高三英语二轮专项复习阅读表达

PassageTOKYO(Reuters)-Japannstovaccinate6,000medicalworkersandofficerswithstockpiledbirdfluvaccinestochecktheireffectivenessandpossibleside-effects,thehealthministrysaidonTuesday.Then,whichfollowssuggestionsmadebysomelawmakersandexpertsthatvaccinationstakecebeforeafearedflupandemic,willbesubmittedtoapanelofexpertsforapprovalWednesday,anofficialIfapproved,vaccinationwilltakecebeforeofthefiscalyearinMarch2009,andmarkthefirstcaseintheworldinwhichthevaccines--basedonstrainsoftheH5N1fromandIndonesia--havebeengiventosuchalargegroupofpeoplepriortoapossiblepandemic.Japanhasstockpiledvaccinesfor10millionpeopleusingstrainsoftheH5N1,IndonesiaandVietnam.Sofarthe ernment'sstancehasbeentousethemonlyafIfthefirstvaccinationisdeemedeffective,theministrywillconsidervaccinatinganadditional10millionpeople,mainlythoseinvolvedinmaintainingsocialinfrastructuresuchasgasandelectricitworks,theofficialsaid.Whileitisimpossibletopredictwhatstrainofthecouldtriggerapandemic,themainistheH5N1birdfluthathaskilledmorethan200globally.Theernmentestimatesthatinacaseofapandemic,aquarterofthepopulationcouldbeinfectedwiththeandthatupto640,000peoplewoulddie.ThestockpiledvaccineshavealreadybeenapprovedinJapanandhavebeenproducedbytheResearchFoundationforMicrobialDiseasesofOsakaUniversityandtheKitasatoInstitute,theministrysaid.Therehavebeen238humandeathsgloballyfromtheH5N1strainse2003,withVietnamandIndonesiaaccountingformostfatalities,theWHOsaid.WhywillJapanvaccinatesomanymedicalworkersandofficerswithstockpiledbirdfluvaccines?(不超过8个字)OnlyunderwhatcircumstancedoestheJapanese ernmentusethestockpiledvaccines?不超过10个字） Ifthefirstvaccinationproveseffective,whowillbemainlyinvolvedinthevaccinationatonce?(不超过8个字)PassageStartinginthe1800s,hundredsofthousandsofAmericansdecidedtomoveawayfromtheoriginal13coloniesandmovewest.StateslikeOregonandCaliforniadidn’texistyet;infact,noonehadevendrawnacompletemapofthearea.ExplorerslikeLewisandClarkewerethefirsttobravenatureandhostileNativeAmericanstoexploretheland,andsettlerssoonfollowed.Notliketoday-thereareairnesandroads,thetrektotheWestwashard.AndlifeintheWildWestwasWhenpioneersarrivedattheirdestination,theirjourneyonlyjustbegan.Withfewresources,settlershadtorelyonthemselvesandtheland.Huntingwildanimalsprovidedsomefoodandtheleatherforclothing.Newsettlersalsogatheredwildfruits,nuts,andberriesuntiltheycouldnttheirowncrops.Pioneerfamiliestendedtobelarge.Childrenwerehelpfulinnewlands.Girlssoonlearnedimportanthouseholdtasks–gathering,cooking,spinning,weaving,mending,sewing,andmakingsoapandcandles.Boysworkedinthewoodandfieldswiththeirfathers.Theylearnedtochopwood,toclearoutbrushesandtobuildfences.Ofcourse,pioneershadmoretoworryaboutthanjusteverydayhouseholdduties.ThearrivalofsomanyAmericansonthewesternfrontiersparkedawarwithMexicooverland.Aspioneersdemandedmoreland,problemswithNativeAmericantribesalsoreased.ManytribesresistedandfoughtbacktheAmericanernmentandsettlers,butallofthetribesweredefeated.Throughtheirlaborsandaccomplishments,pioneershelpeddefhecharacterofAmerica.Lookingforopportunityandhappiness,familiskedtheirlivestobuildnewcommunitiesfarfromthesettledeastcoast.What’sthewholepassagetalkedabout?（5个WhywaslifeintheWildWestdifficult?（5个WhatwastheprobableattitudeofNativeAmericantribestowardsthenewsettlers?（回答词数不超过6个）PassageDesegregation(废止种族)ofhighereducationhasproducedsignificantimprovementsineducationforallAmericans.Theopeningupofsegregatedcollegesanduniversitiestostudentsofallracialandethnicbackgroundscameaboutonlyastheresultofmanyformsofprolongedstruggleinthecourts,inthestreets,andoncampuses.Theeffortstoopenuphighereducationalopportunitiesforblacksinhistoricallywhiteinstitutionsalsoledtoexpandedopportunitiesforlowandmiddle–classwhitestudents,especiallyatinstitutionsthatadopted"openadmissions"policiesofacceptingallhighschoolgraduates.Between1960and1981,whilethenumberofblackstudentsbetweensofeighteenandtwenty-fourenrolledollegereasedfrom34,000toover750,000,thenumberofwhitestudentsinthesameagegroupgrewfromjustover2milliontoover6.5million.In1960morethanone-halfofblacksattendingcollegeswereenrolledathistoricallyblackinstitutions.By1981thatpercentagehaddeclinedtojust18percent.Mostoftheblacksenrolledintraditionallywhiteinstitutions,however,wereattwo-yearcommunitycollegesoratfour-yearpubliccollegesthatwerebecomingorhadalreadybecomepredominantly(主要地)black.Desegregationofhighereducationproduceddifficultproblemsforhistoricallyblackinstitutionsthathadalwaysstruggledundergreathardshiptoprovidehighereducationforwhenblackshadbeenbarredfromwhiteinstitutions.Historicallyblackinstitutions,however, toproduceahighpercentageofthemosteducationallyandprofessionallysuccessfulblacksintheUnitedStates.Meanwhile,blacksinpredominantlywhiteinstitutionshaveachievednotableprogress,buttheyhavealsoencounteredvariousproblems.Collegecompletionratesforyoungblackshavereasedconsiderably,buttheyareonlyaboutone-halftherateforyoungwhites.In1981,forexample,11.5percentofblacksagedtwenty-fivetotwenty-nineand21.3percentofwhitesinthatagegrouphadcompletedcollege.BlackscontinuetobeconsiderablyunderrepresentedingraduateandprofessionalschoolsintheUnitedStates.Duringtheearly1980sblackscomprisedabout6percentofstudentsingraduateschoolandmedicalschoolandabout4percentofalllawschoolstudents.Blacksalsoreceivedabout4percentofalldoctoraldegrees,butoverhalfofthesedegreeswereconferredinonedisciplineeducation.Ingeneral,sethecryof"reversediscrimination"wasraisedduringthemiddleofthe1970s,blackprogressinhighereducationhasbeenslowedandperhapsevenWhatbroughtabouttheopeningupofsegregatedcollegesanduniversities?(回答词数不超过7个) Accordingtothepassage,wheredidthemosteducationalandprofessionalsuccessfulblacksgraduatefrom?(回答词数不超过5个)WhatcanbeinferredaboutthehighereducationforblacksintheUnitedStates?(回答词数不超过10个)PassageCultureshockisaspecialdiseaseforpeoplewhohavesuddenlymovedtoaforeignLikemostillnesses,ithasitsownsymptomsandCultureshockiscausedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallfamiliarsignsofsocialcommunication.Thosesignsludemanywaysinwhichweareusedtothesituationofdailylife:whentoshakehandsandwhattosay,whenwemeetpeople,whenandhowtogivetips,howtodoshop,whentoacceptandrefuseinvitations,whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.Thesesigns,whiaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,orcustoms,areacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.Allofusdependonhundredsofthesesigns,mostofwhichwedonotcarryonthelevelofconsciousawareness.Nowwhena entersastrangeculture,allormostofthesefamiliarsignsareeliminated.Nomatterhowbroadmindedorfullofgoodwillyoumaybe,aseriesofsupportshavebeenremovedfromunderyou,followedbyafeelingoffailureinmuchthesameway.Firsttheyrejecttheenvironmentwhichcausesdiscomfort."Thewaysofthehostcountryarebadbecausetheymakeusfeelbad."Whenforeignersinastrangelandgettogethertocominaboutthehostcountryanditspeople,youcanbesurethattheyaresufferingfromcultureshock.Anotherphraseofcultureshockisregression()?Thehomeenvironmentsuddenlybecomesveryimportant.Totheforeigner,everythingbecomesunreasonablybeautified.Allthedifficultiesandproblemsareforgottenandonlythegoodthingsbackhomeareremembered.Itusuallytakesatriphometobringonebacktoreality.Inwhatsituationdopeoplesufferfromcultureshock?8个Whatdopeoplesufferingfromcultureshockusuallydo9个Whatcausescultureshockaccordingtothepassage?10个PassageResourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandrelativesense:thesurfaceoftheEarthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthetyofaninputislimited,thereaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.Thecostofaproductintermsofmoneymaynotmeasureitstruecosttosociety.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasu ic(超声速的)jetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety'savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustultimaybetakenintoaccount.Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodandthetyddependonthecostofmakingit,andthatcost,ultimay,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismensthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thelabor,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhereiftheleathercanbeusedtoproducehandbagsthatarevaluedhighlybyconsumers,thepricesofleatherwillbebidupcorrespondingly.Howcanwedealwiththerelativescarcityofresources9个Accordingtothepassage,whatistherelationshipbetweenproductionandresources回答词数不超过8个)Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?6个PassageLet'spretendwe'resailingdowntheRhineRiveronapleasureboat.TheRhineisoneofthemainwaterwaysofGermanyandtherivertrafficisheavy.It'sinterestingtowatchthemanyboatsgoingupanddowntheriver.Buttherivertrafficisnotnearlysointerestingasthebeautifulsceneryalongthebanksandhillsides.Theboatispassingmanyoldcastles.Wecanseepeopleworkinginthevineyards(葡萄园)onthehillsides.Therearevineyardsasfarastheeyecansee.WinefromtheRhineValleyiswell-knownallovertheworld.Suddenlyourboatslowsdownandbeginstoturnalittle.Wearecomingtoasharpbendintheriver.Onourrightwecanseearockycliffover400feethigh.Atfirstitlooksquiteordinary,butthereisnothingordinaryaboutit.Therearemanystories,poems,andsongsaboutthecliff.WearelookingattheLorelei.ThensomeoneontheboatbeginstosinginGerman,thesongoftheLorelei.Itisasongaboutasirenwhohasluredmanysailorstotheirdeaths.Thebeautyissupposedtositontherockcombingherlonggoldenhairandsinging.Thesailorswhohearherforgettosteer,andthecurrentofriverhurlstheirboatsontherocksanddashesthemtopieces.Soonotherpeopleontheboatbegintosing.Thebeautifulsongaddstospecialmagictothemoment,andyoubegintorealizewhysomanypeoplehavemadethistripdowntheRhoseetherockoftheLorelei.WhatisthesongoftheLoreleiabout?(8个WhatistheRhineValleyfamousfor?6个What'sthewriter'sopinionabouttherockycliff5个PassageWildanimalsseemtohaveescapedthenOceantsunami,addingweighttonotionsthattheypossessa"sixthsense"fordisasters,expertssaidonThursday.SriLankanwildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24,000peoplealongthenOceanisland'scoastseeminglymissedwildbeasts,withnodeadanimalsfound."Noelephantsaredead,notevenadeadhareorrabbit.Ithinkanimalscansensedisaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening."H.D.Ratnayake,deputydirectorofSriLanka'sWildlifeDepartment,saidonWednesday.Thewaveswashedfloodwatersupto3km(2)inlandatYalaNationalParkintheravagedsoutheast,SriLanka'sbiggestwildlifereserveandhometohundredsofwildelephantsandseveralleopards."Therehasbeenalotofanecdotalevidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.Butithasnotbeenproven,"saidMatthewvanLierop,ananimalbehaviourspecialistatJohannesburgZoo."Therehavebeennospecificstudiesbecauseyoucan'treallytestitinalaborfieldsetting,"hesaid.Otheragreedwiththisassessment."Wildlifeseemstobeabletocertainphenomenon,especiallybirds.Therearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingcomingdisasters,"saidCliveWalker,whohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlife.AnimalscertainlyrelyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingtoavoiddangersuchasThe.notionofananimal"sixthsense"orsomeothermythicalpower-isanenduringonewhichtheevidenceonSriLanka'sbatteredcoastislikelytoaddto.TheRomanssawowlsassignsofimpendingdisasterandmanyancientculturesviewedelephantsassacredanimalsendowedwithspecialpowersorattributes.ThetsunamiwastriggeredbyanearthquakeinthenOceanonSunday.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica.Whatdoestheterm“sixthsense”inthetextmean?8个Whatistheauthor'spurposetoquoteCliveWalker'swords?8个 Intheauthor'sopinion,whycouldwildanimalshaveescapedthe nOceantsunami?(回答词数不超过8个)PassageNativeAtfirstKatethoughttheRomaniangirlcouldnotspeakandunderstandEnglish.NadiawouldnotreplytoanythingKatesaid.KatewashargeofshowingNadiaaroundonherfirstdayatBuckminsterGradeSchool.KatecouldnotfigureoutwhytheschoolhadputNadiainaclasswhereshecouldnotunderstandwhatpeopleweresaying."Whydidtheydothis?"Katewonderedaloud."Imean,youcan'tlearnifyoucan'tunderstandtheteacher."Nadia'svoicewasawhisper."IunderstandEnglish.1willlearn."Nadia'sEnglishwasKatewasperplexed.Shecouldn'tunderstandwhyNadiadidnotliketospeak.Thensherealizedthatmovingtoanewcountryprobablywasn'ttheeasiestthingtodo.Therewerehundredsofunfamiliarandunusualthingstolearn-allatthesametime."There'realotofnewthingstolearn,huh?"saidNadianoddedrapidly.Inaquietvoiceshereplied,"Manythingspeoplesay,Idonotunderstand.IhavebeenspeakingEnglishandRomanilmylife,butIdonotknowwhatsomechildrenaresaying.Forexample,yesterdayaboyaskedifIcouldhelphimfindtheUSBportonathinblackboxhewascarrying.Isn'taportaceforships?Iwasconfused.""Don'tworry,"saidKate."You'llfigureeverythingoutintime.Yousee,thatthinblackboxwasacomputer.AUSBportisacewhereyoucanconnectothermachinestoacomputer."NadiaandKatewerequietafterthat.TheytooknoteswhiletheteachergaveamathsToKate'surprise,NadiaputupherhandandofferedtoanswerquestionsattheNadiahandledeveryquestiontheteachergaveher.Someofthequestionswerereallydifficult,andnooneunderstoodwhatwasgoingonexceptNadiaandtheteacher.WhentheteachersaidthatNadiaansweredeverythingcorrectly,thewholeclassclappedtheirhands.NadiawassmilingwhenshesatbackdownnexttoKate."Somethings,"shesaidinanormalvoice,"arethesameallovertheworld."WhatmadeKateperplexed?(5个Whydidn'tNadialiketospeak?10个AtthebeginningNadiawasveryshy.Butwhatdoyouknowaboutherlater?回答词数不超过6个)PassageWhatwouldyoufahungrysharkattackedWhysharksNooneknowswhysharksattackpeople.Scientistssaythatitmaybeacaseofmistakenidentity?Toashark,aswimmercanlooklikeaseal(海豹).Andmanysharkseatseals.Tourismmaybeabiggerproblem.Manypeoplewanttoseesharksupclose.Sotheythrowfishpartsintothesea.Hungrysharksthenswimtowardthetourists'boats.Sharksmaylearntogotothesamecesagainandagaintofindfood.Sharksmaynotevenlikehowpeopletaste.Scientistspointoutthatsharksoftenleaveafterjustonebite.Ofcourse,evenasinglesharkbitecanbedeadly.Who'safraidofSharkattacksarenasty.Luckily,theyarealsorare.Worldwide,sharksattackfewerthanahundredpeopleayear.Onlyaboutsixdie.Overall,though,sharkshavefarmorereasonstofearusthanwehavetofearthem.AllsortsofAbout400sharkspeciesswimintheworld'soceanstoday.Theycomeinallsizes.Sharkseatotheranimals.Nowlet'smeetafewsharks.Thewhalesharkisthelargestfishinthesea.Fullygrown,itcanbeaslongasaschoolbus.Yetitdoesnothuntlargeanimals.Insteadthissharkswimswithitsmouthwideopen.Itgatherssardines(沙丁鱼)'tinyanimalsandnts.Anangelsharkhidesinsandandmudontheseafloor.Whenaschooloffishswimsby,thesharksnatchesdinnerwithitsjaws.Nearly5,000sharpteethlhemouthofagreatwhiteshark.Whenonefallsout,anotherrecesit.Thoseteethhelpthesharkhunt.Yetitdoesn'tchewfood.Itgulps(吞咽).Greatwhitesgetblamedformostsharkattacks.Buttheattacksoftigerandbullsharkscanalsobedangerous.Socanafewotherspecies.DeepAsdeadlyassomesharkslook,thefearsomefisharenotunstoppable.Nearly80sharkspeciesareindangerofdyingout."Timeisrunningoutforthesespecies."saysSonjiaFordham,ascientistattheOceanProgramstoprotectsharksandtheirhabitatareurgentlyneededtoensurethatthesespeciesWhat’sthepresentsituationofsharkspeciesintheworld5个Whatkindofsharkisthemostdangerous2个Whatisthescientistsattitudetowardsthefutureofsharks?6个Passage1KNEWbeforecomingtothatstudentshadareputationfortheirrediblestudyhabits.ButuponarrivinghinaandattendingaschoolIwastakenbackbythedisciplineanddeterminationbystudents.ThefamilyIstayedwithhadtwodaughterswhodisyedthesamezeal(热忱).Duringalmosteverywakingmomenttheystudy.TosomeextentIadmirestudentsforalltheefforttheyputintotheirstudies,butclthatstudyingreallybenefita Itriedthewayofstudyingforamonth,gettingupearlytostudylikemystudyingbeforeandafterlunchanddinner,andsometimeslateatnight.Ifoundmyselffatigue,restlessnessandwasunabletorememberwhatIreadlateatnight.MyeyeswereheavyandIwasirritable(易怒的). studentshavestudiedlikethisforyearsdespitethemanynegativesideButformeIthinkitisbettertobalanceoutallofthatstudyingwithotherListentoclassicalorsoftmusic.Gotobedatareasonabletimeinsteadofstudyingintothenight.Itwon'tdoyouanygoodifyou'retootiredtoconcentrateonthatbigtestthenextday.Taketimewithyourfriendstorelax.Exerciseisalsoveryrelaxingandstimulatingtoyourbodyandmind.Trythesetipsoutsometimes,andIthinkthey'lldoyouaworldofgood. students’impressionontheauthorbeforearriving?(4个Whataretheauthor’stipsforusstudents?(回答词数不超过11个Whydidtheauthorfeelfatigueand PassageThebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerin"businessclass.Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedthatwellover100accidentscouldhavebeencausedbyelectromaicinterference(干扰)?Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,butreasingly,expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicessuchasportablecomputers,radioandcassetteyersand RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvisestheaviation()industry,hasrecommendedthatallairlinesbansuchdevicesfrombeingusedduring"critical"stagesofflight,particularlytakingoffandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurther,callingforatotalbanduringallflights.Currently,rulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibitpassengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,mostarereluctanttoenatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights.Thedifficultyispredictinghowelectromaicfieldsmightaffectanaircraft'scomputers.Expertsknowthatportabledevicesgiveoutradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhichaircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerable易受损的)tointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamagenavigationequipment.Aworry,though,isthatthepassengerwhocan'theartheinstructionswillnotturnoffhisradiobecausethemusic'stooWhatcouldsomeaircraftshaveresultedfrom?(回答词数不超过三个 Whydofewairlineswanttoimposeatotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevices?(回答词数不超过10个)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout8个PassageBeijing(Xinhua)Blind pianistSunYan,23,willgiveaconcertatthePeople'sLiberationArmyTheatreindowntownBeijing.Sun,astudentatthewell-known CentralConservatoryofMusic,wasbornwithcataracts(白内障),whichcausedhimtobecomeblind.Hestartedlearningtoythepianowhenhewasthreeyearsoldandimmediaygainedacclaim(喝彩)asapianovirtuosoatofGuoShulan,headoftheCCCM,saidSunwasthefirstblindstudenttheschoolhadeverreceivedinitshalf-centuryhistory.Thewell-knownpianoteacherYangJun,taughtallyandfoundthathewasapianotalentandhadstrongAthisconcert,Sunwillyadozenmasterpiecesbycomposers,suchasBach,BeethovenandChopin."Commonpianoyersmayhavealookattheselonganddifficultmusicalpieceswhileying,butSunwouldhavetospendamuch,muchlongertimetofullymemorizeapiecemusic."