辱tI斥h李限ave饶奥alw评ay打sw茧a软ntedeverythingtobewellorganizedandneat.neat:adj.整洁的,灵巧的,优雅的e.g.aneatdesk整洁的书桌Catsareneatanimals.猫是爱整洁的动物Neat/tidyneat指“干净而整齐的”,含“细节不乱”的意思,如:aneathouse干净整齐的房间。tidy侧重“整齐、有条理的”,如:Shekeepsherroomtidy.她的房间保持得井然有序。ElementarySchoolBureau(AmE)Achestofdrawersforb藏edroomuse(卧室五斗柜)Bureau:agovernmentdepartmente.g.p被u淘bl绸ic同甜se端cur孕it摔yb反铃ur族eau估公安局a熊businessoffice,esp.onethatcollectsand/orkeepsfactse.g.aninformationbureau资料室，传达室ParagraphMeaning:她的莫意思割是说局，我石一贯娘希望骗把样衬样东苗西都钥安排特得井耳井有条，整整齐齐。还在上小学时，我就喜欢把袜子放滑在衣柜左上方的抽屉里，内衣放在右上方的抽屉

里，衬衫放在中间的抽屉里，叠得整整齐齐的裤子

放在最下面的抽屉里。ParagraphThree:Infact,Iwastheefficiencyexpertforthewholefamily.Iusedtoorganizemyfather'stools,mymother'skitchenutensils,mysister'sboyfriends.ParagraphThree“Efficiencyexpert”:noun+nounTherearemanyotherexamplesofsuchcombinationsinthetext.e.g.workflow,qualitycontrolinspecti椅on,assemblyline,machineoperatorParagraphThreeEfficiencytheabilitytodosth.Welln.效率，效能，功效e.g.Howtoraiseworkefficiencyisimportanttotheowner.对这位老板来说，如何提高工作效率很重要。

Efficiencyexpert效率专家

Laborefficiency劳动效率

Workefficiency工作效率ParagraphThreeEffective/efficientEffective和efficient都有“有效的”意思。Effective意为“有效的”，指能产生预期琴的或较长久的效果；efficient意为“效率高的”，“得力的”，有做事呀程起作用快而且好的含义。ParagraphThreeexpert:(n.)apersonwithspecialtrainingina录certainfielde.g.NieWeipingisanexpertatchess.(a.)skillfule.g.NieWeipingisexpertat/inplayingchess.ParagraphMeaning:事实上，我那时一直是全家人的效率专家。父亲的工具、母亲的厨房用具以姐姐的男朋友全由我统一安排。ParagraphFour:Ineededtobeefficient.Iwantedtobewel址lorganized.Forme,therewasaplaceforeverythingandeverythingwasalwaysinitsplace.Thesequalitiesgavemeagoodfoundationforacareerinindustrialengineering.ParagraphFour

Thesequalitiesgavemeagoodfoundationfor…quality:n.highdegreeofgoodness;specialcharacteristicofsth.orsb.质量,品质,性质E.g.apoorqualityofcloth品质低劣的布料qualitiesofleadership领导才能ParagraphMeaning:

我需要讲究效率。我希望有条不紊。对我来说，样样东西都有个固定的地方，样样东西总是放

在适当的地方。这些素质为我日后从事工业管

理打下了良好的基础。ParagraphFive:Unfortunately,IwasalsoabitbossyandIwasn'taverygoodlistener.You'llseewhatImeanwhenItellyouaboutthefirstprojectIeverdidafterIfinishedmybachelor'sdegreeattheuniversity.ParagraphFivebachelor'sdegreeParagraphFiveAcademicDegreeA.B.orB.A.BachelorofArtsA.M.orM.A.MasterofArtsB.B.S.BachelorofBusinessScienceB.C.L.BachelorofCivilLaw民法学士ParagraphFiveB.D锁.BachelorofDivinity神学学士

B.L仆it,B.LittorLit.B.Bac革helorofLetters文学士(orLiterature)B.L.L.orL.L.B.BachelorofLawsB.S.,B.Sc.,orSc.B.BachelorofScienceM.B.A.MasterofBusinessAdministrationParagraphFive学院与大学美国高等院校中，学院(College)主要提供大专课程和四年制大学本科课程，分别称二年制学院(Two-yearcollege)或四年制学院(Four-yearcollege)。大学(University)则是一种综合性较强的学府，往往会包括学院(College)、研究生院(GraduateSchool)和若干专业学院(ProfessionalSchool)，一所大学可以同时开设理、工、农、医、人、文和社会等学科的大学或研究生课程，有的大学(通常是州立大学)本身是一个宠大的体系，分有许多不同的校园(campus)。ParagraphFive大学教育二年制学院(Two-yearCollege)提供初级阶段的高等

教育，学生学完两年的课程之后可以取得准学士学位

(AssociateinArts,AssociateinScience)。这种教育览又分成两类，一类是一般性教育，学生学习相当于四年

制大学一、二年课程，所得的学分可以转到四年制大学另一类是职业教育，所开设课程是为学生在社会上就

业作准备，学生完成学年的学习后就从事技术的工作，不再攻读学位，二年学院的名称各叫地方学院(CommunityCollege)，也有的叫初级学院(JuniorCollege)。地方学院通常是地方政府兴办的。二年制学校收的学费比较低，招生要求也不高，ParagraphFive四年制学院(Four-YearCollege)和大学(Universit裳y)提供学士学位(BachelorofArts，BachelorofSc浙ience，即B．A或B．S)课程。多数四年制学院的专业设置范围包括文理科的一般教育(LiberalArts)，即人文社会科学和自然科学的基础学科，有的也开

设一些较专门的或应用性的科学，入学要求比两年

制的高。ParagraphMeaning:遗憾的是，我这个人也有一点专横，不太善于听取别人的意见。等我把在大学取得学士学位后承办第一项工程的情况告诉你以后，你就会明白我这话是什么意思了。ParagraphSix:AftergraduationIreturnedhometomysmalltowninIndiana.Ididn'thaveajobyet.Mr.Hobbs,a痛friendofmyfather's,ownedasmallshirtfactoryi跑ntown.Withinthepastfiveyearsithadgrownfromwentytoeightyworkers.Mr.Hobbswasworriedt窄hathisplantwasgettingtoobigandinefficient,s扇oheaskedmetocomeinonashort-termbasisas额aconsultant.ParagraphSix1.Indiana(TheCrossroadsofAmerica)ParagraphSix2.…soheaskedmetocomeinonashort-termbasisasaconsultant.:comein:v.进来,到达终点,流行起来,当选,(钱)到手ParagraphSixe.g.Whendidtheshortskirtfirstcomein?短裙是什么时候开始流行的?Hasthetraincomeinyet?火车到站了吗?comeinthird得第三名

WheredoIcomein?我的作用在哪儿呢？ParagraphSix:onashort-termbasis:temporarily;foraperiodoftimeSimilarly:(towork)onafive-day-a-weekbasis(toholdajob)onafull-timebasis(topay)onapiece-workbasis毕业后我回到家乡印第安纳州的一个小镇上。当时我还没有找到工作。我父亲的一位朋友霍布斯先生在镇上有一家小型衬

衫厂。在过去五年里，厂里的工人从二

十名增加到了八十名。霍布斯先生担心

他的工厂规模变得太大了，效率变得太

低了，便请我进厂当了个短期顾问。ParagraphMeaning:ParagraphSevenandEight:Iwenttotheplantandspentaboutaweeklookingaroundandmakingnotes.IwasreallyamazedatwhatIsaw.Mostcuriousofall,therewasnoqualitycontrolwhatsoever.研Nooneinspectedthefinalproductofthefactory.Asaresultsomeoftheshirtsthatwereputinboxesforshipmentweremissingoneortwobuttons,thecollar,evenasleevesometimes!ParagraphSevenandEight1.…andspentaboutaweeklookingaround…lookaround:v.(=lookround)到处陷寻找,察看,观光,游览e.g.“CanIhelpyou?Isthereanythingyouparticularlywant?”“No,thanyou,Iamjustlooking枕a

ound.”“Haveyougotajobyet?”“No,I'dliketolookaroundabit.”ParagraphSevenandEight2.Iwa照s膝rea栋l已ly职a敬ma宿ze寻d撇atwha话tI适s俊aw杆.beamazedat(orby):对…感到惊奇e.g沿.Theteacherwasamazedatherrapidprogressinstudies.surprise,astonish,amaze吃惊的程度由弱到强：surprise（由于突然而吃惊）－﹥astonish(大吃一惊)－﹥amaze（吃惊到了迷惑不解的程度）。ParagraphSevenandEight3.…therewasnoqualitycontrolwhatsoever.whatsoever:pron.无论什么e.g.Hewillcomeforthemeeting.Therecanbenodoubtwhatsoeveraboutit.Nothingwhat谊soevercanpreventusfromcarryingoutthisplan.ParagraphSevenandEight4.Asaresultsomeoftheshirtsthatwereputinboxes…asaresult:therefore,becauseofthisasaresultof:becauseofe.g.Somestudentswerelateforclassasaresultoftheheavysnow.ParagraphMeaning:我来到厂里，花了一个星期左右的时间一边到

处查看，一边做些笔记。说真的，我对看到的情况不胜惊讶。最为奇怪的是，厂里竟然没有任何质量控制。

没有人检验工厂生产的成品。结果，有些装箱待运的衬衫不是缺了一两粒钮扣，就是少了衣领，有时甚至还会短只袖子。ParagraphNine:Theworkingconditionswerepoor.Thetableswheretheworkerssatwereveryhighanduncomfortable.Exceptforahalfhouratlunchtime,therewerenob象eaksinthedaytorelievetheboringwork.Therewasnomusic.Thewallsoftheworkroomswereadullgraycolor.Iwasamazedthattheworkershadn'tgoneonstrike.ParagraphNine:1.Exceptforahalfhouratlunchtime,…exceptfor:withtheexceptionof;apartfrome.g.Theroomwasbareexceptforafewchairs.这间房间里除了一些椅子以外什么也没有.Wehadapleasanttime,exceptfortheweather.除了坏天气外我们过得很愉快.ParagraphNineExpect所引导的词语在句中有与之对应的同类词语，而expectfor没这种对应，只是用其他细节来修正句中的基本内容。AlltheessaysaregoodexpectJohn’s.Youressayisgoodexpectforthespelling.ParagraphNine:2.…therewerenobreaksinthedaytorelievetheboringwork.relieve:makelessoreasier;givehelptothoseinneede.g.adrugthatrelievesheadaches缓解头痛的药Par恒ag丈ra活ph窝N蓄i伞ne:片Letmerelieveyouofthatheavyparcel.让我把你的重包裹解下来吧。

torelieveadullevening调剂一下枯燥的晚上torelievesb.'smind解除某人忧虑Par孔ag仓ra碰ph岛N呀i逐ne:棒Iwasamazedthattheworkershadn'tgoneonstrike.go/beonstrike:refusetoworke.g.Theminerswentonstrikebecauseofthelackofsafetyequipment.矿工们因为缺乏安全设备罢工。

Iwouldnevergoonstrikeformoremoney.我绝不为加薪而罢工。ParagraphMeaning:工厂的生产条件很差。工作台很高，工人坐在旁边很不舒服。除了吃午饭的半小时外，全天没有别的砍休息时间来调剂一下令人厌倦的工作。厂里也不播暮放音乐。工场间的墙壁全是一片暗灰色。使我感到惊奇的是，工人们竟然没有罢工。ParagraphTen:Furthermore,theworkflowwasirregular.Therewas逐oneespeciallyabsent-mindedyoungmanintheassemblylinewhosewedonbuttons.AfterawhileIrecognizedhimas“BigJim”,whousedtositbehindmeinmathclassinhighschool.Hewasveryslowandalltheshirtswereheldupathisposition.Workersbehindhiminlineonhisshifthadtowaitwithnothingtodo;therefore,agreatdealoftimeandefficiencywerelostasBigJimdaydreamedwhileheworked.AllweekIwonderedwhyhewasn'tfired.ParagraphTen1.assemblylineParagraphTen2.Hewasveryslowandalltheshirtswereheldupathisposition.holdup:delayorcausetostope.g.Thetrainwasheldupforanhourbytheaccident.Theywereheldupbyfog.他们为雾所耽搁。ParagraphTen3.Workersbehindhiminlineonhisshifthadtowaitwithnothingtodo;…:Hisfellowworkerswhoworkedfurtherdowntheassemblylinehadtowaitdoingnothing…ParagraphTenAllweekIwonderedwhyhewasn'tfired.

Fire:dismisssb.fromhisorherjobe.g.You‘refired.你被解雇了。AccordingtotheLawofLabor,bossescan'tfireworkersatwillanylonger.根据劳动法,老板们再也不可以任意解雇工人了。ParagraphMeaning:此外，厂里的生产流程也时断时续。在装配线上

有个缝钮扣的年轻人特别心不在焉。没有多久，我便认出了他，原来他就是在中学上数学课时坐在

我后面的“大个子吉姆”。他动作很慢，所有的衬衫到了他这儿都被耽搁下来。装配线上他后面的同悼班工人只好等在那儿无事可干；因此，在“大个子吉姆”边工作边胡思乱想的时侯，大量时间便白白流逝了，劳动效率大受损失。整个礼拜我都在纳闷字，为什么他没有被解雇。ParagraphEleven:Aft兆erImadeobservationsforaweek,Mr.Hobbsaskedmeforanoralreportofmyfindings.Icoveredmymajorpointsbytellinghimthefollowing:ParagraphEleven:1.Mr.Hobbsaskedmeforanoralreportofmyfindings.findings:theresultofanyresearchorinjurye.g.Unlikemostresearchers,ProfWangkeepshisfindingstohimself.ThegovernmentpublisheditsfindingsinWashingtonPost.ParagraphEleven:2.cover:包括e.g.Thereviewcoveredeverythingwelearnedlastterm.这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程。Thispassagedoesnotfullycoverthesubject.ParagraphMeaning:我观察了一个星期后，霍布斯先生便要我就

调查结果作一个口头汇报。我把要点概括了一下向他汇报如下：ParagraphTwelvetoSeventeen“Ifyouhaveaqualitycontrolinspection,youwillgreatlyimproveyourfinishedproduct.”“Iftheassemblylineisredesigned,asmoothworkflowcanbeachievedandtimeandenergycanbesaved.”“Ifyoudecreasetheheightoftheworktables,themachineoperatorswillworkmorecomfortably.”ParagraphTwelvetoSeventeen“Ifthemanagementprovidespleasantbackgroun喷dmusicandbeautifiesthedullsetting,thefactoryw穴illbemuchmoreproductive.”“Iftheworkershaveafifteen-minutecoffeebreakinthemorningandafternoon,theywillbemoreeffic散ient.”“Ifexcellentworkresultsinfrequentpayincreasesorpromotions,theworkerswillhavegreaterincent旁ivetoproduce.”ParagraphTwelvetoSeventeen1.…asmoothworkflowcanbeachieved…achieve:vt.完成,达到e.g.Theuniversityhasachievedallitsgoalsthisyear.这个大学今年已经实现了所有的奋斗目标。Hehopestoachieveallhisaimssoon.他希望尽快达到所有目标。ParagraphTwelvetoSeventeen2.Ifyoudecreasetheheightoftheworktables…decrease:v.(causeto)becomeless减少e.g.Thenumberofchildrenintheschoolhasdecreasedthisyear.今年在校的儿童人数减少了。ParagraphTwelvetoSeventeen4.…thefactorywillbemuchmoreproductive.productive:adj.abletoproducewellormuch生产性的,生产的,能产的,多产的ParagraphTwelvetoSeventeene.g.averyproductivewriter多产作家Un-isaproductiveprefix.un-是一个构词力活跃的前缀。aproductiveeffort生产力Scienceandtechnologyarethefirstproductiveforce.ParagraphTwelvetoSeventeenIfexcellentworkresultsinfrequentpayincreasesorpromotions…resultin:v.cause,leadto,bring…about导致e.g.Eatingtoomuchoftenresultsinsickness.Theaccidentresultedinhisdeath.ParagraphTwelvetoSeventeenpromotion:n.anactiontohelpsth.developorsucceed;advancementinpositionorrank促进,发扬,提升,提拔,晋升e.g.XiaoWanghasgotapromotion.apromotionworker推销员ParagraphMeaning:“如果实行质量检验，你们就会大大改进成品。“如果把装配线重新设计一下，生产流程就会达到平稳并能节省时间和精力。“如果降低工作台的高度，机器操作工作业时就会舒服一些。ParagraphMeaning:“如果厂方播放悦耳的背景音乐，美化一下单调的环境，工厂的生产率就可以大大提高。“如果工人们在上、下午各有一次十五分钟的体息时间喝咖啡，他们的效率就会更高。“如果工作出色能经常得到加薪提级，工人们就会有更大的生产积极性。”ParagraphEighteenandNineteen:Mr.Hobbsthankedmeforthisreportandtoldmehe协wouldtalkovermysuggestionswithhisbrother,theco-ownerandmanagerofthefactory.“We'rei杂nterestedinprogresshere,”hesaid.“Wewanttokeepupwiththetimes.”Healsogavemeacheckfor$100andaboxofshirtswithhiscompliments.ParagraphEighteenandNineteen:1.…toldmehewouldtalkovermysuggestionswithhisbrother,…talkover:discusssth.商量ParagraphEighteenandNineteene.g.CanIseeyouamoment?I'veanimportantmattertotalkoverwithyou.You'dbettertalkitoverwithyourparentsbeforemakingadecision.ParagraphEighteenandNineteen:2.Wewanttokeepupwiththetimes.keepupwith:move,progressorincreaseasfastas…跟上，保持一致，不落后ParagraphEighteenandNineteene.g.Istartedtorun,sothatshehadtohurrytokeepupwithme.Hehasdifficultykeepingupwiththerestoftheclass.ParagraphMeaning:霍布斯先生对我的汇报表示感谢，并告诉我说他将和他的兄弟――该厂的另一位厂主兼经理――讨论我的建议。“我们关心工厂的发展，”他说。“我们要跟上时代的步伐。”他还送给我一张一百美元的支票并赠送给我一盒衬衫。

UsefulExpressionsEfficiencywage工艺，工业美术ElementaryteacherUpperclassFBI擅长于，熟练于为…打下/奠定基础绩效工资Industrialart小学教师上层社会FBofInvestigationExpertat/on/inLaytheFfor

UsefulExpressions职业妇女Projectoneself单身未婚女子短期贷款CPPCCRollupone’ssleeves缓解压力Careerwomen突出/表现自己BachelorgirlShort-termloans政协Conference着手做事Relievepressure

UsefulExpressionsIrregulartroopsAbsentfriendsWorkthenightshift背景图片Beautyshop/salonProductiveforces成品非正规军远方的朋友值夜班Backgroundpicture美容院生产力FinishedproductAfter-readingActivitiesSentenceStructureIspentaboutaweekmakingobservations.Exceptforahalfhour,therewerenobreaks.BigJimdidn’tusedtositbeforemeinmathclass.Mostcuriousofall,therewasnoqualitycontrol.After-readingActivitiesTranslationPracticeItwasreportedthatthebuildingoftherailwayhadbeenheldupbyaflood.Thestrikeresultedinthemanagement’sacceptingtheworkers’demands.Thecoalminersdecidedtogoonstrik