中国女科技人员发展现状及相关建议

The

Status

and

Analysis

of

Chinese

Women

Engineers

TianshuBiNorthChinaElectricPowerUniversity第1页OutlineSignificanceofWomenProfessionalsinScienceandTechnologyTheStatusandAnalysisofChineseWomenEngineersMeasuresandSuggestionsforencouragingChineseWomenEngineers第2页TheWorldNeedsScience,ScienceNeedsWomenMarieSklodowska-Curie(1867-1934),thePolishscientist,hasbeenhonoredtwicewiththeNobelPrizeinPhysicsandinChemistryWangZhenyi(1768-1797)，Chineseastronomer，physicianandmathematician，presentedthetheoryofsolarandlunareclipsesWuChien-Shiung(1912-1997),"theChineseMadameCurie",theleadingandoutstandingexperimentalphysicist第3页Womenaresmartandresilientenoughtobecomescientistsandengineers.Theyhavemadesignificantcontributionstosciencefromtheearliesttimes.It'simportantandnecessarytogetmorewomeninvolvedinscienceandtechnology.TheWorldNeedsScience,ScienceNeedsWomen第4页Fullyexertingthefunctionofpresenttalentsandexploringnewscientifictalentresources（1）InChina,ittakesabout200thousandyuantocultivateanunder-graduateandthecultivationcostofamasterordoctoralstudentishigher.Morethanonethirdofthescientificandtechnicalstaffsarewomenand67%ofthemhaveatleastundergraduatedegreesand6%havemasterdegrees.第5页Fullyexertingthefunctionofpresenttalentsandexploringnewscientifictalentresources（2）Thesevereinternationalcompetitionrequirestocontinuouslyexcavatethetalentresourcessoastoprovidethereserveforceforscientificandtechnologicalinnovationanddevelopment.Theattractivenessofscientificresearchforwomenshouldbeenhancedbyimprovingthestatusofwomeninthefieldofscientificresearchinordertoexpandthescientifictalentteam.第6页Takingthefulladvantageofwomen'scharacteristicandpromotingscientificandtechnologicalprogress（1）Thethinkingmodebetweenmenandwomenisdifferentalthoughthereisnodifferenceinintelligence.Accordingtotheresearchofpsychology,menarebetteratlogicalthinkingandwomenmoreadeptatimagethinking.Usingthedifferentthinkingandresearchmethodsfrommen,womenmakesignificantcontributionsforscientificandtechnologicaldevelopment.It'sbelievedthattheimportantreasonforhersuccessistheresearchmethodsheuseddifferentfromthetraditionalmethodbasedonmaleperspective.Itreflectsthefemininethoughttendencyandadvantagesemphasizingontheintuitionofstudy.BarbaraMcClintocktheAmericanscientistandcytogeneticistwiththeNobelPrize第7页Takingthefulladvantageofwomen'scharacteristicandpromotingscientificandtechnologicalprogress（2）Thereisagreatdifferenceinthelifeexperiencesandpersonalitytraitsbetweenmenandwomen.It'sshownthattheinnovationhavebenefitedfromresearchers'diversityincludingthegenderbalance.Thereisadifferenceintheresearchinterestsbetweenmenandwomen.Forinstance,womenaremoreinterestedinenvironmentalprotection,medicaltreatment,obstetricsandimmunology.第8页Improvingwomen'sstatusanddrivingsocialdevelopmentTheBeijingDeclarationwaspassedintheUN4thWorldConferenceonWomenin1995andcommittedtoempowerwomen,developwomen'sabilitiesandpromotewomen'sstatusasfaraspossible.TheeightUN'sMilleniumDevelopmentGoalswaspassedbyallmembersintheUnitedNationsMillenniumSummitin2023andoneofthemostimportantcontentsispromotinggenderequalityandgivingwomenmoreempowerment.第9页OutlineSignificanceofWomenProfessionalsinScienceandTechnologyTheStatusandAnalysisofChineseWomenEngineersMeasuresandSuggestionsforencouragingChineseWomenEngineers第10页The

Status

of

Women

EngineersintheWorldAlthoughwomenhavemadegreatcontributionsinthedevelopment,scienceisalwaysregardedasaman'sfield,especiallyinAsia-Pacific.NationTheProportionofFemale（%）Argentina52.7Romania46.1Spain38.4England38.3China25.0Japan14.0SexRatioofResearchers

inDifferentCountriesComparedwiththemajorcountriesintheworld，thereislessnumberofwomenengineersinAsiancountries.InChina,womenaccountedforaquarterinthescientificandtechnicalpersonnel.第11页The

Status

of

Chinese

Women

EngineersWomenonlyaccountsfor16%ofthewinnersinNationalNaturalScienceAward,NationalInventionAwardsandNationalProgressAwardsduring1997-2023.Womenonlyaccountsfor5%oftheacademiciansinChineseAcademyofSciencesandChineseAcademyofEngineeringasof2023.ThestructureofChinesewomenengineerstendstobeofpyramid.Theoccupationalstatusandachievementishigher,theproportionofwomenislowerinthefieldofscientificresearch.AccordingtothesurveyofChinaScientificInstitution,thereare14.67millionwomenprofessionalsinscienceandtechnology,accountingfor33%ofsci-techhumanresourceinChina.第12页The

Status

of

Chinese

Women

Engineers

——PostgraduateEducationTheProportionofFemalePostgraduatesinNorthChinaElectricPowerniversityThereare168doctoralstudentsand1738mastersatschool,respectivelyaccountingfor26.88%and41.63%ofthetotalnumber.Thenumberoffemalepostgraduatesisobviouslylessthanmale.Inparticular,theproportionofwomendropsgreatlyastheeducationalbackgroundincreases.Theproportionoffemalepostgraduatesisincreasingslowlywiththetimepassing.第13页The

Status

of

Chinese

Women

Engineers

——Full-timeTeachersandResearchersTheProportionofFemaleFull-timeTeachersandResearchersinNorthChinaElectricPowerUniversityThereare391femalefull-timeteachersandresearchersatschool,accountingfor39.94%ofthetotalnumber.Theproportionofwomendropssharplyasrankrises.Theproportionofwomendropsastheyages.第14页Genderconsciousnessaffectsonwomen'smotivationofdevelopmentandtargetofachievement.Therecessivegenderdiscriminationinpeerreviewleadstothephenomenonthatwomenhavealowparticipationinhighpositions.Womenengineersarelackofmotivationtoresearchunderthecurrentsystemandtheenvironment.Marriageandfamilyaffectwomenengineers’investmentintimeandeffort.Thereasonforshortageofwomenengineersandhigh-levelscientificresearchoutput第15页Genderconsciousnesshasaneffectonwomen'smotivationofdevelopmentandtargetofachievement.Thegaphasbeenwidenintheproportionofpursuinghighgoalsbetweenmenandwomenwithage.Inthepursuitofideals,men'sgoalgetshigherwithagewhilewomen'sgetslower.Itleadstoadeclineofbothwomen'sscientificenthusiasmandeffort,hasanadverseeffectontheirscientificresearchoutputsandlimitstheirdevelopmentstoahigherlevel.第16页TherecessivegenderdiscriminationleadstothephenomenonthatwomenhavealowparticipationinhighpositionsAcademicLeadersLeadingTalentsBackbonePersonnelsBasictalentsThereisagenderdiscriminationinevitablyinallaspectsoftheevaluationtoresearchactivities,includingjobclassification,project'sfundingapplications,journalarticle'sreviewers,evaluationofresearchinstitutionsandetc.Womenworkersarelackofpeerrecognitioninscientificresearchoutputs.第17页WomenengeneersarelackofmotivationtoresearchunderthecurrentsystemandtheenvironmentAsurveyofWomenEngineers'MotivationtoResearchinUniversitiesofBeijingshownthat39.4%respondentsselected"forcedtojobrequirements".Only26%ofthewomenengineerchose"interested"and21.2%chose"toachievevalue".5%ofthewomenengineerchosedoingresearchworkinordertoincreaseincome.第18页Marriageandfamilyaffectwomenresearchers’investmentintimeandeffortAccordingtotheresearch,women'sbestageforscientificresearchoutputis25to45yearsold.Mostwomenresearchersenterthemarriageandhavechildrennearly30yearsoldafterobtainingmasters,evendoctorates.Sotheyhavetodiscontinuethescientificresearchandspendtimestakingcareoftheirchildren.Inaddition,nearlyhalfofwomenspendmorethantwohoursadayindoinghousework.第19页OutlineSignificanceofWomenProfessionalsinScienceandTechnologyTheStatusandAnalysisofChineseWomenEngineersMeasuresandSuggestionsforEncouragingChineseWomenEngineers第20页MeasuresandSuggestionsforencouraging

ChineseWomenEngineersEncouragingwomento

participateinresearchworkCreatinganequitableenvironmentforwomen’scareergrowthGiving

theprioritytowomenunderthesameconditionsinapplyingandreplyingoftheprojectEnhancing

thesupporttoyoungwomenscientistsCreating

thecommunicationplatformforwomenscientistsMitigatingtheconflictbetweenthesocialroleofwomenandtheidentityofengineers第21页Howtoencouragewomentoparticipateinresearchwork？Womenshouldbeencouragedtoparticipateinmathematics,physicsandothernaturalsciencesstudiesinschooleducation.Thepublicityofwomenscientists'successstoriesshouldbeincreasedinordertoprovidemoresuccessfulexamplesforyoungwomenandimprovetheirconfidenceinthescientificresearchwork.第22页Howtocreateanequitableenvironmentfor

women’scareergrowth？Thegovernmentandrelevantdepartmentsneedtostrengthensupervisionduringtherecruitmentinordertoeliminategender-baseddiscriminationandinequalityintheselectionofstaffs.Thegovermentandrelevantdepartmentsshouldtakesomemeasurestohelpwomentomitigatetheeffectsofchildbearingandbreastfeedingonresearchwork.Theretirementageofwomen

shouldbeconsistentwiththatofmen.第23页Howtogive

theprioritytowomenunderthesameconditionsinapplyingandreplyingoftheproject?

Itispresentedclearlythatwomenhavetheprioritytobesubsidizedunderthesameconditionssoastoimprovethefundingrateofwomen.Therelevantdepartmentsshouldtakesome

preferentialmeasuresforwomen

suchasextendingresearchtimeofprojectsformaternalfemale,orsettingupspecialresearchfundsforwomen.第24页Howtoenhancesupporttoyoungwomenscientists?ThehighestawardforyoungwomenscientistsisChinaYou