英语定语从句专题英语语法试题学习资料

定语从句专题一、Teachingaims：

1.

Knowledgeaims:

(1).Whatisattribute?

(2).Whatistheattributiveclause?

(3).Howtouserelativepronounsandrelativeadverbs?

2.Skillaims:

（1）.Distinguishtheattributiveclausefromotherclauses.

(2).

Canusetheattributiveclausetospeakandwritefluently.

二、Keypoints:

1、定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2、关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。

关系词有三个作用：1、引导定语从句;2、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

3、先行词：被定语从句修饰、限定的词或短语，称为先行词。

4、定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。

三、Warmingup:

1．

比一比，看看谁想出的含有定语从句的句子最多？

2．你能划出下面句子中的定语从句吗？

AsaGlobalEnvironmentalAmbassador(大使),GongLiurgesthepublictogiveuphabitsthatareharmfultotheenvironment.

四、Teachingmaterial:限定性定语从句

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人在从句中做主语

(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.

2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.

(2)Mr.LingisjustthemanwhomIwanttosee.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.

•

3.which指物在定语从句中做宾语时可省略

•

(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.

•

(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.

4.that既可代表事物也可代表人。

关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，而当关系代词在从句中作宾语时，常常省略。

特别提示：

1．关系代词做从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。

2．如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词常放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置。

3.在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，

（1）当先行词是anything,everything,nothing,none等不定代词时；

（2）由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时等，这时的that常省略；

（3）先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；

（4）先行词是序数词或最高级时；

（5）先行词中既有人又有物时；

（6）句中前面有which时。

5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

eg.

Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替：

eg.(1).Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

(2)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?

Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

二、关系副词

关系副词=介词+关系代词

why=forwhich

where=inwhich

when=duringwhich

whose=ofwhich

1.where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句

2.when引导定语从句表示时间

3.whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它引导的从句可以修饰人和物，当它引导的从句修饰物体时，可以与ofwhich调换，表达的意思一样。

关系副词引导的定语从句：

1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

eg.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.

2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

eg.ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

eg.

Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouarelate.

注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,

(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.

(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich./whereIwasborn.

判断关系代词与关系副词：

方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：

ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.

IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.

（错）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.

（错）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.

（对）Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.

（对）Illneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?

A.whereB.thatC.onwhich

例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld?

A.

whereB.thatC.

onwhich

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；

先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。

Exercises:

1.

Theman____isstandingthereismyfather.

A.who

B.whom

C.which

2.Whowastheman_____spoketoyoujustnow?

A.

who

B.whom

C.that

3.Tomistheonlyperson

Icandependon.

A.that

B.which

C.who

4.Itisthebestfilm____shehaseverseen.

A.

that

B.which

C.when

5.Beijingisthe29thcity____holdstheOlympicGames.

A.where

B.that

C.which

D.what

6.Thefootballmatch____Iwatchedyesterdayisfantastic!

A.when

B.that

C.what

D.who

7.

Chinaisacountry

hasalonghistory.

A.

who

B.which

C.

where

8.Theboy___Italkedwithjustnowismybestfriend.

A.who

B.which

C.where

9.—ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isn’tit?

—Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschools__thosechildrencanstudyhappily.

A.where

B.when

C.which

10.WeknowJackieChan___moviesarevery

popularwiththeyoung.

A.whose

B.that

C.who

D.which

非限定性定语从句

非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who,whom代表人，用which，whose代表事物。

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

不用逗号和主句隔开

用逗号和主句隔开

是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除

是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整

翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…”

通常翻译成主句的并列句

关系词做宾语时可省略

关系词不可省略

关系词可用that；可用who代替whom

关系词不用that；不用who代替whom

五：Homework:

（一）、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1.

Theboys

areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

2.

Thisisthebook

youwant。

3.

Thetime

wegottogetherfinallycame.

4.

Mr.Lingisjusttheboy

Iwanttosee.

5.

Theman

youmetjustnowismyfriend.

6.

Thisisthepen

heboughtyesterday.

7.

Ioncelivedinahouse

windowwasbroken.

8.

Thehouse

Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

9.

Idon’tknowthereason

helooksunhappytoday.

10.

All

canbedonemustbedone.

（二）、完成下列句子：

1．Ilikemusic

(我能随之舞蹈的).

2.

Iprefermusic

(歌词优美的).

3.

People

(饮食平衡的)shouldbehealthierthanthose

(吃垃圾食品的).

4．Thisistheplace

(我过去常常学习的).

5.

That’sthereason

(她不喜欢他的).

6.

Ilovethehouses

(窗子面向大海的).

7.

Carmenlikesmusicians

(能演奏不同种类的音乐的).

定语从句专项练习题

1.

Don’t

talk

about

such

things

of

__________

you

are

not

sure.

A.

which

B.

what

C.

as

D.

those

2.

Is

this

the

factory

__________

you

visited

the

other

day?

A.

that

B.

where

C.

in

which

D.

the

one

3.

Is

this

factory

__________

some

foreign

friends

visited

last

Friday?

A.

that

B.

where

C.

which

D.

the

one

4.

Is

this

the

factory

__________

he

worked

ten

years

ago?

A.

that

B.

where

C.

which

D.

the

one

5.

The

wolves

hid

themselves

in

the

places

__________

couldn’t

be

found.

A.

that

B.

where

C.

in

which

D.

in

that

6.

The

freezing

point

is

the

temperature

__________

water

changes

into

ice.

A.

at

which

B.

on

that

C.

in

which

D.

of

what

7.

This

book

will

show

you

__________

can

be

used

in

other

contexts..

A.

how

you

have

observed

B.

what

you

have

observed

C.

that

you

have

observed

D.

how

that

you

have

observed

8.

The

reason

is

__________

he

is

unable

to

operate

the

machine.

A.

because

B.

why

C.

that

D.

whether

9.

I’ll

tell

you

__________

he

told

me

last

week.

A.

all

which

B.

that

C.

all

that

D.

which

10.

That

tree,

__________

branches

are

almost

bare,

is

very

old.

A.

whose

B.

of

which

C.

in

which

D.

on

which

11.

I

have

bought

the

same

dress

__________

she

is

wearing.

A.

as

B.

that

C.

which

D.

what

12.

He

failed

in

the

examination,

__________

made

his

father

very

angry.

A.

which

B.

it

C.

that

D.

what

13.

We’re

talking

about

the

piano

and

the

pianist

__________

were

in

the

concert

we

attended

last

night.

A.

which

B.

whom

C.

who

D.

that

14.

The

girl

__________

an

English

song

in

the

next

room

is

Tom’s

sister.

A.

who

is

singing

B.

is

singing

C.

sang

D.

was

singing

15.

Those

__________

not

only

from

books

but

also

through

practice

will

succeed.

A.

learn

B.

who

C.

that

learns

D.

who

learn

16.

Anyone

__________

this

opinion

may

speak

out.

A.

that

againsts

B.

that

against

C.

who

is

against

D.

who

are

against

17.

Didn’t

you

see

the

man

__________?

A.

I

nodded

just

now

B.

whom

I

nodded

just

now

C.

I

nodded

to

him

just

now

D.

I

nodded

to

just

now

18.

Can

you

lend

me

the

novel

__________

the

other

day?

A.

that

you

talked

B.

you

talked

about

it

C.

which

you

talked

with

D.

you

talked

about

19.

Is

there

anything

__________

to

you?

A.

that

is

belonged

B.

that

belongs

C.

that

belong

D.

which

belongs

20.

----

“How

do

you

like

the

book?”

----

“It’s

quite

different

from

__________

I

read

last

month.”

A.

that

B.

which

C.

the

one

D.

the

one

what

21.

Mr.

Zhang

gave

the

textbook

to

all

the

pupils

except

__________

who

had

already

taken

them.

A.

the

ones

B.

ones

C.

some

D.

the

others

22.

The

train

__________

she

was

travelling

was

late.

A.

which

B.

where

C.

on

which

D.

in

that

23.

He

has

lost

the

key

to

the

drawer

__________

the

papers

are

kept.

A.

where

B.

in

which

C.

under

which

D.

which

24.

Antarctic

__________

we

know

very

little

is

covered

with

thick

ice

all

the

year

round.

A.

which

B.

where

C.

that

D.

about

which

25.

It’s

the

third

time

__________

late

this

month.

A.

that

you

arrived

B.

when

you

arrived

C.

that

you’ve

arrived

D.

when

you’ve

arrived

26.

It

was

in

1969

__________

the

American

astronaut

succeeded

in

landing

on

the

moon.

A.

that

B.

which

C.

when

D.

in

which

27.

May

the

fourth

is

the

day

__________

we

Chinese

people

will

never

forget.

A.

which

B.

when

C.

on

which

D.

about

which

28.

We

are

going

to

spend

the

Spring

Festival

in

Guangzhou,

__________

live

my

grandparents

and

some

relatives.

A.

which

B.

that

C.

who

D.

where

29.

The

hotel

__________

during

our

holidays

stands

by

the

seaside.

A.

we

stayed

at

B.

where

we

stayed

at

C.

we

stayed

D.

in

that

we

stayed

30.

Is

it

in

that

factory

__________

“Red

Flag”

cars

are

produced?

A.

in

which

B.

where

C.

which

D.

that

31.

It

is

the

Suez

Canal

__________

separates

Asia

__________

Africa.

A.

which,

to

B.

where,

from

C.

that,

from

D.

that,

with

32.

Under

the

bridge,

however,

almost

directly

below,

__________

was

a

small

canoe,

with

a

boy

in

it.

A.

there

B.

where

C.

it

D.

which

33.

He

is

not

__________

a

fool

__________.

A.

such,

as

he

is

looked

B.

such,

as

he

looks

C.

as,

as

he

is

looked

D.

so,

as

he

looks

34.

Is

that

the

reason

__________

you

are

in

favour

of

the

proposal?

A.

which

B.

what

C.

why

D.

for

that

35.

He

must

be

from

Africa,

__________

can

be

seen

from

his

skin.

A.

that

B.

as

C.

who

D.

what

36.

He

has

two

sons,

__________

work

as

chemists.

A.

two

of

whom

B.

both

of

whom

C.

both

of

which

D.

all

of

whom

37.

I,

__________

your

good

friend,

will

try

my

best

to

help

you

out.

A.

who

is

B.

who

am

C.

that

is

D.

what

is

38.

He

is

a

man

of

great

experience,

__________

much

can

be

learned.

A.

who

B.

that

C.

from

which

D.

from

whom

39.

----

Do

you

know

the

town

at

all?

----

No,

this

is

the

first

time

I

__________

here.

A.

was

B.

have

been

C.

came

D.

am

coming

40.

I

don’t

like

__________

you

speak

to

her.

A.

the

way

B.

the

way

in

that

C.

the

way

which

D.

the

way

of

which

41.

The

two

things

__________

they

felt

very

proud

are

Jim’s

gold

watch

and

Della’s

hair.

A.

about

which

B.

of

which

C.

in

which

D.

for

which

42.

The

dinner

was

the

most

expensive

meal

we

__________.

A.

would

have

B.

have

had

C.

had

never

had

D.

had

ever

had

43.

Do

you

know

which

hotel

__________?

A.

she

is

staying

B.

she

is

staying

in

C.

is

she

staying

D.

is

she

staying

in

44.

There

is

only

one

thing

__________

I

can

do.

A.

what

B.

that

C.

all

D.

which

45.

Who

can

think

of

a

situation

__________

this

idiom

can

be

used?

A.

which

B.

that

C.

where

D.

in

that

46.

I

have

many

books,

some

of

__________

are

on

chemistry.

A.

them

B.

that

C.

which

D.

those

47.

They

were

interested

__________

you

told

them.

A.

in

which

B.

in

that

C.

all

that

D.

in

everything

48.

The

astronaut

did

many

experiments

in

the

spaceship,

__________

much

help

for

knowing

space.

A.

which

we

think

it

is

B.

which

we

think

are

of

C.

of

which

we

think

is

D.

I

think

which

is

of

49.

The

great

day

we

looked

forward

to

__________

at

last.

A.

come

B.

came

C.

coming

D.

comes

50.

I

like

the

second

football

match

__________

was

held

last

week.

A.

which

B.

who

C.

that

D.

/

参考答案：

1—5

AADBA

6—10

ABCCA

11—15

AADAD

16—20

CDDBC

21—25

ACBDC

26—30

AADAD

31—35

CABCB

36—40

BBDBA

41—45

BDBBC

46—50

CDBBC

定语从句归纳整理01概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。02定语从句“三要素”1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词★

先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,

which

surprisesallofus.

(which替代前面所叙述的事情)

先行词2.关系词：引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）(2)关系词的分类①标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词：在从句中做主，宾，表，定

（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）③关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子03定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。Heisateacher

who

worksatourschool.2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing,

which

isthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcitywithalonghistory.比较：Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.

(Hehasonlytwosons.)Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.

(Perhapshehastwomoresons)04定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语Sheisthegirl(whom/that)

Ilovedbefore.(可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语Heisnolongertheboy(that)

heusedtobe.

(可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housingpriceisaproblem

(that/which)peopleareinterestedin.比较：Housingpriceisaproblem

inwhich

peopleareinterested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）

2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Whoistheman

that

isshoutingthere?②关系代词在从句中作表语时Sheisnotthegirl

that

sheusedtobe.③先行词被thevery,theright,theonly修饰Thisistheveryperson

that

wearelookingfor.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one,ones,anybody,all,none,those等Those

who

wanttogotothecinema

willhaveto

waitatthegateoftheschool.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWhoistheboy

that

wonthegoldmedal?③在therebe结构中Therearemanyyoungmen

who

areagainsthim.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom,

who

ismybestfriend,

hasgoneabroadtostudy.3.先行词是物(that/which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中Shelostthegame,

which

depressedhergreatly.②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语Thepen

withwhich

youwrite

isJack’s.③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Letmeshowyouthenovel

that

Iborrowedfromthelibrary

which

isnewlyopentous.(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,noone等Shedidall

that

shecould

tohelpus.②先行词被all,every,no,some,little,much,theonly,hevery,theright，thelast等所修饰时Thisistheverybook

that

Iwant.③先行词中既有人又有物时Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleand

heplaces

that

impressedhermost.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时Thisisthebestbook

that

Ihaveeverread.Thisisthefirstfilm

that

I’veseen

sinceIcamehere.⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which,另外一个用thatHebuiltafactory

which

producedthings

that

hadneverbeenseenbefore.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWhoistheperson

that

isstandingatthegate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。

常用于以下句型当中：Such/so…..as….

像…..一样

thesame….as…和…...同样的Acomputeris

so

usefulamachine

as

wecanuseeveryday.Heisnot

thesame

man

as

hewas.(2)引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。AsIremember,therewereanetbarhere.TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina,asisknowntoall.★thesameas...和thesamethat...引导定语从句的区别Thisis

thesame

bike

that

Ilostyesterday.

(同一事物)Thisis

thesame

bike

as

Ilostyesterday.（同类事物）5.关系副词的运用(1)When在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time,day等Istillremembertheday

when

IfirstcametoBeijing.(when=onwhich)(2)Where在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place,spot等Canyoutellmetheoffice

where

heworks?

(where=inwhich)(3)Why在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.Idon’twanttolistentoanyreason

why

youwereabsent.

(why=forwhich)★关系副词=相应的介词+关系代词★Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形)，situation,position(位置),stage(阶段)，point（地步）等Whatarethesituations

where

bodylanguage

istheonlyformofcommunication?在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。(此时where=inwhich)6.几个特殊的先行词(1)way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式that/inwhich/不填Theway

inwhich/that/不填

heexplainsthesentencetousisquitesimple.比较：Thewaywhich/that/不填hetoldtouswasquitesimple.★way在定语中作tell的宾语(2)先行词timetime表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句Thisisthefirsttime

that

thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.time作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词whenThiswasthetime

when

therewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets★此时when=duringwhich在..期间(3)先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式why/forwhich/that/不填Thisisthereason

why/forwhich/that/不填

hecannotcomehere.比较：Isthisthereasonthat/which/不填heexplainedtousforhisabsencefromtheconference.★reason在定语从句中做explain的宾语7.介词+关系代词★该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词+which（指物）介词+whom（指人）★该结构介词的选用原则：(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配Thisisthebook

onwhich

Ispent$8.Thisisthebook

forwhich

Ipaid$8.(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯Irememberthedays

duringwhich

Ilivedthere.Iremembertheday

onwhich

Igraduatedfromuniversity.(3)根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定Thecolorless