定语从句解读课件

定语从句定语从句1定义在句子中起形容词作用的主谓结构，修饰它前面的名词或代词，即它的先行词。定义在句子中起形容词作用的主谓结构，修饰它前面的名词或代词，2一、两种关系词一、两种关系词31.关系代词：who,whom（代人）,which（代物）,that,whose（代人或物）注：关系代词的数要和先行词一致，它的格取决于它在从句中充当的成分。1.关系代词：who,whom（代人）,which（4a.Allthatglittersisnotgold.(主语)Thosewhodonotworkmustnoteat.(主语)b.Heisthemanwhomweallrespect.(宾语)c.ThegirltowhomwetalkedjustnowisanAmerican.(介词宾语)d.Edisonisagreatinventorwhosefameisworld-wide.(定语)e.Jackimaginedhimselftobeanartist,whichhewasnot.(关系代词在从句中作主语补语时常用which.)Note；先行词前有限定词all,any,every,few,no,only,some,very或序数词或形容词最高级等修饰时，其后的关系要用That.Eg.Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.ThisistheveryfilmthatIwanttosee.Johnlentmeafewbooksthatareofvalue.a.Allthatglittersisnotg52.关系副词：when,where,why在从句中作状语；先行词总是表示时间、地点或理由的名词。eg.Thatistheperiodwhenhelivedhere.Thatistheplacewherehewasborn.Thatisthereason

whyhetoldlies.2.关系副词：when,where,why在从句中作状语6二、限制性和非限制性

定语从句二、限制性和非限制性

定语从句7Eg.1.Thetravelerswho/thatknewaboutthefloodstookanotherroad.(知道涨大水的旅客走另一条路。指部分旅客，限制性)Thetravelers,whoknewaboutthefloods,tookanotherroad.(旅客都知道涨大水了，他们走另一条路。指全部旅客，非限制性）Eg.1.Thetravelerswho/tha8Eg.2.Thewinewhich/thatwasinthecellarwasallruined.(藏在地窖里的酒坏了。指部分酒，限制性）Thewine，whichinthecellar，wasallruined.(酒藏在地窖里，全都坏了。指全部的酒，非限制性）Eg.2.Thewinewhich/thatw9限制性和非限制性

定语从句的区别1.意义上的区别（参看例1、2）。2.形式上的区别。限制性定语从句无需用逗号与主句隔开，而非限制性必须隔开。3.引导词的区别。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。限制性和非限制性

定语从句的区别1.意义上的区别（参看例1、10三、that,which,whom的省略三、that,which,whom的省略11that,which,whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时常被省略。eg.Thecar(which/that)Ihiredbrokedownafterfivekilometers.Thelawyer(whom/that)Iconsultedgavemesomeusefuladvice.that,which,whom在限制性定语从句中作宾12四、介词+which等结构四、介词+which等结构131.“介词+which”有以下四种表达方式：Thisisthehousewewrotetoyouabout.thatwewrotetoyouabout.(介词不能放在that前)whichwewrotetoyouabout.aboutwhichwewrotetoyou.(用于正式文体)1.“介词+which”有以下四种表达方式：wewrote14介词+which的特殊情况以下两句只有一种表达方式：1).Yourinefficiency,whichwehaveputupwithfartoolong,isbeginningtoannoyourcustomers.(putupwith为固定动词短语，with不可前置。)2).ThatwasthemeetingduringwhichIkeptlistening.(during与which不能分开，during不能后置。)介词+which的特殊情况以下两句只有一种表达方式：152.介词+whom有一下五种表达方式，用who比用whom更常见：Doyouknowthemanyourbrotherwritesto?thatyourbrotherwritesto?whoyourbrotherwritesto?whomyourbrotherwritesto?(用于正式文体)towhomyourbrotherwrites?(用于更正式文体)2.介词+whom有一下五种表达方式，用who比用whom163.介词+whose+n.有以下两种表达：ThisisPeterwhosehouseI’vlived

inforfiveyears.inwhosehouseI’velivedforFiveyears.3.介词+whose+n.有以下两种表达：whoseh174.关于“名词/代词+介词+which/whom”的结构：1）Westudyinabigroom,thewindowofwhichopentothepark.(which的先行词是theroom.)2）Herbrothers,bothofwhomworkinShanghai,ringherupeveryweek.(whom的先行词是herbrothers.)4.关于“名词/代词+介词+which/whom”的18五、句子或句子一部分做先行词五、句子或句子一部分做先行词19这种形容词从句总是非限制性的，常由which引导，用逗号分开。eg.Someoftheroadswereflooded,whichmadeourjourneymoredifficult.(which的先行词是Someoftheroadswereflooded)Hesaidhehadnobike,whichwasnottrue.(which的先行词是hehadnobike)这种形容词从句总是非限制性的，常由which引导，用逗号分开20六、as,but作关系代词六、as,but作关系代词211.as做关系代词1）用于“thesame…as”,“such…as”和“as…as”的句型中，as引导限制性定语从句。eg.Heisjustthesameasheusedtobe.(as在从句中作主语补语）

Suchpassengersassurvivedtheexplosionweredrowned.(as在从句中作主语)

Asmanypeopleaswefoundweretakentothehospital.（第二个as在从句中作宾语）1.as做关系代词1）用于“thesame…as222）as(=which)可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，在句子中位置比较灵活。eg.Asyouknow,Davidwritesshortstories.Sheisateacher,asisclearfromhermanner.Water,asisknowntoall,isliquid.类似asyouknow的从句还有：aseverybodyknows,AsIhavesaid,asIsee,asI’mtold,asisusual,asIsoftenthecase,asmightbeexpected,asoftenHappens,asyoumayhaveheard,asyoumaysay等。2）as(=which)可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句232.but做关系代词but做关系代词时总是用于否定句，意思是：无人（无物）不…。eg.Thereisnoonebutknowsaboutthismatter.(=noonewhodoesnotknow=everyoneknows)（没有人不知道这件事。）

Notanewmanenteredpoliticsbutwassoonconvertedintoanofficialoftheoldtype.2.but做关系代词but做关系代词时总是用于否定句，意24Practice1.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems___________________(他们至今还没有答案).(2008.12)2.ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSis_______________(我们可以合作的领域).(2007.6)Practice1.Medicalresearcher25把以下每题的两个句子组成一个定语从句3.Mr.Smithwastoobusytospeaktome.Ihadcomespeciallytoseehim.4.Theplanehasflown10,000miles.IcametoLondoninit.5.Sherefusestousemachines.Thismakesherworkmoretime-consuming.把以下每题的两个句子组成一个定语从句26改错：6.Thisistheverybookwhichwillgiveyouthehelpyouneed.7.LetABCbeatrianglewhichsidesareofunequallength.8.Thedogschasedthefoxuntilithidinahollowtreewhenitcouldnotescape.改错：27参考答案:1.towhichtheystillhavenoanswerssofar.2.thefieldinwhichwecancooperate.3.Mr.Smith,whomIhadcomespecially