初中英语被动语态讲解(精心整理)

被动语态专题定义语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词被动语态的时态：“主动语态变被动语态，时态不变动”，即助动词be的时态要跟原主动语态中的时态保持一致。请看下表：时态被动结构一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时was/were+过去分词一般将来时will/shallbe+过去分词现在进行时am/is/arebeing+过去分词现在完成时have/hasbeen+过去分词含情态动词can/may/must...be+过去分词主动语态变被动语态的方法第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。第二步：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，变宾格为主格。第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”，时态不变。第四步：把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”在句中常省略。)，若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。请对比下面的主动句和被动句：主动语态：They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)inthesoutheastofChina.被动语态：Tea(主语)isgrown(谓语)bytheminthesoutheastofChina.随堂演练（把下列句型改为被动句）1.Brucewritesalettereveryweek.→2.LiLeimendedthebrokenbikethismorning.→3.Wegrowtreeseveryspring.→4.Mymothercleansourroomeverymorning.→补充：=1\*GB3①S+V+IO+DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为主语，需根据习惯在原间宾语前加上介词to或for。用to的常见词有：give,show,send,lend,pass,pay,teach,throw,bring…….用for的常见词有：design,choose,sing,buy,get,cook……1.Marygavehimsomebooks.HewasgivensomebooksbyMary.SomebooksweregiventohimbyMary.2.Herfatherboughtheranewbike.Shewasboughtanewbikebyherfather.Anewbikewasboughtforherbyherfather.随堂演练：（1）Hegavemeabook.→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)→____________________________________(直接宾语作主语)（2）Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→____________________________________(间接宾语作主语)→____________________________________(直接宾语作主语)=2\*GB3②S+V+O+OC带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的结构变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。1.WecallhimGina.→HeiscalledGina(byus).2.Theymademehappy.→Iwasmadehappy(bythem).3.Heaskedmetocomehere.→Iwasaskedtocomehere(byhim)补充：在主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后接动词原形（即省to的动词不定式），在变成被动语态时，需将to补上。使役动词let除外。使役动词和感官动词有：一感（feel）,二听（hear，listento）,三让（make,have,let）,四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）Isawhimplayfootballontheplaygroundjustnow.→Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplaygroundbyme.随堂演练：1.Wesawthem_______(play)football.They___________________________football.2.Weoftenhearher_______(sing)inEnglish.She_____often______________inEnglish.另：see,hear后接doing作宾补时,在变为被动语态时不加to。Icanhearhimsinging.He____________________________.被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句ThephotosweretakeninJapan.(改为否定句)②（改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答）被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Mybikewasstolenyesterday.(2)强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。Thepenwasusedbymyfather.【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise，come，go，happen，takeplace等，没有被动语态。被动语态注意点含“不及物动词+介词/副词”（短语动词）的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。Shetookgoodcareofhergrandmother.→Hergrandmotherwastakengoodcareofbyher.随堂演练1.Peopleoftentalkaboutthatfilm.Thatfilmisoftentalked______.2.Helooksaftermeverywell.I________________________________.3.Thenursetookgoodcareofthesickman.Thesickman__________________.4.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpeoplepolitely.Theoldpeopleshould_______________politely.主动形式表示被动意义.(强调动作自然发生，或事物本身性质)某些连系动词:look,smell,taste,feel,sound。主动形式表示被动意义。Themusic________(听起来)interesting.说明主语特征、状态的词。这类词通常主动表被动。growwell,,washwell,writewell,sellwell，readwell,breakeasily,hurtbadly（疼得厉害）随堂演练1.Wegrowriceeveryyear.Anditgrowswell.2.Theglasswasbrokenbyaboy.Thiskindofglass______easily.(容易碎)3.Thepenissoldhere.Itwell.(写起来好)4.Thatbookissoldhere.It________/_______well.(卖得好)(读起来好)5.Theshirtiswashedeveryday.Andit_______well.(洗起来好)6.Ilikeeatingthefood.Andit______well(吃起来好)7.He_______byacaryesterday.Now,hishead_________(疼)badly.当open,close,shut,lock,move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常主动表被动。need,want,require等动词以及形容词worth（值得）后面，跟-ing的主动形式表达被动意义。needdoingsth=needtobedonewantdoingsth=wanttobedonerequiredoingsth=requiretobedonebeworthdoingsth值得被做某事Myoldbikeneedsrepairing=Myoldbikeneedstoberequired。我的旧自行车需要修一下。随堂演练Myclothesneed___________(wash).Thebookisworth___________(read)twice.Thehouseneeds__________(repair).表示动作自然发生的动词，如：appear,comeout,happen,takeplace,die,disappear,fall,breakdown,itch,rise,belongto随堂演练1.Insummer,leaves________(落下)