考研英语写作讲义

..PAGE2.v.考研英语写作讲义byAlex内容安排第一局部大纲详解，熟悉题目小作文要求，目标得分及评分重点大作文要求，目标得分及评分重点语域第二局部取分技巧外表印象分字数行数书法标点修改可读真材实料分形式段落误区内容三个误区考试常见话题万金油理由扩展语言〔单词〕逻辑连词恶俗词汇〔句子〕由短写长得分句型第三局部文章构造和框架往年题目框架分析翻译式写作功能段第四局部精益求精翻译式八句作文法第四次作业框架使用建议18分必备来年第五局部图表作文第一段考察类型及常用单词和句式第六局部小作文〔应用文〕考察类型及格式，框架第七局部词汇附录第八局部实用语法附录第九局部文章附录91-08年考研作文题目汇总91Wheretolive环境均分92Understandingbetweenparentandchild教育93Advertisementontv社会94Makingfriend社会95Theprojecthope社会96Goodhealth安康97Smoking安康图表98Businesspromiseandguarantee社会单图99Humanpopulationandwildlifeprotection环境图表00Worldmercialfishing环境双图01Love社会单图11.102Cultural-nationalandinternational文化单图9.3603Youthdevelopment教育双图9.5604Neverstopmakingprogress社会单图9.6505“Footballmatch〞社会单图辞职信5.7510.8806Idolworship社会双图咨询信07Self-confidence社会双图建议信08cooperation单图抱歉信综述〔三最法〕第一大项，大纲详解考题介绍参见教材小作文约100字应用文〔信件，便签，备忘录〕考察重点大作文160-200字内容考察重点目标得分评分重点小作文1.2.3.4.5.大作文(各分值文章特点)1.2.3.4.语域第二大项，取分技巧外表印象分〔抓住第一眼〕12345Three二，真材实料分〔形式内容语言〕1段落形式误区一误区二2文章内容误区一对策误区二对策误区三对策第一次课作业写作常见话题万金油理由得出结论3文章语言〔4类〕〔进入翻译式作文初期〕A逻辑连词〔起承转合〕误区和重要性起承排列承接因果承接让步承接转合B多彩用词原那么恶俗呕吐词汇ITHINKTHISDIFFERENTTHINGISVERYIMPORTANT!!!ThinkDifferentImportantVery〔程度〕Thing其他尽量不出现的词汇：1.alotof/lotsof2.Everythinghastwosides/everycoinhastowsides3.And,because,but4.Noonecandenythat…/Undoubtedly5.Nowadays6.Itisawellknownfact…7.advantagesanddisadvantages8.Inmyopinion,Idis/agreewiththis9.humanbeing10.asweallknow词汇替换〔高级技巧〕1指示词2换词第二次课作业C黄金句式如何写长句〔5个变化〕12用在345黏合句子的方法〔〕经典得分句型〔必不可少〕123D使用谚语E练习方法/复习方案/做题顺序写作语言三大定律：第三大项文章构造往年试题框架性分析年份题目第一段要求第二段要求第三段要求97989900010203040506070809考研作文框架图开头段落〔第一段〕1nowadays,thereisagrowingconcernovertheissueofpeopleingrowingnumbersaredirectingtheirattentionto2asisvividlyshowninthepicture,wecanseeclearlythat….Itisclearlydepictedinthepicturethat…Accordingtothefiguresgiveninthechart.Accordingtoarecentsurvey/research/investigation/publicpoll主旨段落〔第二段〕1currently,oppositeviewsarepresentedinthedebate.Somepeoplefirmlybelievethat…..onthecontrary,quiteafewpeoplearguethat……2Obviouslyeverythinghasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages,andthisissueisnoexception,aboveall,…inaddition….moreimportantly…….however,thenegativeelementsshouldnotbeneglected……..notonly….butalso…..evenworse3forinstancetake…foranexampleacaseinpointis4whyshouldthisphenomenontakeplace"Therearegenerally3factorsaccountingforit5thepurposeofthepictureistoshowusthatdueattentionhastobepaidtothefact/phenomenonthat….indicates/revealsthat….结尾段落〔第三段〕1asaresult/consequence2thereisnodenyingthatthetendencyofincrease/declinereflectedfromthechartwillcontinueinthenearfuture3therefore,itisimperativethatweshouldtakesomedrasticmeasures议论文构造图1、Introduction：GeneraldescriptionDetails1,2,3Caption/Symbolicmeanings2、Body：1〕Topicsentence/Symbolicmeanings2〕Argument：background,facts,others’opinions,reasons,consequenceCauseandeffectClassificationDefinitionandexplanationStatisticsandfacts：Exemplification:pareandcontrast3〕Summary3、Conclusion：1〕Concludingsentence2〕Suggestions1、23〕Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvethisproblem.(Itishightimethatwesolvedthisproblem.)第三次课作业第四大项精益求精14分写作步骤：123主题论好话题：描述，意义，坏话题：描述，意义，翻译式八句作文法一，第一段详细框架第一句：引出句可选项1〔〕可选项2〔〕第二句：高含金量描述图画句如同这幅图画中生动描述的一样Asis〔〕shown〔〕inthepicture〔,…〔后接完整单独句子描写图画〕最重要!!如下图，两个残疾人，各自有一条腿，在路上快乐的向前奔跑，他们绑在一起，拐杖丢在一边，正如标题所说。。。思考：两图怎么写？第三句：总结句，推出第二段可选项1尽管图画很简单,但其寓意却是非常深奥的.Simpleasthepictureis,thesymbolicmeaningisasdeepasocean.可选项2作者的真实目的不是图画本身，而是要引导我们去探求在图画背后终究隐藏着什么二，第二段详细框架〔〕第一句：〔如果是反映现实的图片，〕如果不是反映现实的图片，就残疾人象征着每个人都有自己的弱点，而绑在一起就〔象征着〕能互相合作，共同克制困难第二句剩余句式加强意义写法可选项1根据一项调查，继续学习是很多人的目标，自信越来越重要，合作。。。可选项2可选项3虚拟好的情况假设如果没有，那么。。。如果没有自信，，，合作，，，那么我们将永远无法。。。坏的情况三．结尾段落详细框架Tomakeaconclusion第一句：简述总结第二句：好的现象坏的情况如此危急，解决这个问题刻不容缓。设问首先，法律和法规。。。第二，个人意识应该。。。第三，各国可以。。。第三句，展望，倒装只有在。。。。。人们才能。。。考研作文框架总结：使用建议根底中下的同学：根底不错的同学：想得18分，再看看这些一、~~~the+~est+名词+(that)+主词+haveever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc)~~~themost+形容词+名词+(that)+主词+haveever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc)Lackofinterpersonalskillsisoneofthemostseriousdefectsthatwehaveeverknownabouttoday’scollegestudents.缺乏人际交往技能是我们迄今所知的当今大学生的最大缺陷。〔能否放在第一句，做开头背景引言？〕二、Nothingis+~~~erthanto+VNothingis+more+形容词+thanto+V例句：Forparents,nothingismoreimportantthantoeducatechildreninaproperway.没有比以一种正确方式教育孩子更重要的事情了。〔能否用这种说法替换“这是最重要的。。。itisimportant〞〕三、~~~cannotemphasizetheimportanceof~~~toomuch.〔再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。〕例句：Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceoftoomuch.四、Thereisnodenyingthat+S+V...〔不可否认的...〕例句：Thereisnodenyingthatthepracticalityofourhighereducationhasgonefrombadtoworse.不可否认的，我们高等教育的实用性已经每况愈下。五、Thereasonwhy+句子~~~isthat+句子〔...的原因是...〕难度很高，慎用，假设用正确绝对高分〔思考历年考试的坏话题〕例句：Thereasonwhyalargenumberofcustomshavealteredagreatdealisthatmostofthemareconnectedwithsomesuperstitiousbeliefs,andtheycannotfitinthisworldwithhighly-developedtechnology.多数旧风俗习惯都产生了巨大的改变的原因是它们大多与封建迷信有关，与现代社会格格不入。六、Thatisthereasonwhy~~~〔那就是...的原因〕还有精力？再思考这句例句：Itcostsanastronomicalsumoffundtolockupsomanycriminalsandthat’sthereasonwhyimprisonmenthasimposedagreatstrainonthebudgetofanation.把如此多的罪犯关押起来需要消耗大量资金，那就是为什么监禁已经大大增加了国家负担的原因。七、So+形容词+be+主词+that+句子〔如此...以致于...〕例句：Sopervasiveareadvertisementsthatnoonecanavoidbeinginfluencedbythem.广告是如此盛行，每个人都难免不受它们的影响。八、The+more+Adj+S+V,~~~the+more+Adj+S+V~~~〔愈...愈...〕难度很高，慎用，假设用正确绝对高分〔思考历年考试的好话题〕Themorechildrenareencouragedtogetintouchwithvariousaspectsofsociety,themoreprehensivetheirknowledgewillbe.越鼓励孩子接触社会的各个方面，他们学习的知识会更全面。九、be+forced/pelled/obliged+to+V〔不得不...〕难道“不得不〞只能用haveto吗翻译：只有在和平的环境里，人们才有精力去重视体育赛事。奥运会就是一个很有说服力的例子，因为在历史上它由于战争而数次被迫取消。Onlyinapeacefulenvironmentcanpeoplelayemphasisonsportsevents.TheOlympicGamesisaconvincingexamplebecauseithasbeenpelledtobecancelledseveraltimesinitshistoryduetowars..十、Itpaysto+V~~~〔...是值得的。〕难道“值得〞这么难翻译？！例句：Itpaystocreateafairatmosphereinwhichbothmalesandfemalescooperateandpeteonanequalfooting.创造一个让男女平等合作竞争的良好环境是值得的。十一、Sparenoeffortto+V〔不遗余力的〕用在最后一段的建议措施和喊口号Developednationsshouldsparenoefforttofinancetheireconomicallydisadvantagedcounterparts.兴旺国家应该不遗余力地资助贫国。十二、Thereexiststhepossibilityof+Ving(存在...的可能性)难道只会用maybe,could,perhaps"Thereexiststhepossibilityofwronginganinnocentperson有可能冤枉无辜的人。十三、Anadvantageof~~~isthat+句子〔...的优点是...〕例句：Anadvantageofchildren’sparticipatinginsomepaidworkisthatthispracticecancultivatetheirindependence,self-determinationandsenseofresponsibility.孩子参加有偿劳动的一个优点是这种实践可以培养小孩的独立性、自主性和责任感。十四、By+Ving,~~can~~〔借着...，..能够..〕例句：Byputtingtheresponsibilityintothegovernment’shand,citizenscanenjoyahigherlevelofassuranceinquality.借着将这种职责放在政府手中，市民在质量上能够享有更高程度的保障。十五、doone‘sutmostto+V=doone‘sbest〔尽全力去...〕例句：schoolsshoulddotheirutmosttoensurethestudents’soundgrowth.学校应尽全力去确保学生的安康成长。来年第四次课作业写任何一篇练习文章之前，翻译及默写以下句子。第四节课精益求精三X讲义上所有的句子也都必须翻译和默写现在，。。。。问题获得了越来越多的的关注越来越多的的人开场注意到。。。随着。。。的开展，。。。的问题引起了群众的专注当谈论到。。。时，人们有不同的观点如同图画生动的描述，我们能够清晰的看到。。。这个发人深省的图片形象的描述了。。。根据图表所给的数据。。。根据最新的调查，现在，在辩论中出现了相对的观点，有些人坚信。。。然而，还有很多人认为。。。凡事有两面，这个问题也不例外，首先，。。。。其次。。。更重要的是。。。。然而，负面因素也不应该被忽略，它不仅。。。而且。。。更糟糕的是。。。以。。。。为例下面几个例子可以最好的解释这种发人深省的说法在我听过的，看到的，经历过的所有和这个话题相关的例子中，最有说服力的是。。。〔参见精益求精〕这种情况为什么会发生？总的来说有三个原因考虑到这个问题的方方面面，它的变化归结为三个原因这幅图片的目的是告诉我们对于。。。应该赋予关注这个图片说明了。。。这个图片所传达的东西远远不止一个。。。的问题，相反，它的意思是。。。作者的真实意图并不是事实本身，而是希望带着我们去发现隐藏在背后的东西〔参见精益求精〕就我而言在考虑到以上所有因素的根底上，我们得出一个结论。。。上面我所说的只是能够解释这个问题的例子中的一局部TheaboveexamplesIhavegivenarebutafewofthemanythatcouldillustratethecase…毫无疑问，这种图表中反映的。。。。。。的趋势将在未来继续因此，我们采取严格的措施是必须的。我认为，应该立刻采取两种有效的方法去解决这个问题在过去。。。年里，发生了。。。〔参考精益求精〕在某某地方有某某东西在做某某事情，状态。。。〔参考精益求精〕某某东西象征着某某东西，而某某东西指的就是现实生活中的某某。。。〔参考精益求精〕最后思考：建议措施有几种？？政府应该。。。个人应该。。。国家间应该。。。〔参考精益求精〕第五大项图表作文图表描述放在哪里？一，图表的类型柱状图:barchart,饼状图piechart,线性图linechart,表格statistics，table二，考察类型动态图线性图常用语言上升Riseincreasegrowexpandascend下降:Dropfalldescendreducegodown程度:Sharpdrasticintensiveremarkablegraduallyslowlyslightlygently保持Remain/stay/stable/steady/constant/unchanged波动Riseandfallfluctuate1.asisclearlydisplayedinthe……..,thenumberof………动词。。。。。。from时间to时间2或者继续描写其他变化柱状图与表格图和线性图类似静态图饼图常用语言1.asisclearlystatedinthe………,thetotal…isdividedintofourparts.2.Amakesup%、%standsforB、%referstoC、%isdefinedasD或Thetotal…isdividedintoparts,withA,B,CandDmakingup%%%and%respectively.3.meanwhile……isthelargestpart.图表万能总结句型:尽管图中的数字看起来是孤立存在的,但事实上他们是严密相连的.Isolatedasthefiguresseemtobe,asamatteroffact,theyareconnectedtooneanotherclosely.

对于出现图表的题目写法得出结论第一句第二句第三句第六大项应用文应用文的介绍以及判分重点〔见第一页〕二，应用文的考察类型...v.投诉信建议信感谢信号召信邀请信抱歉信辞职信合同求学信求助信〔咨询〕申请信求职信推荐信便条简历备忘录寻物启事招领启事摘要..PAGE.v.应用文的固定格式书信格式：〔一〕称呼写给机构不认识负责人：DearSirorMadam,DearSir/Madam,Towhomitmayconcern,认识负责人：DearMr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,DearPresident(Michael)Wang,写给个人1〕关系不亲密：DearMr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,DearPresident(Michael)Wang,2〕关系亲密：DearMichael,〔二〕正文：〔三〕落款Yourssincerely,LiMingMemo格式From:To:Cc:Subject:Keywords:Date:正文四，应用文的六句口诀123456注意：首段说明写作目的，中间段扩展内容，注意读信人的感受，末段说明礼貌，并说出自己的期望。五，分类讲解〔翻译式七句写作法〕投诉信Iamwritingtomakeaplaintabout…Ianwritingtoexpressmyconcern/dissatisfaction/disappointmentabout…Ifeelbad/sorrytotroubleyoubutIamafraidIhavetomakeaplaintabout…Iwishtodrawyourattentiontotheproblem/fault…thatIbought…Itrustyouwilltakemyplainsseriouslyand…Iwillappreciateitverymuchifyoucould…Iwouldbeperfectlysatisfiedifyoucankindly…Iunderstandyouwillgiveimmediateattentiontothismatter.Iwouldliketohavethismattersettledbytheendof…Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould…Iwouldappreciateitifyoucould…首段1.我写信来是希望就。。。表达我的。。。，2.我希望能够。。。因为我发现。。。主体1我必须说明，以下两点导致了我的。。。，2第一。。。第二。。。结尾1为了解决这个问题，我希望有关方面重视，2我确信，对我而言，唯一能够解决的方法是。。。，3因此，如果你们能。。。我将不胜感谢。一Iamwritingtoexpress/dissatisfaction/disappointment/concernregardingIwouldpreferto〔可以换词〕asIfind二Imustexplainthatthereasonformydissatisfactionis.Foronething,foranother,三Tosolvethisproblem/surmountthisdifficulty/improvethissituation/crackthishardnut,Ihopetodrawtheattentionoftheauthoritiesconcerned.IamsureyouwillagreethattheonlysolutionisformetoTherefore,Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould感谢信IamextremelygratefultoyouforyourkindhelpIreallyappreciateyourtimelyassistanceIamwritingtoexpressmygratitudefor….Haditnotbeenforyourkindassistance,Iwouldhave…首段1写信表示感谢2什么事情主体1要不是你做了。。。。。2我无法。。。。3每个人都认为你很好。。。。。结尾1再次感谢2如果人人都像你，世界将。。。一Iamwritingtoexpressmyheartfeltgratitude.Iamreferringto。。。二。Ifithadnotbeenforyour。。。。。。。。。。。,Ifearthattheconsequencesmighthavebeenmuchserious.Everyoneagreesthatitwasyour。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。thathasledtothissatisfactoryoute.三Iamextremelygratefultoyouforyourkindhelp。Althoughnowadayspeopleinmountingnumberstalkabouttheneedtobeunselfish,weseeveryfewpeoplepracticewhattheypreach.Ifthereweremorepeoplelikeyou,thisworldwouldbeamuchnicerplace.求职信IamwritinginresponsetoyouradvertisementinChinaDailyofJune8…IwritethislettertoapplyforthepositionthatyouhaveadvertisedinBeijingYouthThursday…Youradvertisedpositionofgeneralmanagerassistantinterestsme…Iamwritingtoexpressmyinterestinyourrecentlyadvertisedpositionforawaitress…Iwouldliketoapplyforthevacancyof…Iamwritingthislettertoremendmyselfasaqualifiedcandidateforthejobofsenioraccountantyouhaveadvertisedin…Iwritethislettertosubmitmyapplicationfor…Ihaveenclosedmyresumethatoutlineindetailmyqualificationsandexperience.Shouldyougrantmeapersonalinterview,Iwouldbemostgrateful.Anyfavorableconsiderationofmyapplicationwillbehighlyappreciated.ThankyouforconsideringmyapplicationandIamlookingforwardtomeetingyou.Ifyouneedtoknowmoreaboutme,pleasecontactmeat…首段1我写信来，因为我对您在。。。。〔日期〕。。。〔地方〕登的广告上的。。。职位感兴趣。2附上简历〔看要求〕主体段落：1我的工作经历2我的个性3所以我认为我适应结尾段落：1期待见面或面试时机2表示感谢一．Iwritethislettertoapplyforthepositionof。。。。thatyouhaveadvertisedin。。。。of。。。。Ihaveenclosedmyresumethatoutlineindetailmyqualificationsandexperience.二．I曾经做过。。。。。，inaddition,Iam。。。。。。。。therefore,IbelieveIamsuitedtobe(do)。。。三．Shouldyougrantmeapersonalinterview,Iwouldbemostgrateful.推荐信1) Iamwritingtoyoutoremend…2) Iwouldliketopresent…foryourconsiderationinyoursearchforqualifiedmanager.3) Withreferencetoyourrequirements,Ishall,withoutreservation,remend…asanidealcandidate.Towhomitmayconcern,ThisisProf.××from××University.%%hasaskedmeforaremendationlettertosupporthimtoenteryourdistinguisheduniversity.Ashisadvisor,Ifeelhonoredtosatisfyhisrequest.1) Therefore,Idon’thesitatetoremend…astherightpersonforyourconsideration.2) Iwouldliketolendmysupportto…forhis…3) IamwillingtostandbyMr./Ms…for…4) Anyfavorableconsiderationtothisletterwouldbeconsideredapersonalfavor.5) IwouldliketothankyouforyourattentiontothisletterandrestatemysupporttoMr.…6) Beforeconcludingtheletter,Iwouldagainapplymyselftoconvincingyouthat…Iamreadytoprovideanyfurtherinformationuponyourrequest.Pleasedonothesitatetocontactmeifnecessary.首段1我写信来推荐。。谁。。。去做。。。2这个人和我的关系主体1为何推荐2这个人的经历成绩3个性推荐用词聪明？IntelligentIngeniousTalentGiftedHaveinsightfulopinions勤奋DiligentIndustriousHardworking性格HumorousAmiableSociableEnthusiasticReadyforhelpCooperativeTeamspiritleadership结尾1因此推荐2确信正确选择一Iamwritingtoyoutoremend,oneofmy…..,forthispost.二．Withhisoutstandingleadershipandcheerfulpersonality,hewas.-Whatismore,heloveshisjobandenjoysworkingThishaswonhimgreatpopularity三Therefore,Idonothesitatetoremendhimasanidealcandidateforthepostyouadvertised.Iamsureyouwillmakeawisedecisioninhiringhim.咨询信DearSirorMadam,Iama。。。。。。。。。。withawishto…………...andIwouldbegratefulifyouwouldbekindenoughtoprovidemewith….First,Second,Third,Ilookforwardtoyourreply,Yourssincerely,LiMingDirections:Youwanttostudyatacertainforeignuniversity.Writealettertoaskaboutthesituationthereasregardsacmodationandfees,possiblescholarsips,andwhatqualificationsoneneedsforacceptance.DearSirorMadam,IamaChinesestudentwhowishtoapplyforadmissionintoyourprestigiousuniversity.Myplanistostartmycoursenextterm,andIwouldbegratefulifyouwouldbekindenoughtoprovidemewithcertainessentialinformation.First,whatqualificationsdoIneedtofollowacourseofstudyatyouruniversity"Ialreadyhaveabachelor’sdegreefromBeijingUniversity,butIwonderifthereareanyfurtheracademicrequirements.Second,howmucharethetuitionfees"AlthoughIintendtobeself-supporting,Iwouldbeinterestedtohearifthereareanyscholarshipsavailableforinternationalstudents.Third,whatisthesituationasregardsacmodationIlookforwardtoyourreply,andtoattendingyouresteemedinstitution.Yourssincerely,LiMing〔124〕邀请信一IwillholdadinnerpartyatmyhouseontoAsyouare……朋友等..,wewouldverymuchlikeyoutoparticipateinthecelebrationandshareourjoy.二TheoccasionwillstartatThiswillbefollowedby三Ifyoudonothaveanypriorappointmentonwelookforwardtothepleasureofyourpany.活动公告Toimprove，the人名或者组织名isorganizingatobeheldon时间日期地点Thosewhoareinterestedintakingpartinitmay……….Everybodyisweletobepresentat……………〔结尾署名〕抱歉信写作策略：首段：主体段落：结尾段：Iamwritingthislettertoexpressmyregret…Iamwritingtoapologizefor…Iwouldliketogiveyoumyapologyfor…Iamverysorrytosaythat…Imustapologizeabout(not)doingsth…Pleaseacceptmysincereapologyfor…Onceagain,IamsorryforanyinconvenienceIhavecaused.Pleaseallowmetosaysorryagain.Ihopeyoucanacceptmyapologiesandunderstandmysituation.Isincerelyhopethatyouwillbeabletothinkinmypositionandacceptmyapologies.IwanttoletyouknowhowregretfulIamfeelingnow.IamsorrythatIcan’t…andtrustthatyouwillbeabletounderstand.例文Ihavealwaysbeencherishingthebookastreasures.However,Ihaveacatacpanywithme,whooftenjumpsupanddowntopleasemewhileIamreading.Yesterday,ithappenedtoknockoverthecupandoutspoiledthecoffee.Unfortunately,fourpagesofthebookwerestained.Astheonlyfriendandroommateinthehouse,Icannotpunishherbutmyself.Ihavecontactedthepublishinghousetoorderanewone.Ifnotpossible,Iamreadyforanyreasonable

penalty.SorryforanyinconvenienceIhavecaused. Sincerelyyours, LiMing辞职信和抱歉信类似第七大项，词汇附录考研写作最常用词汇...v.1、accident

n.意外事件,事故

2、achievement

n.成就,功绩

3、activityn.活泼,活动性,行动,行为,

4、adopt[E5dCpt]vt.采用,收养

5、advantage[Ed5vB:ntidV]n.优势,有利条件,利益6、Afford

vt.[常与can,could,beableto连用]担负得起费用(损失、后果等),花费得起,经受得住;抽得出(时间)

7、ambition

n.野心,雄心

8、approach

n.接近,逼近,走进,方法,步骤,途径,通路vt.接近,动手处理vi.靠近

9、attract

vt.吸引vi.有吸引力,引起注意

10、bribe[braib]n.贿赂vt.贿赂,向...行贿11、chance[tFB:ns]n.时机,可能性,偶然性,运气

12、cheat[tFi:t]n.欺骗,骗子v.欺骗,骗取

13、client[5klaiEnt]n.[计]顾客,客户,委托人

14、munication[kE7mju:ni5keiFn]n.传达,信息,交通,通讯

15、pare[kEm5pZE]v.比拟,相比,比喻n.比拟16、pete[kEm5pi:t]vi.比赛,竞争

17、Concentrate[5ksentreit]v.集中,浓缩

18、Consequently[5kRnsIkwEntlI]adv.从而,因此

19、contribution[7ktri5bju:FEn]n.捐献,奉献,投稿

20、Convenient[kEn5vi:njEnt]adj.便利的,方便的21、decline[di5klain]vi.下倾,下降,下垂v.拒绝,衰落

22、decrease[di:5kri:s]n.减少,减少之量v.减少

23、demand[di5mB:nd]n.要求,需求(量),需要v.要求,需要,要求知道,查询

24、Depict[di5pikt]vt.描述,描写

25、Duality[dju(5Aliti]n.二元性26、Economy[i(5kEmi]n.经济,节约,节约措施,经济实惠,系统,机体,经济制度的状况

27、education[7edju(5keiFEn]n.教育,训导,训练,培养,教育学

28、effect[i5fekt]n.结果,效果,作用,影响,(在视听方面给人流下的)印象

29、Efficiency[i5fiFEnsi]n.效率,成效

30、Emphasis[5emfEsis]n.强调,重点31、enjoy[in5dVCi]vt.享受...的乐趣,欣赏,喜爱

32、Enrich[in5ritF]vt.使富足,使肥沃,装饰,加料于,浓缩

33、ensure[in5FuE]vt保证,担保,使平安,保证得到v.确保,确保,保证

34、Entertain[7entE5tein]vt.娱乐,招待,承受,怀抱vi.款待

35、Environment[in5vaiErEnmEnt]n.环境,外界

36、Expense[Ik5spens]n.费用,代价,损失,开支,费钱之物

37、fee[fi:]n.费(会费、学费等),酬金

38、figure[5fi^E]n.外形,轮廓,体形,图形,画像,数字,形状,身份

39、finance[fai5nAns,fi-]n.财政,金融,财政学vt.供应...经费,负担经费vi.筹措资金40、fulfill[ful5fil]vt.履行,实现,完成(方案等)

41、GDPabbr.国内生产总值(grossdomesticproduct)

42、Government[5^QvEnmEnt]n.**,<英>内阁,政治,政体

43、healthy[5helWi]adj.安康的,强健的,有益于安康的

44、Implement[5implimEnt]n.工具,器具vt.贯彻,实现v.执行

45、implication[7impli5keiFEn]n.牵连,含意,暗示46、improve[im5pru:v]v.改善,改良

47、indicate[5indikeit]vt.指出,显示,象征,预示,需要,简要地说明

48、indifferent[In5dIfrEnt]adj.与to连用)不感兴趣的；漠不关心的；不注意的

49、inseparable[In5sepErEb(E)l]adj.不能别离的；不能分开的

50、Internet[5IntEnet]n.〈计〉因特网，互联网51、Issue[5isju:]n.出版,发行,(报刊等)期、号,论点,问题,结果,(水,血等的)流出vi.发行,流出,造成...结果,进展辩护,传下

52、maximum[5mAksimEm]n.最大量,最大限度,极大adj.最高的,最多的,最大极限的

53、Measure[5meVE]n.尺寸,量度器,量度标准,方法,测量,措施vt.测量,测度,估量,分派,权衡,调节vi.量

54、Media[5mi:djE]n.媒体

55、million[5miljEn]num.百万,百万个56、mobilize[5mEubilaiz]v.发动

57、necessity[ni5sesiti]n.必要性,需要,必需品

58、negative[5ne^Etiv]n.否认,负数,底片adj.否认的,消极的,负的,阴性的

59、Offspring[5RfsprIN;(")5C:f-]n.(单复数同形)儿女,子X,后代,产物

60、operation[7CpE5reiFEn]n.运转,操作,实施,作用,业务,工作,手术,军事行动61、Patient[5peiFEnt]n.病人,患者adj.忍耐的,耐心的

62、performance[pE5fC:mEns]n.履行,执行,成绩,性能,表演,演奏

63、phenomenon[fi5nCminEn]n.现象

64、pollution[pE5lu:FEn,-5lju:-]n.污染,玷污

65、Popular[5pCpjulE]adj.通俗的,流行的,受欢送的66、population[7pCpju5leiFEn]n.人口

67、poverty[5pCvEti]n.贫穷,贫困,贫乏,缺少

68、present[pri5zent]n.赠品,礼物,现在,瞄准adj.现在的,出席的,当面的

69、pressure[`preFE(r)]n.压,压力,电压,压迫,强制,紧迫

70、priority[prai5Criti]n.先,前,优先,优先权71、producer[prE5dju:sE]n.生产者,制作者,演出人,(电影)制片人

72、Protect[prE5tekt]vt.保护

73、Protection[prE5tekFEn]n.保护

74、Punish[5pQniF]vt.惩罚,处分

75、quality[5kwCliti]n.质量,品质,性质76、realize[5riElaiz]vt.认识到,了解,实现,实行

77、reduce[ri5dju:s]vt.减少,缩小,简化,复原

78、relationship[ri5leiFEnFip]n.关系,关联

79、report[ri5pC:t]n.报告,传说,

80、Responsible[ris5psEbl]adj.有责任的,可靠的,可依赖的,负责的81、retailer[5ri:teIlE(r)]n.零售商

82、Reveal[ri5vi:l]vt.展现,显示,提醒,暴露

83、satisfactory[7sAtis5fAktEri]adj.满意的,赎罪的

84、significance[si^5nifikEns]n.意义,重要性

85、similar[5similE]adj.相似的,类似的86、situation[7sitju5eiFEn]n.情形,境遇,(建筑物等的)位置

87、slogan[5slEu^En]n.口号,标语

88、Source[sC:s]n.来源,水源,消息来源,原始资料,发起者

89、statistic[stE5tIstIk]n.统计数值，统计量

90、steady[5stedi]adj.稳固的,稳定的,坚决的,扎实的,坚决不移的91、Strategy[5strAtidVi]n.策略,军略

92、Sustainable[sE`steInEbl]adj.可以忍受的,足可支撑的,养得起的

93、totally[5tRt(E)lI]adv.完全地,整全地

94、traffic[5trAfik]n.交通,通行,运输,贸易,交通量,交易,交往,通信量

95、Vividlyadv.生动地,鲜明地...v.替换词汇Showindicaterevealreflect,demonstrate,imply,suggest,illustrateImportantbeofimportancesignificant,vital,essential,critical.crucial.playakeyrolegreatincreasesharp,dramatic,sizable,significant,enomousprofound,thinkassume,reckon,insist,asfarasIamconcerned,inmyeyes...v.able—capable,allthetime—continually,continuously,constantly,perpetuallyalot—noticeably,considerably,agreatdeal,substantiallyalotof—many,numerous,awidevarietyof(themes),awholerangeof,awidespectrumof(problems,themes,etc),anabundanceof(opportunities,sourcesetc.)amount—quantityasaresult—consequentlybasically—essentially,inessence,substantiallybeesmaller—beonthedecline,beonthedecrease,decline,decrease,diminish,dwindle,recedebeeworse—deterioratebefore—priortobetter—superiorbe(e)usedto—be(e)accustomedtobig—major,significant,substantialcarryout—conduct,execute,mit,implementchange—alter,alteration,modify,modificationdo—conduct,transact(business)donot—failto,omittoend—conclusion(tobringsth.Toaconclusion)enough—ample,sufficient,adequate(grounds,evidence,preparation,resourcesetc.)fairly—paratively,moderatelyfindout—discern,discover(thecauseof,factorsbehindsth.Etc.)fitting—proper,appropriatehave—contain,beequippedwith,possessif—intheeventof,incase(of)intheend—eventually,finally,ultimatelykeep(doing)—continue,continually,continuously,consistently,constantly,persistinknow—beawareof,conversantwith,familiarwithlater—subsequent(ly)lessandless—decreasing(ly)let,allow—permitlike—tobepartialtosth.,likinglookat—consider,examine(argument,fact),explore,investigate(possibility),observe(behaviour)money—funding,funds,resourcesmoreandmore—increasinglymuch—considerably,substantiallyneed—demand,requirenextto—adjacentnow—atpresent,atthisjuncture,atthismoment,currentlyoften—frequent(ly)quick(ly)—rapid(ly),prompt(ly)rich,wealthy—affluent,opulent(society,life-style)right—appropriate,correct,properrough(ly)—approximate,correct,propersetup—establish(anewstate,agovernment,abusiness),institute(custom,inquiry,restrications,democracy,rule,government)shape—abrupt,drastic(riseandfalls)show—demonstrate,evince,manifestreveal,divulgeside—aspect(ofaproblem)small—minororinsignificant(problems,differencesetc),marginal(differences)therefore—consequentlything—element,aspect,object,factor,considerationtoo—excessively,inordinately,undulytoomany—anexcessivenumberof,adisproportionatenumberoftoomuch—excessive(ly)try—endeavor,striveunderstand—appreciateupsanddowns—vicissitudes(ofwar,history,fortune)very—extremely,intheextreme,immensely,intenselyyield—produce(results)...v.危害harmendanger/damage/threaten获得getobtain/acquire/derivefrom解决solvesettle/resolve/tackle问题/危机/灾难problemdifficulty/crisis/disaster著名的famousdistinguished/prestigious/enjoyahighreputation充足的enoughsufficient/adequate/abundant出色的good/greatremarkable/marvelous/impressive严重的badserious/severe/grave快乐的happydelighted/ingoodmood/inhighspirits很多的manyinnumerable/countless/alargenumberof象征：symbolize,emblematize,indicate,represent,signify,s