医院管理系统中英文翻译资料

PAGE6文献翻译医院管理系统医院是一个复杂的系统，病人从挂号、就诊、划价、取药每一个服务机构，当某项服务的现有需求超过提供该服务的现有能力时，排队现象就会发生，由于患者到达的时间和诊治患者所需时间的随机性，可控性小，排队几乎是不可避免的，当诊室不足时，常出现患者排队等待时间太长,患者满意度下降，医务人员工作过于忙乱，易出差错引起医患纠纷，对患者和社会都会带来不良影响。因此如何合理科学安排医护人员及其医疗设备，使医院不会盲目增加医生和设备造成不必要的空闲，形成资源浪费，又使患者排队等待时间尽可能减少，如何在这两者之间取得平衡,以便提高服务质量,降低服务费用，这是现代医院管理者必须面对的课题。排队论模型，是通过数学方法定量地、对一个客观复杂的排队系统的结构和行为进行动态模拟研究，科学、准确地描述排队系统的概率规律，排队论也是运筹学的一个重要的分支学科〔1，2〕。在医院管理中，如果在排队论的基础上，对医院门诊、诊室的排队系统的结构和行为进行科学的模拟和系统的研究。从而对诊室和医生安排进行最优设计，以获得反映其系统本质特征的数量指标结果,进行预测、分析或评价，最大限度地满足患者及其家属的需求，将有效避免资源浪费。通过排队论对医院业务不足的分析，采用计算机对医院管理系统的使用是势在必行的，报告证明，实行信息化管理可以提升医院的整体形象，让人切实感受到医院的正规化、现代化管理，增强医院在当地的影响力、竞争力，从而提高医院的经济效益；完善的信息化管理系统可以帮助医院实现科学准确的内部管理。以前医院在管理上因为各类信息不完善，不准确、不及时的信息经常产生病人费用漏、跑、错费现象；物资管理方面由于信息不准确，医院对自身的家底不明，造成积压浪费，以至物不能尽其用。使用HIS实时管理各种财务单据、库存物资、药品等是解决上述问题的有效途径。如在药品管理方面，采用了国家规定的GSP管理规范，使得地方医院在药品供应管理与药品有效期管理等方面更加方便规范，大大增强医院用药的安全性。医院信息化系统的有效运行，可大幅度提高各部门的工作效率和质量，减轻各类事务性工作靠手工操作的劳动强度。同时资料精确度的提高使医院在财务、划价、下医嘱等环节人为造成的错误率降为零，使医务工作人员能够腾出更多的精力和时间服务于病人，保证病人经济利益的同时也为医院创造了经济效益。1随机模型在各种排队系统中，随机性是它们的一个共性，而且起着根本性的作用。顾客的到达间隔时间与顾客所需的服务时间中，至少有一个具有随机性，否则问题就太简单了。排队论主要研究描述系统的一些主要指标的概率分布，分为三大部分：1）排队系统的性态问题研究排队系统的性态问题就是研究各种排队系统的概率规律，主要包括系统的队长、顾客的等待时间和逗留时间，以及忙期等的概率分布，包括它们的瞬时性质和统计平衡下的性态。排队系统的性态问题是排队论研究的核心，是排队系统的统计推断和最优化问题的基础。从应用方面考虑，统计平衡下的各个指标的概率性质尤为重要。2）排队系统的统计推断为了了解和掌握一个正在运行的排队系统的规律，就需要通过多次观测、搜集数据，然后利用数理统计的方法对得到的数据进行加工处理，推断所观测的排队系统的概率规律，从而应用相应的理论成果来研究和解决排队系统的有关问题。排队系统的统计推断是已有理论的成果应用实际系统的基础性工作，结合排队系统的特点，发展这类特殊随机过程的统计推断方法是非常必要的。3）

排队系统的最优化问题排队系统的最优化问题包括系统的最优设计和已有系统的最优运行控制，前者是在服务系统设置之前，对未来运行的情况有所估计，使设计人员有所依据。后者是对已有的排队系统寻求最优运行策略，例如库房领取工具，当排队领取工具的工人太多，就增设服务员，这样虽然增加了服务费用，但另一方面却减少了工人领取工具的等待时间，即增加了工人的有效生产时间，这样带来的好处可能远远超过服务费用的增加。学习和应用排队论知识就是要解决客观系统的最优设计或运行管理，创造更好的经济效益和社会效益。1.1系统描述以医院门诊为研究对象，它有如下特征：①输入过程:患者的到达是相互独立，相继到达的时间间隔是随机的；一定时间的到达服从Poisson分布。②排队规则:从先到先服务,且为等待制,即患者到达时所有诊室和医生都没有空闲,他们就要排队等待。③服务时间:患者诊治时间是相互独立的,服从负指数分布。④服务窗口:多服务台,C个服务台并联排列,各服务台独立工作。1.2模型假设及建立假设患者平均到达率为λ，单个服务台的平均服务率（表示单位时间被服务完的患者数）为μ，整个服务机构的平均服务率cμ；系统的服务强度ρ=λ/cμ<1时才不会排成无限的队列（服务台的平均利用率），pn(c)为C个服务台任意时刻系统中有n个患者的概率；当到达率为λ，服务率为cμ的生灭过程达到稳态时，可得：3结语到医院就诊排队是一种司空见惯的现象，由于患者到达和医疗服务时间的随机性，患者来源数量在理论上是无限的，而医疗资源是有限的，如何在有限资源配置下，利用上述排队模型理论和计算机模拟，结合患者的服务记录获得的相关数据，对其做出定性、定量的数量指标，进而进行预测、分析和评价，通过优化设计，实施动态管理，根据医院的实力，完善设施和配备，合理增加医护人员的数量，提高医生的诊疗技术水平，有效缩短平均诊疗时间及其波动程度，提高效率，缩短等候时间，统一诊疗程序，为患者排忧解难。显然，应用排队论，一方面可以有效地解决医院服务系统中人员和设备的配置问题,为医院管理提供可靠的决策依据；另一方面通过系统优化,找出患者与医院两者之间的平衡点，既减少患者排队等待时间，又不浪费医院人力物力，从而获取最大的社会效益和经济效益。医院信息管理系统的建设是一项长期而复杂的工程，它涉及到医院的方方面面，院方只有做好全局规划，精细化业务环节并对行业市场进行严格论证，最终才能取得好的效果。当然，我们也应该清楚，信息系统集成技术作为一种管理手段引入医院后，它的基本要求是规范化和严密性，医务工作人员应该改变和克服手工作业的思想意识，以适应计算机网络化管理的要求。这是对几十年来传统医疗管理的挑战，只有建立现代化的医院工作制度和规程，把医院的实际管理与应用软件的功能有机结合起来，才能够达到理想的管理效果。解决排队难的问题，为病人的治疗提供一线保障。医院信息管理系统不仅仅只是医院管理现代化的标志，更重要的是已经成为医院的核心竞争能力之一，成为医院持续性发展的一个重要组成部份。随着医院改革的不断深入，加快医院信息化建设，将有利于医院管理者把握改革的大方向，有利于加强医院管理,提高社会效益和经济效益。附录2英文原文HospitalManagementSystemHospitalisacomplexsystem,fromtheregisteredpatients,medical,designatedprices,getmedicineeachserviceagencies,whenaserviceoftheexistingdemandfortheservicesprovidedovertheexistingcapacity,willtakeplaceinthequeue,becauseofthearrivalofTimeandtimerequiredfordiagnosisandtreatmentofpatientswiththerandomness,controllabilitysmall,thequeueisalmostinevitable,whentheClinicisinsufficient,andoftenappearinthequeuewaitingtimeistoolong,patientsatisfactiondeclined,medicalpersonnel,toohurry,easytoErrorpatientdisputesarisingfromthepatientsandthecommunitywillhaveanadverseimpact.Sohowreasonablescientificandmedicalequipmentformedicalstaff,hospitaldoctorsandwillnotblindlyincreaseunnecessaryidleequipment,awasteofresources,sothatpatientswaitasmuchaspossibletoreducethetime,howtostrikeabalancebetween,Inordertoimproveservicequality,reduceservicecosts,thisisamodernhospitaladministratorsmustfacetheissue.queuingtheorymodel,throughmathematicsandquantitativemethods,theobjectiveofacomplexsystemofqueuingbehaviorofthestructureanddynamicsimulationstudies,science,andaccuratelydescribestheprobabilityofthequeue,thequeueofoperationsresearchisanimportantbranchof[1,2].Inhospitalmanagement,ifthequeuingtheoryonthebasisofthehospitalout-patient,thequeuingsystem'sofficeofthestructureandbehaviorofthescientificsimulationandsystems.Andthedoctor'sofficetoarrangeforoptimaldesign,toobtainessentialcharacteristicsoftheirsystemstoreflectthenumberofindicatorsofresults,forecast,analysisorevaluation,themaximumtomeettheneedsofpatientsandtheirfamilies,willeffectivelyavoidwasteofresources.Throughthequeuingtheorytotheshortageofhospitalbusinessanalysis,acomputermanagementsystemforhospitaluseisinevitable,thereportshowsthatimplementationofinformationmanagementcanenhancetheoverallimageofthehospital,thehospitalpeopletoeffectivelyfeelthestandardizationandmodernizationManagement,enhancethelocalhospitalintheinfluenceofcompetitiveness,soastoenhancetheeconomicbenefitsofthehospital;improvetheinformationmanagementsystemcanhelphospitalsachievescientificaccuracyofinternalmanagement.Hospitalmanagementinthepastbecauseallinformationisimperfect,isnotaccurate,timelyinformationoftendonothaveapatientcostleakage,run,thewrongfees;materialsmanagementofinformationisnotaccurate,theresourcesofitsownhospitalsunknown,thebacklogcausedbywaste,Andwerenotthebestuse.HISuseofreal-timemanagementoffinancialdocuments,stores,medicinestosolvetheaboveproblemisaneffectiveway.Drugssuchasthemanagement,useofthecountryundertheGSPmanagementstandards,makinglocalhospitalsinthedrugsupplymanagementandthevalidityofdrugmanagement,andotherareasmoreconvenientnorms,greatlyenhancethesafetyofhospitaltreatment.Thehospitalinformationsystemoperateeffectively,couldsignificantlyenhancethedepartment'sworkefficiencyandquality,reducingvariousservicesworkonthemanuallaborintensity.AtthesametimeimprovetheaccuracyofinformationtoensurethattheHospitalFinance,iszonedprice,underdoctor'sorders,andotheraspectsofthehumanerrorratehitszero,sothatthemedicalstafftoreleasemoreenergyandtimetoservethepatientsandensureeconomicinterestsofthepatientsatthesametimeCreateeconomicbenefitsfortheHospital.

1StochasticmodelInvariousqueuingsystem,therandomnessofthemisacommon,butalsoplaysafundamentalrole.Thearrivaltimebetweencustomersandcustomerservicerequirements,atleastarandom,otherwisetheproblemtoosimple.Queuingtheoryresearchsystemdescribedsomeofthemajorindicatorsoftheprobabilitydistribution,dividedintothreeparts:1)QueuingsystembehaviorproblemsQueuingsystemonthebehavioroftheproblemisthestudyofthevariouslawsoftheprobabilityofqueuingsystem,includingcaptainofthesystem,thecustomerwaitingtimeandlengthofstay,andthebusyperiod,andsotheprobabilitydistribution,includingtheirtransientnatureandthebalanceundertheCensusandStatisticsBehavior.QueueSystemisthebehaviorofthecorelineofresearchisqueuingSystemofstatisticalinferenceandoptimizationofthefoundation.ConsiderapplicationsfromtheCensusandbalancethevariousindicatorsoftheprobabilityofnatureisparticularlyimportant.2)ThestatisticalsystemqueueinferenceInordertounderstandandgraspaqueuingsystemisrunninginthelaw,throughrepeatedobservations,datacollection,andthenusingmathematicalstatisticsbythemethodofdataprocessing,inferredbyobservingthelawoftheprobabilityofqueuingsystem,applicationofthecorrespondingThetheoreticalresultstostudyandsolvethequeuingsystemoftheproblem.Queuingsystemhasbeenthestatisticalinferenceistheoutcomeoftheactualapplicationofthebasicwork,combiningthecharacteristicsofqueuingsystem,thedevelopmentofsuchspecialrandomprocessofstatisticalinferenceisverynecessary.3)QueuingsystemoptimizationproblemQueuingsystemoptimizationproblems,includingtheoptimaldesignandhavethebestsystemofoperationalcontrol,theformerareintheservicesystemsettings,thefutureoperationofthesituationhasestimatedthatthedesignbebasedonstaff.Thelatterisalreadyqueuingsystemforoptimaloperationalstrategies,suchastoolsfortheTreasury,whenthequeueofworkersreceivingtoomanytools,additionalstaff,althoughthisincreaseinthecostofservices,butontheotherhand,adecreaseoftoolsforworkersThewaitingtime,anincreaseoftheeffectiveproductiontimeworkers,sothebenefitsmayfarexceedthecostofservicesincreased.Queuingtheorystudyandapplicationofknowledgeisanobjectivesystemtosolvetheoptimaldesignoroperationofmanagementandcreateabettereconomicandsocialbenefits.1.1DescriptionTothehospitalout-patientforthestudy,ithasthefollowingcharacteristics:①inputprocess:thearrivalofpatientsareindependent,havearrivedinthetimeintervalisrandom;certainperiodoftimesubjecttothearrivalofPoissondistribution.②queuingrules:fromthefirst-come,firstservice,andtowaitforthesystem,namelythearrivalofallpatientswithadoctor'sofficeandarenotidle,theymustwait.③services:diagnosisandtreatmentofpatientsisindependentofeachother,subjecttothenegativeexponentialdistribution.④servicewindow:multi-server,Cparallelwithadesk,deskworkindependently.1.2ModelassumptionsandtheestablishmentAssumptionofanaverageofreachforλ,asinglehelpdeskservices,theaveragerate(unitsoftimethatwastheendofseveralservices)μ,theentireserviceagencies,theaverageserviceratecμ;systemofserviceintensityρ=λ/cμ<1时Willnotbeanunlimitedlineofthequeue(Desk,theaverageutilizationrate),pn(c)fortheC-deskanytimeinthesystemntheprobabilityofpatientswhenthearrivalrateofλ,servicerateforthebirthanddeathcμProcesstoachievesteady,available:p0(c)=〔∑c-1k=01k!(λμ)k+1c!1(1-ρ)(λμ)c〕-1（1）pn(c)=1n!(λμ)np0(c),n=1,2,…,c1c!cn-c(λμ)np0(c),n=c+1,…（2）Whenthesystemtoachievebalance,eachpatientinthesystemtheaveragewaitingtimeforW:E(W)=pn(c)cμ(1-ρ)2=nμn!(nμ-λ)2(λμ)np0(c)（3）ThenumberofpeoplequeuinguptostayLs=Lq+cρ=1c!(cρ)cρc!(1-ρ)2p0+λμ(4)1.3QueuingsystemoptimizationWaitinginaqueuesystem,themorepatientshopethatthehelpdesk,thehighertheefficiencyoftheservice,theshorterthestaythebetter,sothattheirlossesamountingtoaminimum,thiswillincreasethedoctorsandhospitalequipment,andthehospitalcannotbeunlimitedinput.Forthisreasontheneedtooptimizethedesign,itspurposeistoenablepatientsandthecostofhospitalservicesandthecosttoaminimum.Deskassumptionthatthenumberofc,csdeskunitsforeachtimethecostofhelpdeskcosts,cwforeachpatientinthesystemstayintheunitcostoftime,thetotalcostZ(c)(totalcostoftheunittimeexpectationsItisthenumberofhelpdeskfunctionsforc),theobjectivefunctionminz(c)=Csc+CwLs(c),whichLsforthenumberofstay(formula(4)),ccanonlytakeaninteger,locatedc*Istomaketheminimumobjectivefunctioncfromthepoint,c*meetz(c*-1)≤z(c*)=csc*+cwLs(c*)≤z(c*+1),Ls=Ls(c)ReductionintheLs(c*)-Ls(c*+1)≤cscw≤Ls(c*-1)-Ls(c*)(5)FollowedbycomputersimulationcalculatedLs(1),Ls(2),Ls(3),…thedifferencebetweenthetwoneighboring,whichfelltoseeconstantbetweenthetwotodeterminethecosttopatientsandthecostofhospitalservicesandDeskachieveoptimumnumberoftheoptimalsolutioncC*.1.4OntheissueofoptimizationservicesprogramWhenthepatientsarrivedatanaveragerateofincreaseinservicesfromwhichtheaverageincreaseinstrengthcaptainLtoo,andeventheserviceintensityρ>1captaintendedtounlimited,theaverageservicerateunchangedonthecasecanonlyincreaseDesk.Belowaretwotodiscussthemandhelpdeskservices,theaveragerateequaltothesituation.WecanhelpdeskwasinformedthattwoformsofserviceanaverageoftwocaptainL,thewaitingtimefortheratioofW:2L1L2=W1W2=1+ρ2(ρ2=λ2μ<1)Onthepeoplemostconcernedaboutintermsofwaitingtimeof1Similarlycanprovethat:anumberofparalleldeskinthequeuingsystem,line-lineteamthanmanyteamstiedfortheprogramhassignificantadvantages.Formultipleattendantsrandomprocess,ifonlythewaitingtimeforpatientsshouldbeconsideredinarowonlyteam.

2CaseStudyAhospitaloperatingroomtohaverandomservices,theCensusandStatisticsofthe100hpatienttreatmentandtocompletetheoperationofdata.①calculatedthecorrespondingnumberofindicators;②Ifthehospitalwouldalsoliketobuildascaleofthesameoperatingroom,askedwhetherareasonableWithMATLABsoftware:1)Firstcalculatetheaverageperhpatientsreachλ=Σnfn/100=210/100=2.1(h/),theaveragetimeforsurgery1/μ=Σvfv/100=40/100=0.4(people/h)Perhoursurgerycompletedthenumberofμ=1/0.4=2.5;goodness-of-fitwiththeχ2=Σ6n=0(fn-100pn)100pntestsatanaveragerateofλ=2.1whetherthePoissondistribution;Calculatedχ2=3.06,fromα=0.05acriticalvalueχ2α=11,becauseχ2α=11>χ2=3.06,soreachacceptableparametersλ=2.1obeythePoissondistribution.Similarlybesubjecttoinspectionoperationtimeof2.5parametersoftheexponentialdistribution.Queueupwiththeformulaabovethemainquantitativeindicatorsareasfollows;Systeminafewpatients5.25()4.41waitafewpatients(who)patientlengthofstay2.5(h)queuewaitingtime2.1(h)serviceintensityρ=λ/μ=0.84coefficientof5.25patientslossoftimetheoperatingroomtheprobabilityofidletime0.16peakhours,theprobabilitypn=0.84②computingservicesstrengthρ=λ/cμ=0.42<1anincreaseinthescaleoftheoperationtheatreafterthesamenumberofindicatorsSysteminafewpatients1.02()0.18waitafewpatients(who)patientlengthofstay0.48(h)queuewaitingtime0.08(h)ofthetwooperatingtheatresidletimeonlyaprobabilityof0.4idleoperatingroomtheprobabilityofpatientsp1=0.34.Withoutwaitingfortheprobabilityof0.74patientsmustwaitfortheprobabilityof0.26.Basedontheabovedataavailableindicators:Thereisonlyoneoperatingroomdepartmentpatientswaitingforsurgerytimeis5.25times84%oftheoperatingroomisthebusiesttime,only16%ofthefree.Ifanoperatingroomtobeusedtoincreasetheprobabilityis42percent,theprobabilityisidle58percent,twooperatingtheatresidletimetheprobabilityof0.4,twooperatingtheatresthereisonlyonesparetheprobabilityof34percent.Basedontheabovedatapolicymakerstodecidewhetheranincreaseintheoperatingroom,soastoprovidemanagersdecisionsupporttools.

3ConclusionsTothehospitalqueueisacommonphenomenon,aspatientsandmedicalservicesatthetimeoftherandomness,withthenumberofsourcesintheoryisunlimited,andmedicalresourcesarelimited,howtheallocationoflimitedresources,theuseofthelinemodeltheoryAndcomputersimulation,combinedwiththeservicerecordofrelevantdata,tomakequalitativeandquantitativeindicatorsofthenumber,thentheforecast,analysisandevaluation,byoptimizingthedesign,implementationdynamicmanagement,accordingtothehospital'sstrength,improvefacilitiesandequipment,Areasonableincreaseinthenumberofmedicalstaff,medicalclinicsimprovetechnology,andeffectivelyreducetheaveragetimeforclinicsandtheirdegreeofvolatility,increaseefficiency,reducewaitingtime,unifiedtreatmentproceduresforpatientssolveproblems.Clearly,theapplicationofqueuingtheory,ontheonehandcaneffectivelysolvethesystemofhospitalservicesintheallocationofpersonnelandequipme