外研版（2023）选择性必修第二册Unit 6 Survival Developing ideas课时分层练（含答案）

第第页外研版（2023）选择性必修第二册Unit6SurvivalDevelopingideas课时分层练（含答案）Unit6SurvivalDevelopingideas—2023-2024学年高二英语外研版（2023）选择性必修第二册课时分层练

【夯实基础】

知识点1固定搭配

1.Hewantedtogooutandfoundthathisfatherwasstanding_____hisway.

2.Consumerspendingonsports-relateditemsamounted_____$9.75billion.

3.YoucanstrollalongQintaiRoadtogetataste_____theoldcity.

知识点2一般过去时

4.He_____(wipe)thetables,thensatdownandturnedontheTV.

知识点3过去完成时的被动语态

5.Hetoldtheinhabitantsthatthedateofthemeeting_____(advance)fromFridaytoMonday.

【提升能力】

6.我们的机器人已经探索了火星表面,并且检测土壤,搜寻资源、水和生命迹象。

①OurrobotshaveexploredtheMartiansurface,_______thesoiland_______forresources,waterandsignsoflife.(非谓语动词)

②OurrobotshaveexploredtheMartiansurface,_______testedthesoilandsearchedforresources,waterandsignsoflife.(非限制性定语从句)

7.早在20世纪80年代,科学家就在亚利桑那沙漠构建生物圈2号。

①______early______the1980s,scientistswerebuildingBiosphere2intheArizonadesert.

②______back______the1980s,scientistswerebuildingBiosphere2intheArizonadesert.(非谓语动词)

8.即使第一批定居者确实安全到达了火星,他们可能从此再也无法返回地球。

①And______________ifthefirstsettlersdoreachMarssafely,theymaynotbeabletoreturntoEarth.(让步状语从句)

②______________whetherthefirstsettlersreachMarssafely,theymaynotbeabletoreturntoEarth.(让步状语从句)

9.毫无疑问,火星吸引着人类。

①____________isnodoubt____________humankindisdrawntowardsMars.(同位语从句)

②____________isnotdoubted____________humankindisdrawntowardsMars.(主语从句)

10.近些年的发现激励着多国航天局着手前往火星的载人飞行任务。

①______________bydiscoveriesovertheyears,spaceagenciesofvariouscountriesareplanningmannedmissionstoMars.(非谓语动词)

②SpaceagenciesofvariouscountriesareplanningmannedmissionstoMars,______________they______________bydiscoveriesovertheyears.(原因状语从句)

【核心素养】

A

ThesoundthatwokeDamianLanguellat8:15inthemorningwassoloudthatheassumeditcamefrominsidehishouseinWade,Maine.Ashegotuptoinvestigate,heheardanothersound,thisonecomingmostdefinitelyfromoutside.Lookingoutofhisbedroomwindow,henoticedatreeenvelopedinsmokeabout500yardsaway.Acarwrappedaroundthetree’sbase,itsengineonfire.

Grabbingbucketsofwater,heandhiswiferantothecrashsite.Upclose,theaccidentlookedworse.Thecarwassplitnearlyintwo,andthetreewaswherethedriver'sseatoughttohavebeen,asifplantedthere.Nooneshouldhavesurvivedthiscrash,andyettherewas20-year-oldQuintinThompson,histerrifiedfacepressedagainstthedriver'ssidewindow,invisiblepain.

Languelltriedputtingoutthefirewithhisbucketsofwaterbutfailed.Whentheflamesgotintothefrontseats,heknewhehadtogettheyoungmanout.SoLanguellopenedthecar'sbackdoorandclimbedin.Usingapocketknifehe'dbroughtwithhim,hecutthroughThompson'sseatbelt.NowthatThompsonwasfree,Languellpulledhimout,anddraggedhimtosafetybeforetheentirecarwasinflames.

ItisempathythatdroveLanguelltohelp,justashesaid,"MyheartgoesouttoThompson.Whenyouarethatclosetothatlevelofhurt,youfeelitsodirectly."Forhisheroicaction,Languellwasaddedtothelistofreal-lifeheroeschangingtheworld.

1.Wherewasthefirstsoundactuallyfrom

A.houseonfire.B.Acarcrash.

C.Thebedroomwindow.D.Thebasement.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutQuintinThompson

A.Hesavedhiscarfromfire.

B.Hewassuccessfullyrescued.

C.Heremainedcalmallthetime.

D.Hewascapableofhelpinghimselfout.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"empathy"underlinedinthelastparagraph

A.Honesty.B.Wisdom.C.Sympathy.D.Responsibility.

4.WhichwordscanbestdescribeDamianLanguell

A.Daringandgenerous.

B.Caringandgrateful.

C.Courageousandnoble.

D.Ambitiousandreliable.

B

IfhumanseverhopetoliveontheMars,thesettlerswillneedtoproduceaseriesoforganiccompounds(有机化合物),fromfuelstodrugs,whicharetooexpensivetoshipfromEarth.

ChemistsfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory(BerkeleyLab)haveaplanforthat.

Forthepasteightyears,theresearchershavebeenworkingonasystemcombiningbacteria(细菌)andnanowires(纳米线)thatcancatchtheenergyofsunlighttochangecarbondioxide(CO2)andwaterintobuildingblocksfororganicthings.Nanowiresarethinwiresaboutone-hundredththewidthofahumanhair,usedaselectronicparts,andalsoassolarcells.

"OnMars,about96%oftheatmosphereisCO2.Basically,allyouneedisthesenanowirestotakeinthesolarenergyandpassitontothesebacteriatodothechemistryforyou,"saidtheprojectleaderPeidongYang,aprofessorofchemistryandS.K.andAngelaChanDistinguishedChairinEnergyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley."Foradeepspacetask,youcareabouttheweight,andbiologicalsystemshavetheadvantagethattheyself-reproduce;Youdon'tneedtosendalot.That'swhythisversionishighlyattractive."

"Theonlyotherrequirement,besidessunlight,iswater,whichonMarsisrelativelymorethanenoughinthepolaricecapsandlikelyliesfrozenundergroundovermostoftheplanet,"saidYang.

Itworkslikephotosynthesis(光合作用),whichplantsnaturallyemploytochangeCO2andwaterintocarboncompounds,mostlysugarandcarbohydrates.Plants,however,haveaquitelowefficiency(效率),usuallychanginglessthanone-halfpercentofsolarenergyintocarboncompounds.Yang'ssystemiscomparabletotheplantthatbestchangesCO2tosugar,whichis4%~5%efficient.

1.Whatisthefunctionofthenewbiologicalsystem

A.ReducingairpollutiononMars.

B.CarryingmanyorganicthingstoMars.

C.HelpingtoproduceorganiccompoundsonMars.

D.Makingbuildingblockswithoutsunlight.

2.Whyistheself-reproductionpossibleonMars

A.There'splentyofCO2,waterandsunlightonMars.

B.Marsismucheasiertolandthanotherplanets.

C.Spaceshiptechnologyhasdevelopedalot.

D.LotsofoxygenisfoundonMars.

3.WhatcanwelearnaboutYang'ssystemaccordingtothelastparagraph

A.Itdoesn'tneedcarbondioxideandwater.

B.Itcanbereplacedbyplantsinspace.

C.Itsefficiencyishigherthannaturalphotosynthesis'.

D.Itfunctionsbasedonrulesdifferentfromphotosynthesis.

4.Inwhichpartofanewspapermaythistextappear

A.Life.B.Science.C.Health.D.Education.

答案以及解析

【夯实基础】

1.答案：in

解析：句意:他想出去,却发现父亲挡了他的路。Inone'sway挡某人的路。

2.答案：to

解析：句意:消费者在体育相关项目上的支出达97.5亿美元。amountto总计。

3.答案：for

解析：句意:你可以沿着琴台路漫步,感受一下古城的风情。getatastefor体验;领略。

4.答案：wiped

解析：句意:他擦了擦桌子,然后坐下来打开了电视。分析句子结构可知,then,and连接并列动作,故填过去式。

5.答案：hadbeenadvanced

解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意:他告诉居民们会议日期已经从星期五提前到星期一。advance意为“提前”。根据句意和结构可知这里用过去完成时的被动语态。

【提升能力】

6.答案：①testing,searching②which

解析：①非谓语动词作伴随状语。

②which引导非限制性定语从句。

7.答案：①As,as②Dating,to

解析：①早达……

②追溯到，回溯到。

8.答案：①even②Nomatter

解析：①引导让步状语从句。

②引导让步状语从句。

9.答案：①There,that②It,that

解析：①本句that引导doubt的同位语从句。

②本句it作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。

10.答案：①Encouraged②because,areencouraged

解析：①非谓语动词引导原因状语从句。

②because引导原因状语从句。

【核心素养】

A

答案：1-4BBCC

解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段中前两句和第一段最后一句可知第一个声音是来自发生车祸的汽车。故选B。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中最后一句可知昆廷·汤普森被成功地救了出来。故选B。

3.词义猜测题。根据文章第四段划线单词所在句子可知"empathy"是同情心的意思，指的是人们常说的将心比心的做法。故选C。

4.推理判断题。根据全文可知DamianLanguell勇敢救出因事故着火汽车中的乘客。他勇敢而高尚。故选C。

B

答案：1-4.CACB

解析：1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知,人类若想在火星上生活,移民者需要生产一系列的有机化合物,从燃料到药物,它们从地球上运送过去会很昂贵。根据第三段可知