2023版新高考英语一轮复习Unit23Conflict练习北师大版

2024版新高考英语一轮复习Unit23Conflict练习北师大版Unit23Conflict

课时练12篇阅读＋1篇完形＋1篇应用文写作

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2024·北京怀柔区高三模拟)Super-stormSandyslammedintotheeasternUnitedStatesafewyearsago.Thewind-drivenwatercausedalotofflooding,especiallyintheregion’ssubwaysystem.Nowtwoteenshaveinventedadevicethatcouldhelppreventfuturesubwayfloods.

InNewYorkCityalone,Super-stormSandycausedanestimated$19billionindamage.Muchoftheflood-watersenteredthesubwaysystemthroughitsventilationgrates(通风栅).Thosemetalgrillsusuallylieatgroundlevel.Whenthesystemisshutdownaheadofaflood,engineerstrytocoverthosegrateswithplywood(胶合板)andsandbags.Butthefloodingoftenwashesawaythosemeasures,whichallowswatertoflowintothetunnels.Raisingthosegratesevenatinybitabovegroundlevelwouldcostalotofmoney.Otherideashaveincludedbuildingtallchimneysaroundtheholes.Thatwouldraisethegratesandcostalotofmoney,too.

KyleandRaymondcameupwithadifferent,lessexpensiveidea.Theydesignedametalgratewithabuilt-in,adjustablecover.Whentrainsarerunning,onepartofthegrateslidesopentobringinfreshair.Butwhenthesystemisshutdown,thatpartcanbeslidshuttopletelyblockthegrate.

Theirgrateisthesamesizeasthegratesusednow.So,itwouldbesimple,theysay,toliftouttheoldgrateanddropinareplacement.Theirdesignincludestamper-prooffeatures,whichcanpreventoperationmistakes.Theymakesurethatpeopledon’tintentionallyshutoffairflowduringnormalconditions.Forpeoplewiththeproperkey,itwouldonlytakeaminuteortwotoclosethegrateaheadofaflood.

本文主要叙述了几年前超级风暴Sandy猛烈攻击美国东部，造成了洪水灾难，当地的地铁被洪水沉没。为防止地铁再次被洪水沉没，两位少年创造了一种装置。

1．What’sthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A．Thestepstooperategrates.

B．Themeasurestopreventflood.

C．Thefunctionofplywoodandsandbags.

D．Thedisadvantageofpresentsubwaysystem.

D解析：段落大意题。依据其次段第一句可知，据估量超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水沉没地铁的缘由：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故选D。

2．Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesthetwoteens’newinvention?

A．Costly.B．Time-saving.

C．Practical.D．Conventional.

C解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段第一、二句“Theirgrateisthesamesizeasthegratesusednow.So,itwouldbesimple,theysay,toliftouttheoldgrateanddropinareplacement.”可知，他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以，他们说这会很简单就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，并放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最终一段最终一句可推知，新的栅栏操作起来也很便利。故选C。

3．What’sthepurposeofdesigningthetamper-prooffeature?

A．Toreplacetheoldgratecorrectly.

B．Toclosethegrateaheadofaflood.

C．Toensureairflowinnormalconditions.

D．Tostopthetrainspeedingupunexpectedly.

C解析：细节理解题。依据最终一段第三、四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻挡操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常状况下关掉空气流通的功能，故选C。

4．Wheredoesthetextmostprobablyefrom?

A．Anewsreport.

B．Anadventurousstory.

C．Anintroductiontonewequipment.

D．Aguidebooktomakinggrates.

A解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要叙述了两位少年创造了一种成本较低、有用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应当属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。

B

(2024·合肥高三调研)Whileelephantsbornwithouttusks(长牙)

arenotunheardof,theynormallyformjust2to6percentofthe

population.However,thatisnotthecaseatMozambique’sGorongosa

NationalPark,whereanastonishing33percentoffemaleelephantsbornafterthecountry’sconflictendedin1992aretuskless.Whilethatmayappeartobejustacoincidence,JoycePoole,anelephantbehaviorexpert,hasanothertheory.The

researcherthinkswemaybewitnessingunnaturalevolutionofthespeciesduetotheconstanthuntingofelephantsforvaluableivories.

Poolesaysbeforethecountry’s15-year-longconflict,theparkwashometoover4，000elephants.However,bythetimetheconflictendedin1992,about90percentofthemhadbeenkilledforivoriestogetmoney.Ofthelessthan200survivors,over50percentofadultfemaleshadnotusks.Therefore,itisnotsurprisingthatthepark’stusklesselephantpopulationhasgrowngreatly.

Thisisnotthefirsttimeresearchershaveobservedagreatchangeinthepopulationofelephants.AtZambia’sSouthLuangwaNationalParkandLupandeGameManagementArea,areaswhichwereheavilyhuntedinthe1970sand1980s,35%ofelephantsof25yearsoldorolderand13%ofthoseyoungerthan25arenowwithouttusks.A2024studypublishedintheAfricanJournalofEcologyfoundthatthenumberoftusklessfemalesattheRuahaNationalParkinTanzaniawentfrom10.5percentin1969toalmost40percentin1989,largelyduetoillegalhuntingforivories.

TherecentbanonivoriesinboththeUSandChinashouldhelpgetridof,oratleastreduce,elephanthunting.However,scientistsarenotsurehowlongitwilltakeforelephantswithahigherrateoftusklessfemalestochangethe__trend．本文是一篇说明文。在1992年，在莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园，有33%的雌象生来就没有长牙，大象行为专家认为，这是人们为了获得宝贵的象牙，而对大象进行持续不断的猎杀而造成的非自然的进化。

5．WhatistheprobablecauseofthephenomenonmentionedinParagraph1?

A．Illegalhunting.B．Constantfarming.

C．Apurecoincidence.D．Naturalevolution.

A解析：细节理解题。依据第一段尾句“Theresearcherthinkswemaybewitnessingunnaturalevolutionofthespeciesduetotheconstanthuntingofelephantsforvaluableivories.”可知，这位讨论人员认为，由于持续不断地猎杀大象以猎取宝贵的象牙，我们可能正在目睹物种的非自然进化。据此可知，第一段中提到的现象的可能缘由是非法猎杀，故A项正确。

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