湖南省长沙市重点中学2023-2024学年高一上学期入学考试英语试卷（Word版含答案无听力部分）

第第页湖南省长沙市重点中学2023-2024学年高一上学期入学考试英语试卷（Word版含答案，无听力部分）长沙市重点中学2023-2024学年高一上学期入学考试

英语

时量：90分钟满分：100分

I.阅读(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

AWONDERFULNIGHTATCHANGSHAAQUARIUM(海洋馆)

HaveyoueverseenseaanimalsatnightWhatdotheydoEatSleepSwimLet'sgoandenjoythehappytime.Time:6:30p.m.～8:30p.m.onSaturday.

*Youcanenjoydinneratourrestaurantunderthewaterfrom6:00p.m.to6:30p.m.

*Youcan'teatanythingwhileyouarewatchingtheseaanimals.

*Eachtourcosts15yuan.Youcanbuytheticketsatthegateoftheaquarium.

*Youcandecidewhichtouryouwilljoinafteryouarriveattheaquarium.

1.Ifyouwanttoenjoy4tours,howmuchwillyoupayforthem

A.15yuan.B.30yuan.C.45yuan.D.60yuan.

2.Whatcan'tyoudowhileyouarewatchingtheseaanimals

A.Feedthefish.B.Eatfood.

C.Takepictures.D.Walkwiththepenguins.

3.Howlongcanyouenjoytheactivitiesattheaquariumatmostinonenight

A.Halfanhour.B.Onehour.

C.Oneandahalfhours.D.Twohours.

B

Energyistheabilitytodowork.SolarenergycomesfromtheSun.Thereisalsoenergythatcomesfromwindandwater.

Butdoyouknowthatenergycancomefrompeople,tooWhenyoupedalabike,youproduceenergy.Youuseyourlegstopushthepedals.Yourenergyistransferred(转移)tothebike.Thatmakesthebikemove.

Nowimagineridingyourbiketocreateenoughpowertorunacomputer.Somestudentsatoneschooldidjustthat!Theyjumpedonbikesconnectedtogenerators(发电机)andpedaledinplace.Soontheywereproducingelectricity.Thisenergyisneededtoruntheircomputers.

Hereishowbicycle-poweredenergyworks.Whenastudentpedalsthebike,thebackwheelspins(旋转).Thewheelspinsthegenerator.Thegeneratorproduceselectricity.Aslongasastudentpedalsthebicycle,electricitymovesthroughthegenerator.Theelectricitycanbeusedrightaway.Thisenergycanalsobestoredandusedlater.

Peopleusebicycle-poweredenergytorunsmalldevices(设备)suchassmalltelevisionsandfans.Theyoftenuselessthan100wattsperhour.However,itwouldbeamistaketousepedalpowertorunafridge.Thislargemachineoftenusesmorethan700wattsperhour.Theelectricityforthesemachinescomesfrompowerlinesoverheadorunderground.

Pedalpowercanbeseeninschools,gyms,andhomes.Whatafunwaytoprovideelectricity!

4.Howdoesthewriterleadintothetopic"bicycle-poweredenergy"inParagraph2

B.Bytellingajoke.

A.Byaskingaquestion.

D.Bymakingasurvey.

C.Byusinganoldsaying.

5.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout

A.Thefutureofnewenergy.

B.Theformsofworld'senergy.

C.Producingbicycle-poweredenergy.

D.Usingbicycle-poweredenergy.

6.Whatdoweknowaboutbicycle-poweredenergy

A.Itcan'tbeseeninschools.

B.Itcanbestoredandusedlater.

C.Itcomesfromwindandwater.

D.It'sfrompowerlinesoverhead.

C

Peoplebelievethateverywordhasitscorrectmeaning(s).Whenwearenotsure,weusuallycheckonline,orturntoourteachersordictionaries.Butdoyouknowhowdictionariesweremadeinthepast

Dictionarywritersfirstreadtheimportantbooksoftheperiodorthesubjectthatthedictionarywasabout.Astheyread,theycopiednecessaryinformationoncards:interestingwords,commonwords—bothintheirdailyusesandunusualuses,andalsothesentenceswheretheywereused.Thatistosay,thewords,alongwiththeusesofeachword,werecollected.Forareallybigdictionary,millionsofsuchcardswerecollected.Thistaskcouldlastforyears.Asthecardswerecollected,theywereputinalphabeticalorder(A—Z).Whenthiswasdone,therewouldbeseveralhundredcardsforeachsingleword.

Then,todefine(定义)aword,thedictionarywriterplaceditshundredsofcardsbeforehim.Hereadthecardsclosely,threwawaysome,readtherestagain,anddividedupthecardsaccordingtowhathethoughtwerethecommonusesoftheword.Finally,hewrotethedefinitions,followingthehard-and-fastrule:eachdefinitionmustcomefromanexampleonacertaincardinfrontofhim.

So,thewritingofadictionarywasnotataskofinventingmeaningsofwords,butataskofrecordingtheirmeanings.Thewriterofadictionarywasahistorian,notalawmaker.

Astimedevelops,thewayofproducingdictionarieshasgreatlychanged.Nowadays,wecanuseonlinedictionariestoo.Whenchoosingourwordsinspeakingorwriting,wecanbeguidedbythedictionary.However,wecannotbecontrolledbyit,becausenewsituations,newexperiences,newinventions,andnewfeelingsarealwayspushingustogivenewusestooldwords.

7.Whydiddictionarywritersreadimportantbooks

A.Toknowmoreabouttheperiod.

B.Tocollectwordsandtheiruses.

C.Tounderstanddifferentsubjects.

D.Tolearntouseinterestingwords.

8.Whichshowsthecorrectstepsofhowdictionariesweremadeinthepast

A.①—③—④—②B.①—②—④—③

C.③—①—④—②D.③—④—②—①

9.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassageaboutdictionarywritinginthepast

A.Itwaslong-timehardwork.

B.Itwasataskofinventingandrecording.

C.Itshouldbedonebyhistorians.

D.Ithadtousethelaw-makingrules.

10.Whatdoesthewriteradviseustodowhenwechoosewordsincommunication

A.Trytocreatenewwords.

B.Followthedictionarystrictly.

C.Useonlinedictionariesinstead.

D.Beopentothenewusesofwords.

D

Itisoftensaidthelaughteristhebestmedicine.ButresearchersattheUniversityofOxfordthinktheabilitytobellylaughs(捧腹大笑)wasuniquetoearlyhumans.This,theybelieve,madeourancestors(祖先)abletoformmuchlargergroups.

Theresearchersfirsttestedthepainthresholds(临界值)ofsomevolunteers.Theydividedthemintotwogroups.Onegroupwasshown15minutesofcomedyvideos,whiletheotherwasshownboringprograms.

Throughthisexperiment,theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadrecentlyexperiencedbellylaughswereabletowithstand(忍受)upto10%morepainthantheyhaddonebeforewatchingthevideos.Totheirsurprise,thescientistsalsofoundthattheothergroupwaslessabletowithstandpainafterwatching15minutesofthe"boring"programs.

ProfessorRobinDunbarofOxfordUniversity,wholedtheresearch,believedthatbellylaughsreleasechemicalscalledendorphins(安多芬)intothebodywhichmakeusfeellesspainful.

However,notallcomedyprogramshadsucheffects,accordingtoProfDunbar.Forexample,thoughcleverstand-upcomedywasfoundtobeenjoyable,ithadnoeffectonraisingpainthresholds."ThingsthatworkedverywellwereinterestingcomediessuchasMr.Bean.SituationcomediessuchasFriendsalsoseemedtobeparticularlysuccessful,"headded.

Inordertomeasure(测量)endorphinlevels,theresearchersputabagoficeonthevolunteers'armstoseehowlongtheycouldwithstandthem.Theyfoundthatthegreatertheincreaseinpainthresholds,thegreatertheamountofendorphinsproduced.

ThepurposeofProfDunbar'sstudywasnottodevelopanewtreatment.Instead,itwastostudytheroleoflaughterintheformingofhumansocietiestwomillionyearsago.

"Thenextstagewillbetoseewhetherlaughingreallyallowspeopletokeeptogetherandworkasagroupbetterandbemorefriendlytowardseachother.Ifthatisthecase,thenitmayexplainwhysometwomillionyearsago,thefirsthumanswereabletoformlargecommunitiesofupto100,"Dunbaradded.

11.ProfDunbar'sstudywasto_.

A.testthepainthresholdsofhumans

B.measuretheendorphinlevelswhilelaughing

C.developanewkindofmedicinethatreducespain

D.exploretheinfluenceoflaughterinforminghumansocieties

12.Inordertowithstandmorepain,we'dbetter.

A.watchsomescaryfilmsB.watchsomebeautifulpictures

C.watchsomeboringprogramsD.watchsomecomedyvideos

13.Themeaningoftheunderlinedword"release"inthepassagemaybe

A.lookoutB.standoutC.findoutD.giveout

14.Whatdidtheresearcherdotomeasurethelevelofendorphins

A.Letthevolunteerswatchvideos.

B.Askthevolunteerstoliveinthelab.

C.Makethevolunteershavemedicines.

D.Puticebagsonthevolunteers'arms.

15.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph

A.Moreexperimentsaboutlaughterwillbecarriedout.

B.Laughtermakespeoplekeeptogetherandworkasagroup.

C.Peoplewholaughalotaremorefriendlytowardseachother.

D.Thefirsthumanscouldonlyformsmallcommunitieslessthan100.

第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。

Inavideo,someonecutsopenacoconut(椰子),poursitsjuiceandtakesawaymeatinaboutfiveseconds.Whatdoesittaketomasteraskilllikethat

Manypeopleseeitasarulethatsays,"Justspendalotoftimepracticing."16Manystudieshaveshownthattoimproveourskills,wecannotjustpractice,butmustuse"deliberate(刻意的)practice".

SowhatisdeliberatepracticeImagineyouwanttobecomeaprofessionalviolinplayer.Youcanalreadyplaysomegreatpieces.DoyougetbetterbyonlyplayingthosesamepiecesoverandoveragainOrdoyoutrytolearnnewsongs17"Deliberatepractice"isdifferentfrom"commonpractice".Itrequiresfeedback(反馈)andconstant(不断的)challengestoyourself.

18Teacherscanfindmistakesandmakecorrections.Buttheycannotbethereforuseverystepoftheway.Sowemustbeabletoprovideourownfeedbackandlearnfromourownmistakes.19Ifyouarearunnerwhocanrun100metersin12seconds,youcantrytoachievethesamesuccessin11secondsoreven10seconds.Evenifyouarealreadythebestintheworldatsomething,yourgoalstochallengeyourselfanddobettershouldneverdisappear.

"Professional"coconutopenerscancompletetheirtasksinfiveseconds.20Theonlydifferencebetweenthemisthatprofessionalopenersmakeeffortstoconstantlyimprovethemselves,whileothersarejustcontinuingto"practice".

A.Butitisnottherealreason.

B.Constantchallengesareprettyeasy.

C.Thereareotherswhotakemuchlonger.

D.Theyofferussomethingthatweneed.

E.Doyoualsorecordyourselfandlistenformistakes

F.Feedbackcommonlycomesfromteachersandourselves.

Ⅱ.语言运用(共三节，满分40分)

第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

IknewMarty'smagicwasfake(假的),butIjustcouldn'tproveit.OnedayIcaughtaluckybreak.Atlunch,Martywasgoingonabouthowhecouldmakethings21.Hehadaringinonehandandapencilintheother.

That'swhenI22it:athinpieceoffishinglinearoundtheendofthepencilandattached(连接)toMarty'sshirt!Sureenough,hemadeitbysliding(滑动)theringoverthepencilandhangingitfromtheline.Nooneelse23theline,andsoonthewholedininghallwascheering.Whenthecrowdsweregone,Iwalkedover.Itwastimeto24theMagicMartyshow.

"Iknowhowyoudidit,"Isaid,lookinghimrightintheeye.

"25,"Martyreplied."Butthefirstlawofmagicisthat..""Itwasthefishingline."

Martybecame26.Helookedabitworried.Withoutallhisconfidence,heseemedmorenormal(平常).Isuddenlyfeltbad.

"So,areyougoingtotellotherpeople"heasked.Ithoughtaboutitforamoment.IfIdid,Iwould27beabletoprovethatMarty'smagicwasfake.ButwouldthatreallymakemefeelhappyWhataboutMartyHemight28hisnewfriends.Howwouldthatmakehimfeel

"Nah,"Isaid."Itwillbea29betweenyouandme."

Martyletoutarelievedsigh,andIturnedtowalkaway.

"Wait!"Martyjumpedinfrontofme."You'vegotaprettygoodeyeformagic.Ifyou're30,Ihaveanidea."

That'showtheMagicMartyandMysteriousMattLunchShowbegan.

21.A.disappearB.growC.floatD.change

22.A.sawB.heardC.feltD.smelt

23.A.confirmedB.explainedC.noticedD.supported

24.A.watchB.praiseC.endD.create

25.A.IndeedB.HoweverC.MaybeD.Anyway

26.A.politeB.silentC.crazyD.curious

27.A.finallyB.properlyC.easilyD.mainly

28.A.makeB.leaveC.loseD.greet

29.A.secretB.trickC.presentD.reward

30.A.surprisedB.interestedC.satisfiedD.impressed

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。

FredericChopinwasborninMarch1810nearWarsawinPolandandwasoneofthegreatestmusiciansintheworld.Hecomposedtwenty-fourshort31(piece)forthepianocalledpreludes.Thelongestone,PreludeNo.15,isbetter32(know)byitsnickname,the"Raindrop"Prelude.Howdiditgetitsnickname

Onedayin1838,whenChopin'sloverGeorgeSandwentoutinarainstorm,Chopinbecameworried.Whilehe33(wait)forSand,hewrotePreludeNo.15.

WhenSandcameback,Chopinplayed34(she)themusic.Sandthoughtthenotessoundedlikeraindrops.SheletChopinlistentotheraindrops35(fall)ontheroof.ThismadeChopin36(happy).Heinsistedthatheneverpaidattentiontothosesoundsor37(copy)them.

However,likeSand,manypeoplehearraindropsinthisprelude.Somenotesrepeatingthroughoutthepiecesoundlikeraindrops.Theflowofthemusicislikerain,too.Thepiecestarts38(soft),butitgetslouder,likeraingetting39(heavy).Thenthemusicgetsquietandfinally40(end),likerainwhenitstops.

第三节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)

阅读下面短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。

Fourrulesforahealthylife

41.Thankstobet