分析测定大黄及其生境中重金属元素含量

分析测定大黄及其生境中重金属元素含量作者：江德阳(陕西理工学院化学与环境科学学院化学工程与工艺专业1101班陕西汉中723000)

指导教师：季晓晖［摘要］目的：测定镇巴栽培的药用大黄(RheumofficinaleBaill.)药材中有害重金属元素砷(As)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)的含量，为镇巴白河、清水俩地药用大黄(RheumofficinaleBaill.)的质量提供科学依据。方法：氢化物发生原子荧光法测砷、汞;原子吸收分光光度法测铅、镉。结果：镇巴清水、白河2个产地栽培的药用大黄(RheumofficinaleBaill.)中砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)的RSD<3.0%符合国家相关规定。结论：实验分析侧定大黄中重金属既为镇巴大黄药材的质量评价提供资料，也为中药大黄中重金属含量提供参考。［关键词］大黄重金属土壤原子荧光光谱法原子吸收分光光度法DeterminationofheavymetalelementsinRheumofficinaleanditshabitatbyAtomicFluorescenceSpectrometryJiangdeyang(ShaanxiUniversityofTechnologyChemicalEngineeringInstituteChemicalengineering1101classesHanzhoungCity,ShaanxiProvince723000)Tutor:JiXiaohuiAbstract:TheObjectiveisUsingtodetermineharmfulheavymetalsarsenic(As),mercury(Hg),lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd)contentofRheumofficinaleBaill.byatomicfluorescencespectrometry,andtoprovidescientificbasisforitsqualityformZhenbaqingshuiandbaihe.ThisexperimentisusingWaterbyHydrideGenerationAtomicFluorescenceSpectrometry.ResultsshowthatthequalitycertificateofRheumofficinaleBaill.isrightinconformitywithnationalregulation,becausetheRSDislessthan3%ofarsenic(As),mercury(Hg),lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd)formRheumofficinaleBaill.ExperimentalanalysisofsidesetinrhubarbheavymetalsnotonlyforqualityevaluationofrhubarbZhenbaprovideinformation,butalsoprovidedareferencefortheheavymetalcontentsinrhubarb.Keyword:RheumofficinaleBaill.HeavymetalsSoilAFSAASTOC\o"1-5"\h\z1前言11.1研究目的与意义11.2中药大黄重金属含量超标的危害1砷超标的危害1汞超标的危害1铅超标的危害1镉超标的危害11.3中药大黄重金属污染的途径以及应对措施11.3.1重金属污染途径11.3.2重金属污染防治21.4常用的检测方法方法21.4.1原子荧光光谱法21.4.2原子吸收分光光度法21.4.3电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法21.4.4电感耦合等离子体质谱法31.5大黄植株及其土壤的重金属的消解31.5.1大黄及其生境中土壤重金属消解方法31.5.2微波消解方法41.5中药大黄的成分41.6大黄的应用51.7市场调查62仪器与试剂62.1实验仪器62.2实验材料与试剂63大黄中重金属测定63.1砷的测定63.1.1砷标准溶液的配置63.1.2样品试液的配置73.1.3砷的测定73.1.4溶剂影响的扣除73.1.5砷校准曲线的制作73.2汞的测定73.2.1汞标准液的测定7样品试液的配置83.2.3汞的测定83.2.4溶剂影响的扣除83.2.5汞校准曲线的制作83.3铅的测定83.3.1铅标准液的测定8样品试液的配置93.3.3铅的测定93.3.4溶剂影响的扣除93.3.5铅校准曲线的制作93.4镉的测定93.4.1镉标准液的测定93.4.2样品试液的配置93.4.3镉的测定93.4.4溶剂影响的扣除93.4.5镉校准曲线的制作93.5检出限测定103.6仪器精密度试验103.7重复性试验103.8加样回收率试验103.9样品的测定114大黄生境土壤重金属含量的测定11土壤中砷的测定114.1.1样品的制备114.1.2砷标准曲线的绘制11土壤中汞的测定114.2.1样品的制备114.2.2汞标准曲线的绘制11土壤中铅的测定114.2.1样品的制备114.2.2铅标准曲线的绘制11土壤中镉的测定114.3.1样品的制备114.3.2镉标准曲线的绘制114.4样品的测定115结果与讨论11参考文献12夕卜文翻译：1陕西理工学院毕业论文陕西理工学院毕业论文第第#页共20页的替代乳腺癌的抗癌剂。尽管这项研究的结果在实验室内用来ER-调节反应和抗乳腺癌细胞的增殖，我们建议，掌叶大黄的雌激素成分，如大黄素和芦荟大黄素，具有ER-mediated(雌激素)和ER-independent(抗乳腺癌)在细胞水平的影响，可以作为抗癌药物。使用体外模型，与目标分子介导雌激素或抗肿瘤活性的鉴定进行功能分析。致谢该研究是由韩国京畿道省政府“grrc”项目的支持下完成的。参考文献Adlercreutz,H.andMazur,W.,Phyto-oestrogensandWesterndiseases.Ann.Med,29,95-120(1997).Bolton,J.L,Pisha,E.,Zhang，F.,andQiuS.,Roleofquinoidsinestrogencarcinogenesis.Chem.Res.Toxicol.,11,1113-1127(1998).Chen,Y.C.,Shen,S.C.,Lee，W.R.,Hsu,F.L.,Lin,H.Y.,Ko,C.H.,andTseng,S.W,EmodininducesapoptosisinhumanpromyeloleukemicHL-60cellsaccompaniedbyactivationofcaspase3cascadebutindependentofreactiveoxygenspeciesproduction.Biochem.Pharmacol.，64，1713-1724(2002).Ciocca,D.R.andRoig,L.M,Estrogenreceptorsinhumannontargettissues:biologicalandclinicalimplications.Endocr.Rev.,16,35-62(1995).Colditz,G.A.,Hankinson,S.E,Hunter,D.J.,Willett,W.C.,Manson,J.E.,Stampfer,M.J.,Hennekens,C.,Rosner,B.,Speizer,F.E.,andEngl,N.,Theuseofestrogensandprogestinsandtheriskofbreastcancerinpostmenopausalwomen.J.Med.,332,1589-1593(1995).Eaker,E.D.,Chesebro,J.H.,Sacks,F.M.,Wenger,N.K.,Whisnant,J.P.,andWinston,M.,Cardiovasculardiseaseinwomen.Circulation,88,1999-2009(1993).Henderson,B.E.,Ross,R.,andBernstein,L.,Estrogensasacauseofhumancancer:theRichardandHindaRosenthalFoundationawardlecture.CancerRes.,48,246-253(1988).Huang,H.C.,Chu,S.H.,andChao-lee,P.D.,VasorelaxantsfromChineseherbs,emodinandscoparone,possessimmuno-suppressiveproperties.Eur.J.Pharmacol.,198,211-213(1991).Kang,S.C.,Lee,C.M.,Choi,H.,Lee,J.H.,Oh,J.S.,KwakJ.H.,andZee,O.P.,Evaluationoforientalmedicinalherbsforestrogenicandantiproliferativeactivities.Phythother.Res.,20,1017-1019(2006).Koyama,M.,Kelly,T.R.,andWatanabe,K.A.,Noveltypeofpotentialanticanceragentsderivedfromchrysophanolandemodin.J.Med.Chem.,31,283-284(1998).Liang,J.W.,Hsiu,S.L.,Huang,H.C.,andLee-chao,P.D.,HPLCanalysisofemodininserum,herbsandChineseherbalprescriptions.J.FoodDrugAnal.,1,251-257(1993).Liu,R.,Li,A.,andSun,A.,PreparativeisolationandpurificationofhydroxyanthraquinonesandcinnamicacidfromtheChinesemedicinalherbRheumofficinaleBaill.byhigh-speedcounter-currentchromatography.J.ChromatographyA,1052,217-221(2004).Palacios,S.,CurrentperspectivesonthebenefitsofHRTinmenopausalwomen.Maturitas,33(S1),1-13(1999).Rymer,J.,Wilson,R.,andBallard,K.,Makingdecisionsabouthormonereplacementtherapy.BritishMedicalJ.,326,322-326(2003).Skehan,P.,Storeng,R.,Scudiero,D.,Monks,A.,McMahon,J.,Vistica,D.,Warren,J.T.,Bokesch,H.,Kenney,S.,andBoyd,M.R.,Comparisonofinvitroanticancer-drug-screeningdatageneratedwithatetrazoliumassayversusaproteinassayagainstadiversepanelofhumantumorcelllines.J.Natl.CancerInst.,82,1107-1112(1990).Smith,S.S.,Femalesexsteroidhormones:fromreceptorstonetworkstoperformance-actionsonthesensorimotorsystem.Prog.Neurobiol.,44,55-86(1994).Tsai,T.H.andChen,C.F.,UltravioletspectrumidentificationofemodininrabbitplasmabyHPLCand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