专题08阅读理解词义猜测题冲关模拟训练备战高考英语大题冲关秘笈解析

备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈专题08冲关模拟训练题组一Passage1（2018届河北省五个一联盟高三模拟考试）话题词数难度参考用时正确率最悲哀的两个单词ifonly355★★★☆☆5分钟TwoofthesaddestwordsintheEnglishlanguageare“ifonly”.Ilivemylifewiththegoalofneverhavingtosaythosewords,becausetheyconveyregret,lostopportunities,mistakes,anddisappointment.Myfatherisfamousinourfamilyforsaying,“Taketheextraminutetodoitright.”Ialwaystrytolivebythe“extraminute”rule.Whenmychildrenwereyoungandlikelytocauseaccidents,IalwaysthoughtaboutwhatIcoulddotoavoidan“ifonly”moment,whetheritwassomethingminorlikemovingacupfullofhotcoffeeawayfromtheedgeofacomputer,orsomethingthatrequiredalittlemoreworksuchastapingpadding(衬垫)ontothesharpcornersofaglasscoffeetable.Idon’tonlyavoidthose“ifonly”momentswhenitcomestosafety.It’sequallyimportanttoavoid“ifonly”inourpersonalrelationships.Weallknowpeoplewholostalovedoneandregrettedthattheyhad

foregone

anopportunitytosay“Iloveyou”or“Iforgiveyou”.WhenmyfatherannouncedhewasgoingtotheeyedoctoracrossfrommyofficeonGoodFriday,ItoldhimthatitwasaholidayformycompanyandIwouldn’tbethere.ButthenIthoughtaboutthefactthathe’s84yearsoldandIrealizedthatIshouldn’tgiveupanopportunitytoseehim.IcalledhimandtoldhimIhaddecidedtogotoworkonmydayoffafterall.IknowtherewillstillbeoccasionswhenIhavetosay“ifonly”aboutsomething,butmylifeisdefinitelybetterbecauseofmypolicyofdoingeverythingpossibletoavoidthateventuality(可能发生的事).Andeventhoughittakesanextraminutetodosomethingright,oritoccasionallytakesanhourortwoinmybusyscheduletomakeapersonalconnection,IknowthatI’mdoingtherightthing.I’mbuyingmyselfpeaceofmindandthat’sthebestkindofinsuranceformyemotionalwell-being.1.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofthe“extraminute”rule?A.Startthecarthemomenteveryoneisseated.B.Leavetheroomforaminutewiththeironworking.C.Waitforanextraminutesothatthesteaktastesbetter.D.Moveanobjectoutofthewaybeforeittripssomeone.2.TheauthordecidedtogotoherofficeonGoodFridayto__________.A.keepherappointmentwiththeeyedoctorB.meetherfatherwhowasalreadyanoldmanC.joinintheholidaycelebrationofthecompanyD.finishherworkbeforethedeadlineapproaching3.Theunderlinedword“foregone”inParagraph3isclosedinmeaningto“_________”.A.abandoned B.lacked C.avoided D.wasted4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEmotionalWell-being B.TheTwoSaddestWordsC.TheMostUsefulRule D.ThePeaceofMind【文章大意】这篇文章主要讲解的是作者对于最悲哀的两个单词ifonly的理解及看法。1.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的句子“Whenmychildrenwereyoungandlikelytocauseaccidents,IalwaysthoughtaboutwhatIcoulddotoavoidan‘ifonly’moment,”可知，“extraminute”指的是“在发生意外之前防患于未然”，D项（在一个东西绊倒某人之前将它拿走）符合。故选D。3.A【解析】猜测词义题。根据foregone所在句子“Weallknowpeoplewholostalovedoneandregrettedthattheyhad

foregone

anopportunitytosay‘Iloveyou’or‘Iforgiveyou’.”中的lost及regretted可知此词与opportunity搭配翻译成“放弃机会”，故选A。学@科网4.B【解析】标题判断题。根据第一段第一句话“TwoofthesaddestwordsintheEnglishlanguageare‘ifonly’.”及文章大意，可知本文主要针对最悲哀的两个单词ifonly展开话题进行讲解，故选B。Passage2（2018届江西省红色七校高三第一次联考）话题词数难度参考用时正确率跷二郎腿对身体有害303★★★☆☆6分钟Crossingyourlegsisanextremelycommonhabit;mostpeopledon'tevennoticethatthey'redoingitwhen3.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据前面的句意可知，SirNicholasWinton一直对自己的英雄事迹保密，甚至是他的妻子。所以，此处应为不为人们所知道。故选Ｃ。4.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“SirWintondiedpeacefullyinhissleepattheoldageofonehundredandsix,in2015.”可知，SirWinton生于1909年。故选Ａ。Passage4（2018届江西省新余市第一中学高三毕业班第四次模拟考试）话题词数难度参考用时正确率美国家庭移民历史中心328★★★☆☆6分钟TheAmericanFamilyImmigrationHistoryCenterisanexcitingnewinteractiveareaattheEllisIslandImmigrationMuseumwheremorethan100millionAmericansmaysearchfortheirfamily'sbeginningsintheNewWorld.Now,forthefirsttime,thepassengersrecordsoftheshipsthatlandedsome22millionimmigrants,crewmembersandotherpassengersatthePortofNewYorkandEllisIslandfrom1892to1924havebeencomputerized,makingiteasierthanevertodiscoveryourownfamilyhistory.Fiveyearsinthemaking,thecenterwasdevelopedandfundedbytheStatueoftheLibertyEllisIslandFoundation,Inc.,whichwasresponsiblefortherestorationandpreservationoftheStatueoftheLibertyandEllisIsland,andthecreationoftheImmigrationMuseum.ForvisitorstotheMuseum,theexcitementbeginsatawelcoming

kiosk

whereyoucanenterancestors'namesandseeiftheirarrivalrecordsareincludedinthedatabaseandareavailableintheHistoryCenterintheMuseum'sWestWing.OnceinsidetheCenteritself,intheveryplacewhereyourancestors(grandgrandparents)mayhaveendedtheirlongjourney,youandyourfamilycanlogontheoneof41computers,typeinname,and,withinseconds,setinmotionyourownspecialjourneyofdiscovery.Imaginetheexcitementyou'llsharewithyourfamilyasyouusethelatesttechnologytosortthroughavastcomputerizedarchive(档案馆)withmillionsofrecords,andseeyourfamily'sownpersonalstoryinAmericacometolifebeforeyoureyes.Millionsofhourswerespentcreatingthisvastdatabaseand,ifyoufindyourancestors'names,you'lldiscoveranswerstoquestionsyou'vealwayswonderedabout...Whatshipdidmyfamilymemberstake?Whendidtheyarrive?Howoldwerethey?Weretheymarried?Then,takethesevaluablerecordsandcreateyourownFamilyHistoryScrapbook,preservingforeverthestoryofthepastwhilekeepingthelegacyofyourfamilyalive.1.WhyisiteasierforvisitorstofindtheirfamilyhistoriesintheHistoryCenter?A.Moreclerksareemployedthere.B.Allofitsdocumentsarecomputerized.C.Facilitiesofthemuseumarerestored.D.Workersaremorecreativethanbefore.2.WhosponsorstherestorationoftheAmericanFamilyImmigrationHistoryCenter?A.Familieswhosefamilyhistoriesarekepthere.B.NationalParkServiceintheUnitedStates.C.LocalgovernmentandvisitorstotheMuseum.D.TheStatueofLibertyEllisIslandFoundation,Inc.3.Theword“kiosk”inthepassageismostprobably______.A.amuseumassistant B.anadvertisementC.aself¬servicedevice D.areceptionist4.Inwhichpartofanewspaperwouldthispassagemostprobablybefound?A.Science. B.Entertainment. C.Life. D.Travel.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了美国家庭移民历史中心，数以亿计的美国人可以在这里找到他们的家庭。1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“…havebeencomputerized,makingiteasierthanevertodiscoveryourownfamilyhistory.”可知，参观者容易找到家庭历史是因为所有的档案都是电脑化的。学&科网3.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“whereyoucanenterancestors'namesandseeiftheirarrivalrecordsareincludedinthedatabaseandareavailableintheHistoryCenterintheMuseum'sWestWing.”可知，画线词指的是一种供参观者查看数据库中家庭历史信息的自助服务设备。4.D【解析】推理判断题。本文主要介绍了美国家庭移民历史中心，数以亿计的美国人可以在这里找到他们的家庭，是关于移民话题的，因此最有可能出现在报纸的旅行版面中。题组二Passage1(2017届河南省新乡市第一中学高三模考)话题词数难度参考用时正确率大黄蜂有学习能力304★★★☆☆5分钟ScientistsinBritainhavemanagedtoteachbumblebees(大黄蜂)topullstringstogettofoodandthenpassonwhattheyhavelearnedtoothersintheircolony(群体)—showingahighlevelofintelligencedespitetheirtinybrains.ResearchersatQueenMaryUniversityofLondonsaidtheexperiments,oftenusedtotesttheintelligenceofapes(猿)andbirds,showedforthefirsttimethatsomeinsectsareuptothetask,andcanalsopassskillsonthroughseveralgenerations.Thefindingsaddtotheevidencesuggestingtheabilityfor＂culturespread＂—theabilitytolearnandpassonknowledgeandskills—maynotbeexclusivetohumans.Intheresearch,publishedinthejournalPLOSBiologyonTuesday,thescientistswereabletotrain23outofagroupof40beestopullstringswiththeirlegsandfeet.Thestringswereattachedtodiscs—orartificial＂flowers＂—containingfoodattheircenterbutplacedunderatransparentscreen.Thebees,spottingthefoodbeneaththescreen,learnedtopullthe＂flowers＂outbypullingthestringwiththeirlegsandfeettobeabletogettoit.Fromanothergroupofbeesgiventhechancetosolvethetaskwithoutanytraining,onlytwoof110weresuccessful.Anothergroupofbeeswasthenallowedtoobservethetrainedbeespullingthestrings,and60percentofthemsuccessfullylearnedtheskill.Finally,trainedbeeswereputincolonies,andthescientistsfoundthetechniquespreadsuccessfullytoamajorityofthecolony’sworkerbees.LarsChittka,aQueenMaryUniversityprofessorwhoguidedtheproject,saidtheteamisinterestedinfiguringoutthebrainprocessesbehindthebees’learningandteachingskills.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂exclusive＂inParagraph3probablymean?A.Ordinary. B.Unique.C.Beneficial. D.Widespread.2.Whatdidtheresearchersfindaboutbees?A.Beeslearnbestininsects.B.Beesareascleverasbirds.C.Beesareborngoodlearners.D.Beescanbetrainedtolearnskills.3.Whatmaytheresearchteamfocusonnext?A.Whatelsebeescando.B.Wherebeeslearnskills.C.Howbeesteachothers.D.Howbees’brainwork.4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.Smallbees,greatabilitiesB.BeescanlearnandteachC.BeesaresmarterD.Letbeeslearn【文章大意】本文为说明文，属于科普类文章。介绍了大黄蜂有学习能力，还会传播自己学到的知识。1.B【解析】猜测词义题。依据第二段可知，大黄蜂也具有学习并传播所学知识的能力，结合第三段本句话可知，这种能力并非人类独有的，故选B项。2.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三、四、五、六、七段可知，蜜蜂可以被训练学习技能。D项正确。4.B【解析】主旨大意题。综合全文尤其第一段可知，文章主要介绍一项科学发现，大黄蜂也可以学习并传播所学技能，故选B项。Passage2(2017届黑龙江大庆一中高三第三段测)话题词数难度参考用时正确率保护本国文化355★★★☆☆6分钟Oneofthemainchallengesfacingmanycountriesishowtomaintaintheiridentityinthefaceofglobalizationandthegrowingmulti-languagetrend.＂OneofthemainreasonsforeconomicfailureinmanyAfricancountriesisthefactthat,withafewimportantexceptions,mother-tongueeducationisnotpracticedinanyoftheindependentAfricanstates.＂saidNevilleAlexander,DirectoroftheProjectfortheStudyofAlternativeEducationinSouthAfricaattheUniversityofCapeTown.InresponsetothespreadofEnglishandtheincreasedmulti-languagetrendsarisingfromimmigration,manycountrieshaveintroducedlanguagelawsinthelastdecade.Insome,theuseoflanguagesotherthanthenationallanguageisbannedinpublicspacessuchasadvertisingposters.Oneofthefirstsuchlegalprovisions(规定)wasthe1994＂Toubonlaw＂inFrance,andtheideahasbeencopiedinmanycountriessincethen.Sucheffortstogovernlanguageuseareoftenconsideredasfutilebylanguageexperts,whoarewellawareofthedifficultyincontrollingfashionsinspeechandknowfromresearchthatlanguageswitchingamongbilingualsisanaturalprocess.ItisespeciallydifficultfornativespeakersofEnglishtounderstandthedesiretomaintainthe＂purity＂ofalanguagebylaw.SincethetimeofShakespeare,Englishhascontinuallyabsorbedforeignwordsintoitsownlanguage.Englishisoneofthemostmixedandrapidlychanginglanguagesintheworld,butthathasnotbeenabarriertoacquiringsuperiorityandpower.AnotherreasonforthefailureofmanynativeEnglishspeakerstounderstandtheroleofthestateregulationisthatithasneverbeentheAnglo-Saxonwayofdoingthings.Englishhasneverhadastate-controlledauthorityforthelanguage,similar,forexample,totheAcademicFrancaiseinFrance.Theneedtoprotectnationallanguagesis,formostwesternEuropeans,arecentphenomenon-especiallytheneedtoensurethatEnglishdoesnotunnecessarilytakeovertoomanyfields.Publiccommunication,educationandnewwaysofcommunicationpromotedbytechnology,maybekeyfieldstodefend.1.NevilleAlexanderbelievesthat__________.A.mother-tongueeducationisnotpracticedinallAfricancountriesB.globalizationhasresultedintheeconomicfailureofAfricaC.globalizationhasledtotheriseofmulti-languagetrendD.lackofmother-tongueeducationcanleadtoeconomicfailure2.Theunderlinedword＂futile＂(inparagraph2)mostprobablymeans＂_________＂.A.workable B.practicalC.useless D.unnecessary3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Englishhastakenoverfieldslikepubliccommunicationandeducation.B.ManyaspectsofnationalculturearethreatenedbythespreadofEnglish.C.Mostlanguageexpertsbelieveitisimportanttopromoteanationallanguage.D.Europeanshavelongrealizedtheneedtoprotectanationallanguage.4.Thebesttitleforthepassageis__________.A.FightingagainsttheruleofEnglishB.ProtectinglocallanguagesandidentitiesC.Globalizationandmulti-languagetrendD.Tomaintainthepurityoflanguagebylaw【文章大意】现在世界全球化导致很多国家的独特的文化收到了冲击和影响，本文讲述的正是这方面的话题。很多国家都采取了很多的措施来保护本国的文化。1.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段＂OneofthemainreasonsforeconomicfailureinmanyAfricancountriesisthefactthat,withafewimportantexceptions,mother-tongueeducationisnotpracticedinanyoftheindependentAfricanstates.＂saidNevilleAlexander可知，他认为母语教育方面的缺失会导致经济方面的失败。故D正确。学科&网2.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据本句Sucheffortstogovernlanguageuseareoftendismissedasfutilebylanguageexperts,whoarewellawareofthedifficultyincontrollingfashionsinspeechandknowfromresearchthatlanguageswitchingamongbilingualsisanaturalprocess.可知，很多语言专家都认为管理语言使用的努力是无用的，因为这样的控制是没有什么效果的。故C正确。4.B【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Oneofthemainchallengesfacingmanycountriesishowtomaintaintheiridentityinthefaceofglobalizationandthegrowingmulti-languagetrend.可知，现在世界全球化导致很多国家的独特的文化受到了冲击和影响，本文讲述的正是这方面的话题。故B正确。Passage3(2017届贵州省南白中学高三第四次联考)话题词数难度参考用时正确率不要期盼完美的演讲294★★★☆☆6分钟Itmayhelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.Atsomepointineveryspeech,everyspeakersayssomethingthatisnotunderstoodexactlyashehasplanned.Fortunately,suchmomentsareusuallynotobvioustothelisteners.Why?Becausethelistenersdonotknowwhatthespeakerplanstosay.Theyhearonlywhatthespeakerdoessay.Ifyouloseyourplaceforamoment,wronglychangetheorderofacoupleofsentences,orforgettopauseatacertainpoint,noonewillbeanythewiser.Whensuchmomentsoccur,don’tworryaboutthem.Justcontinueasifnothinghappened.Evenifyoudomakeanobviousmistakeduringaspeech,thatdoesn’treallymatter.IfyouhaveeverlistenedtoMartinLutherKing’sfamousspeech—＂IHaveaDream＂,youmaynoticethathestumbles(结巴)overhiswordstwiceduringthespeech.Mostlikely,however,youdon’tremember.Why?Becauseyouwerefixingyourattentiononhismessageratherthanonhiswayofspeech-making.Peoplecarealotaboutmakingamistakeinaspeechbecausetheyregardspeech-makingasakindofperformanceratherthanasanactofcommunication.Theyfeelthelistenersarelikejudgesinanice-skatingcompetition.But,infact,thelistenersarenotlookingforaperfectperformance.Theyarelookingforawell-thought-outspeechthatexpressesthespeaker’sideasclearlyanddirectly.Sometimesamistakeortwocanactuallyincreaseaspeaker’sattractivenessbymakinghimmorehuman.Asyouworkonyourspeech,don’tworryaboutbeingperfect.Onceyoufreeyourmindofthis,youwillfinditmucheasiertogiveyourspeechfreely.1.Theunderlinedpartinthefirstparagraphmeansthatnoonewill.A.besmarterthanyou B.knowwhatyouaretalkingaboutC.dobetterthanyou D.noticeyourmistakes2.Youdon’trememberobviousmistakesinaspeechbecause.A.youfindthewayofspeech-makingmoreimportantB.youdon’tfullyunderstandthespeechC.youdon’tknowwhatthespeakerplanstosayD.yourattentionisonthecontent3.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthormeansthat.A.givingaspeechislikegivingaperformanceB.thelistenersshouldpaymoreattentiontohowaspeechismadeC.oneortwomistakesinaspeechmaynotbebad。D.themoremistakesaspeakermakes,themoreattractivehewillbe4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoBeaPerfectSpeaker B.Don’tExpectaPerfectSpeechC.Don’tExpectMistakesinaSpeech D.HowtoMakeaPerfectSpeech【文章大意】这篇文章主要讲了不要期盼完美的演讲，没有人会注意到你的错误，有时一两个错误也不坏。1.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文＂Becausethelistenersdonotknowwhatthespeakerplanstosay.Theyhearonlywhatthespeakerdoessay.＂可知，没人会注意到你在演讲中所出现的问题和错误，故选D。3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句话＂Sometimesamistakeortwocanactuallyincreaseaspeaker’sattractivenessbymakinghimmorehuman＂作者认为演讲中的一两个错误并不坏。故选C。4.B【解析】标题判断题。根据第一段的句子＂Itmayhelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.＂可知，文章主要介绍不要期望完美的演讲。故选B。Passage4(2017届山西省晋中市高考模拟)话题词数难度参考用时正确率帮助别人，提高自己266★★★★☆5分钟RecentlyIandotherRedCrossvolunteersmetagroupofvictimsfromHurricaneKatrina.Wewerethere,asmentalhealthprofessionals,tooffer＂psychologicalfirstaid＂andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.Aswewalkedinthegatetotheshelter,weweregreetedwithaburstofgratitude(感激)fromthefirstpersonwemet.Ifeltappreciated,butalsoguilty,becauseIhadn’treallydoneanythingyet.Ifirstrealizedthepowerofpresencemanyyearsagowhenafriend’smotherpassedawayunexpectedly.Ihadreceivedacallsayingshehadjustpassedaway.Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately,butdidn’twanttointrude(打扰)onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.Anotherfriendwithmethensaid,＂Justgo.Justbether