纽马克语义翻译与交际翻译课件

Communicative&SemanticTranslation——PeterNewmarkCommunicative&SemanticTransMainContentBackgroundCommunicative&SemanticTranslationCommentsMainContentBackgroundBackgroundPre-linguisticsperiodoftranslationOppositiontothemonistictheoryLinguisticsbasesBackgroundPre-linguisticsperiPre-linguisticsperiodoftranslationConflictbetweenfreeandliteraltranslation;

Noattempttodistinguishtypesorqualityoftexts;Strongontheory,butshortonmethodandpracticalexamples;Unawareofeachother’swork.Pre-linguisticsperiodoftranThemonistictheoryoftranslation“Thetwoconcepts(CT&ST)wereformulatedinoppositiontothemonistictheorythattranslationisbasicallyameansofcommunicationoramannerofaddressingoneormorepersonsinthespeakerspresence;thattranslationislikelanguage,ispurelyasocialphenomenon.”(Newmark,2001:62)e.g.Nida:Translatingiscommunicating.

ThemonistictheoryoftranslaLinguisticsbases

“Translationtheoryderivesfromcomparativelinguistics,andwithlinguistics,itismainlyanaspectofsemantics;allquestionsofsemanticrelatetotranslationtheory”Vygotsky：Innerspeechisnottheinterioraspectofexternalspeech,—itisafunctioninitself.Itistoalargeextentthinkinginpuringmeanings.

“Thinkingprecedesspeechandwriting.”Linguisticsbases

“TranslatioCommunicativeandSemantictranslationDefinitionComparisonofCT&STSimilaritiesbetweenCT&STCommunicativeandSemantictraDefinitionofCTandSTCommunicativetranslationattemptstoproduceonitsreadersaneffectascloseaspossibletothatobtainedonthereadersoftheoriginal.Semantictranslationattemptstorender,ascloselyasthesemanticandsyntacticstructuresofthesecondlanguageallow,theexactcontextualmeaningoftheoriginal.DefinitionofCTandSTCommuniSemanticTranslationVS.LiteralTranslationLiteraltranslation:theprimarysensesofthelexicalwordsoftheoriginalaretranslatedasthoughoutofcontext,butthesyntacticstructuresofthetargetlanguagearerespected.ThebasicdifferenceisthatSTrespectscontext,butliteraltranslationdoesnot.SemanticTranslationVS.LiterFlat“V”diagramSourceLanguageBiasTargetLanguageBiasLiteralFree

FaithfulIdiomatic

Semantic/CommunicativeFlat“V”diagramSourceLanguaConclusion:STcombinestheadvantagesofword-for-word,literal,faithfultranslation;whileCTcombinestheadvantagesofadaption,freeandidiomatictranslation.Itcanbecountedasthemostdesiredtranslationmethod.Conclusion:STcombinestheadComparisonofCT&STTransmitter/addresseefocusRelationtoSTUseofformofSLFormofTLAppropriatenessComparisonofCT&STTransmittTransmitter/addresseefocus

ST:Focusonthethoughtprocessesofthetransmitterasanindividual;shouldonlyhelpTTreaderwithconnotationsiftheyareacrucialpartofmessage;CT:Subjective,TTreaderfocused,orientedtowardsanspecificlanguageandculture.Transmitter/addresseefocus

STRelationtoSourceTextST:Always‘inferior’toST;lossofmeaning.CT:Maybe‘better’thantheST;‘gain’offorceandclarityeveniflossofsemanticcontent.RelationtoSourceTextST:AlwUseofformofSL

ST:IfSTlanguagenormsdeviate,thenthismustbereplicatedinTT;loyaltytoSTauthor.CT:RespectfortheformoftheSL,butoverriding‘loyalty’toTLnorms.UseofformofSL

ST:IfSTlaFormofTargetLanguageST:morecomplex,moreawkward,moredetailed,moreconcentrated,ittendstoovertranslateCT:smoother,simpler,clearer,moredirect,moreconventional,conformingtoaparticularregisteroflanguage,tendingtoundertranslateFormofTargetLanguageST:moAppropriatenessST:forseriousliterature,autobiography,‘personaleffusion’,anyimportantpolitical(orother)statement.CT:forthevastmajorityoftexts,e.g.non-literarywriting,technicalandinformativetexts,publicity,standardizedtypes,popularfiction.AppropriatenessST:forseriouTextTypesExpressivetextsInformativetextsVocativetextsTextTypesExpressivetextsWetpaint!A：湿油漆！（ST）

B：油漆未干，请勿触摸！（CT）《西游记》A：JourneytotheWest（ST）

B：PilgrimagetotheWest（CT）“谋事在人，成事在天”

A:Manproposes,Heavendisposes.(ST)B:Manproposes,Goddisposes.(CT)

Wetpaint!这是七月下旬，合中国旧历的三伏，一年最热的时候。(Ch’ienChung-shu,2010:1)ItwastowardtheendofJuly,equivalenttothe“san-fu”periodofthelunarcalendar—thehottestdaysoftheyear.(KellyandMao,2003:1)这是七月下旬，合中国旧历的三伏，一年最热的时候。(Ch’ieThroughtheLooking-Glass

《爱丽丝镜中奇遇记》“Feather,Isay!”“Whydoyousay‘Feather’sooften?”Aliceaskedatlast,rathervexed.“I’mnotabird!”“Youare,”saidthesheep:“youarealittlegoose”CT:“撇桨呀，我说！”阿丽思有点儿觉得她频气了，她就说，“你干嘛老说‘别讲’啊？我也没讲啊！”“什么没桨！”那绵羊说，“你手里摇的是什么，你简直是个笨猪。”(赵元任)ST:“我说，羽毛！”“为什么你老是说‘羽毛’？”爱丽丝觉得烦了，终于问道，“我又不是禽鸟！”“你是禽鸟，”绵羊说，“你是只小鹅。”(王永年)ThroughtheLooking-Glass

《爱丽丝父亲是前清举人，在本乡江南一个小县里做大绅士。Hisfatherhadpassedthesecond-degreeexaminationunderManchuruleandwasaprominentsquireinhisnativedistrictsouthoftheYangtze.(KellyandMao,2003:8)[Note:ThetraditionalChinesecivilexaminationsystemofferedthreeacademicdegrees,whichwereconductedatthreedifferentlevels-thecountry(orprefecture),theprovince,andthenationalcapital.Successfulcandidatesatthesethreelevelswereknownrespectivelyashsiu-ts’ai,chu-jen,andchin-shih.(KellyandMao,2003:353)]

（CT+ST）父亲是前清举人，在本乡江南一个小县里做大绅士。HisfatSimilaritiesbetweenCT&ST“Atranslationcanbemore,orless,semantic—more,orless,communicative—evenaparticularsectionorsentencecanbetreatedmorecommunicativelyorsemantically.”

（PeterNewmark,2001:40）SimilaritiesbetweenCT&ST“ASimila