三位转换理论

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The“Threedimensional”TransformationTheory

The“threedimensional”transformation,rootingintheeco-translatologytheory,whoisabranchofthecoreconceptsofeco-translatology,isthenatureoftheAdaptionandSelectiontheory,theothercoreconceptofeco-translatology.AccordingtoHu,eco-translatologyhasninemainresearchanglesandperspectives,thatis,“ecologicalparadigm,ecologicalrationally,therelevancechain,doingthingswithtranslation,translationaleco-environment,translatorcentrality,adaptionandselection,

three-dimensionaltransformation,post-eventpenalty”(Hu,2011).

Eco-translatologyisanewtheorytointerpretthetranslationprocessfromtheperspectiveofecology,studyingtranslationunderabigecologicalbackgroundofmanytheoreticalideasineco-translatologywhichadaptationandselectionoccupythecentralposition.

Thetheoryholdsthattranslationactivitiesaremainlyanalternationbetweenadaptionandselection.AccordingtoHu,thepurposeofadaptionistosurviveandtakeeffect,theapproachofadaptionisoptimizationandselection,andtheprincipleofselectionisthesurvivalofthefittest(Hu,2011).Thetranslationmethodofadaptiveselectiontheoryineco-translatologybyitsnatureitisthree-dimensionaltransformation.Three-dimensionrepresentslinguisticdimension,culturaldimensionandcommunicativedimensionrespectively.

LinguisticDimension

Adaptationandselectionaremutualprocesseswhichisimpossibletodrawadistinctlinebetweenthem.Especiallyintheactualtranslatingprocess,itisimpossibletoanalyze“adaptation”and“selection”separatelybecausethesetwopartshavemanyoverlaps.

Languageswhichhavetheirownspecificwaysandhabitsofexpression,arevarious.Thelanguagelogicbetweenthetwodifferentlanguagesisquitedifferent.Itisthusclearthatthelinguisticdimensionaltransformationisnotasuperficialreportbetweenthetwolanguages,butadeepcommunicationbasedonmutualselectionandadaptationbetweenthetwolanguages,whichisliketheformoftwokindsoflanguagecommunication,correspondingtoeachotherfromtheviewofword,syntaxandsoon.

DouLu(2019)arguesthatlanguagedimensionadaptivechoicetransformationreferstotheadaptivechoiceofatexttranslatortoaspecificlanguageformintheprocessoftranslationandafterconsideringtheoverallecologicalenvironment,thetranslatorfirstfacestheadaptivetransformationandselectionoflanguagedimensionintranslationactivities.

Thetransformationoflanguagedimension,thatis,thetranslator'sadaptivechoiceoflanguageformintheprocessoftranslation.(Hu,2013)Whenitcomestothe“adaptivetransformationfromlinguisticdimension”,itisthefactthattranslatorschoosewhatkindsoflinguisticformsintargetlanguageduringtranslation,words,manner,writingstyle,rhetoricandsoforth,toadapttothetargetlanguageenvironmentwhilekeepingthecharacteristicsofthesourcetext.Therefore,theadaptivetransformationoflinguisticdimensioniscarriedoutindifferentaspectsandlevels,whichrequiresthetranslatorbeproficientinlinguistic.

3.1.2CulturalDimension

AlthoughsomeconceptsofDarwin'stheoryofevolutionarethemainsupportingpartofeco-translatology,manyancientorientalphilosophicalthoughtscanbefoundinitaswell.Tosomeextent,thesethoughtshavemadeagreatcontributiontothebirthanddevelopmentoftheeco-translatology.Inthistheory,“people-oriented”,“amiddlecourse”,“harmonybetweenmanandnature”andsomeancientChinesecultureisincluded.Intheprocessoftranslation,howtomaketheproperadaptionandselection,whichisaimedtocreatetheoptimaltranslationenvironment,andwhethertheculturalconnotationbetweenthesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguagecanbetransferredcorrectlyaretheimportantcriteriontoevaluatethequalityoftranslation.

Thetransformationofculturaldimensionmeansthatthetranslatorpaysattentiontothetransmissionandinterpretationofculturalconnotationofthetwolanguageintheprocessoftranslation.(Hu2013)Whenitcomestothe“adaptivetransformationfromculturaldimension”,itreferstotheexpressionandinterpretationofbilingualculturalconnotationspaidattentiontobytranslatorsintheprocessoftranslation.Thisadaptationofculturaldimensionliesinpayingattentiontothedifferencesinnatureandcontentbetweenthesourcecultureandthetargetculture,avoidingmisinterpretationofthesourcetextfromtheperspectiveofthetargetculture.Meanwhile,translatorsshouldensurethatthetransformationcanadapttothewholetargetculture.Consideringthediversitybetweentwocultures,translatorshavetobeproficientinbothsourcecultureandtargetculture.

Culturaldimensionadaptivechoicereferstothetranslator'sadaptivechoicetodifferentculturalformsintheactualtranslationprocesswhosetranslationneedspayingmoreattentiontotheinterpretationandtransmissionofthelanguagesculturalconnotation,whichisalsothecoreconceptofadaptivechoiceandtransformationofculturaldimension.(DouLu2019).Thecultureshockcomesfromthedifferentunderstandingandhabitsfromdifferentculturalbackground.Inordertoavoidleadingtothemisunderstandingofoneculture,thetranslationshouldrespectthesourcelanguageasmoreaspossible.Therefore,theculturaldimensionisthemostdifficulttransformationdimension,whichneedsastrongculturalsenseaswellasagreatcomprehensionofboththesourcelanguageandthetargetone.3.1.3CommunicativeDimension

Infact,thetransformationofcommunicationdimensionistomakethetargetlanguagereadersfullyunderstandthecontentexpressedinthesourcelanguage,andatthesametime,keeptheintegrityofthecontentofthesourcelanguageascompleteaspossible,justlikeweneedtousedifferentcommunicationmethodswhenwecommunicatewithdifferentgroups,suchastheelders,thechildrenandthedifferentcareerpractitioner.

"Thetransformationofcommunicativedimensionmeansthatthetranslatorpaysattentiontotheadaptivechoiceoftheintentionofthetwolanguageintheprocessoftranslation."(Hu,2013)Toachievecommunicativepurposes,theculturalbackgroundandpreferencesofthereadergroupshouldbeconsideredbytranslators,whichmeansduringthisprocess,translatorshavetotrytheirbesttoensuretargetreaderscangetasimilarfeelingandthesamereadingexperiencewhilesomecontentsofthesourcetextcanbeaddedordeletedtocatertothereadergroup.Tosomeextent,itissimilartothetranslationstrategyofPeterNewmark,whichiscalledcommunicativetranslation.

Theactualtranslatingprocessisnotlimitedtothree-dimensionaltransformation,buttheyareallincluded.Usually,therewillbenosingledimensiontransformation.Thetransformationbetweendifferentdimensionsisaccomplishedjointly.

Intheaspectofculturaldimensionaltransformation,wearefocusedonthefreetranslationandliteraltranslation.Inanotherword,itisamethodforthetranslatortochoosetranslationstrategiesfromfreetranslationandliteraltranslation.BecauseofthespecialityofChineseancientpoem,translatorsaresupposedtoworkoutthemeaningandconnotation,thewordswithaspecifichistoricalbackgroundofthepoem.ItwasdecidedbyhowmuchdothetranslatorsunderstandChinesecultureandifthetranslatorscanapplytheunderstandingintotranslating.Throughtheanalysis,the

understandingofpoetrydeterminestheaccuracyofthetranslation.Inaddition,therearealotofpolysemouswordsinancientChinese.Whichmeaningthetranslatorchoosesdeterminesthemeaningofthetargettext.Bynnerchosethedirectmeaningandheusethecommonwordtoexpress.Xuconsideredthesefactorswithinthewholeculturalenvironmentandpaidattentiontothebackgroundofthetargetcultureasmuchaspossible.

TheCoreConceptsoftheEco-translatologyTheory

AlthoughsomeconceptsofDarwin'stheoryofevolutionarethemainsupportingpartofeco-translatology,manyancientorientalphilosophicalthoughtscanbefoundinitaswell.Tosomeextent,thesethoughtshavemadeagreatcontributiontothebirthanddevelopmentoftheeco-translatology.Inthistheory,“people-oriented”,“amiddlecourse”,“harmonybetweenmanandnature”andsomeancientChineseconceptsareincluded.

Aswementionedabove,eco-translatologycombinedtranslatologywithecology.Howcanitconnectthesetwodisciplines?ThankstoDarwin's“naturalselection”,eco-translatologycanhaveabridgetoconnectthem.Asweallknow,inDarwin'stheoryofevolution,naturalselectionisthemainmechanismofevolution.Whatissuitableforthelivingenvironmentwillbeleftbehind,whiletheweakwillbeeliminatedbytheecologicalenvironment.Allorganismsleftinthebrutalworldshouldadapttothesurvivalenvironment.Thisconceptwastransplantedtoeco-translatology.Thetheoryconsidersthatonlyanexcellenttranslatorcansurviveinthetranslationalworld.Thatmeanstranslatorsshouldkeepimprovingtheirtranslationskillstoearnaplaceinthetranslationalworld.Iftheycan'tbeharmoniouswiththetranslationalenvironment,theywillfinallydieoutinthetranslationalworld.Itisalsocalledthepost-eventpenaltyinthistheory.

Eco-translatologyfocusesonthethemeof“ecology,life,survival”.Talkingabout“ecology”,itmainlydiscussestranslationaleco-systemandeco-environment.Whenitcomesto“life”,itmainlydiscussesthelifeofatextwhichincludesvitalsignsandlifesituationofthetext.Asfor“survival”,itisabouttheviabilityofatranslator.Eco-translatologymainlydiscussesthesurvivaloftranslators.Meanwhile,itisnothardtoseethatthetheoryhighlightsthestatusoftranslators.“Thetranslatoristhefocalelementintheprocessoftranslation,andplaysacentralroleinthebasicprinciplesandproceduresoftranslation.”(Nida,1964:145)Becauseofitsnature,eco-translatologyattemptstodescribeandanalyzesometranslationphenomenonbyusingecologicalconcepts.

AccordingtoHu,eco-translatologyhasninemainresearchanglesandperspectives,thatis,“ecologicalparadigm,ecologicalrationally,therelevancechain,doingthingswithtranslation,translationaleco-environment,translatorcentrality,adaptionandselection,three-dimensionaltransformation,post-eventpenalty”(Hu,2011).

Allinall,eco-translatologyhighlightstheconceptof“adaptionandselection”,andconsidersthattranslatorsshouldtrytheirbesttoliveharmoniouslywiththetranslationalenvironment.

3.2CoreConceptsofEco-translatology

Inthispart,wewillillustratethedefinitionsaboutthecoreconceptsineco-translatology,especiallytranslationasadaptionandselectionandthethree-dimensionaltransformation.

3.1.1TranslationasAdaptionandSelection

Eco-translatologyisanewtheorytointerpretthetranslationprocessfromtheperspectiveofecology.Thusitstudiestranslationunderabigecologicalbackgroundofmanytheoreticalideasineco-translatology,adaptationandselectionoccupythecentralposition.Thetheoryholdsthattranslationactivitiesaremainlyanalternationbetweenadaptionandselection.AccordingtoHu,thepurposeofadaptionistosurviveandtakeeffect,theapproachofadaptionisoptimizationandselection,theprincipleofselectionisthesurvivalofthefittest(Hu,2011).

Eco-translatologydefinestranslationas“thetranslator'schoice

behavioradaptingtothetranslationaleco-environment^,thatis,thetranslatoradaptsselectivelytothetranslationeco-environmentwhichrestrictshistranslationactivities,andthenmakesasubjectivechoiceduringtranslation.Thisconceptholdsthattranslatorsneedtoadaptaswellasselect,whichisinlinewithwhatwehavementionedabove

“eco-translatologypaysattentiontothesurvivaloftranslatorsandhighlightsthestatusoftranslators”.

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Adaptationandselectionaremutualprocesses.However,itisnotpossibletodrawadistinctlinebetweenadaptionandselection.Especiallyintheactualtranslatingprocess,itisimpossibletoanalyze“adaptation”and“selection”separatelybecausethesetwopartshavemanyoverlaps.Notonlytranslationeco-environmentcanselecttranslators,butalsotranslatorscanonbehalfofthetranslationeco-environmenttoimplementtheselection.HuGengshenconsideredthatselectioncanbefoundinadaption,i.e.adaptiveselection;adaptioncanalsobefoundinselection,i.e.selectiveadaption.Theformermeansthetranslator'sadaptiontothetranslationalenvironmentwhilethelattermeansthetranslatorastheeco-environmentconductsselectiontothetranslatedtext(Hu,2011).

3.2.2Three-dimensionalTransformation

Thetranslationmethodofadaptiveselectiontheoryineco-translatologybyitsnatureitisthree-dimensionaltransformation.Three-dimensionrepresentslinguisticdimension,culturaldimensionandcommunicativedimensionrespectively.

Whenitcomestothe“adaptivetransformationfromlinguisticdimension”,itisthefactthattranslatorschoosewhatkindsoflinguisticformsintargetlanguageduringtranslation.Words,manner,writingstyle,rhetoricandsoforthareallincluded.Therefore,theadaptive

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transformationoflinguisticdimensioniscarriedoutindifferentaspectsandlevels.

Whenitcomestothe“adaptivetransformationfromcul