2017年高二英语人教版选修8教案：Unit1AlandofdiversityPeriod3 Word版含解析

Period3Grammar—ReviseNounClauses（astheSubject，ObjectandPredicative）整体设计教学内容分析Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammaritem：nounclauses.Nounclausesarethedependentclausesthatserveasnounsinparticularsentences.Inthisunit，wemainlydealwithnounclausesasthesubject，objectandpredicative.三维目标设计Knowledgeandskills1．Togetthestudentstoknowthedifferenttypesofnounclauses.2．Toletthestudentslearntheusagesofthenounclauses.3．Toenablethestudentstousethenounclausescorrectlyandproperly.Processandmethods1．Toaskthestudentstoreadthereadingpassageagain，pickoutthesentencesincludingthenounclausesfromthereadingpassage，makeoutwhatkindofnounclausestheyareandtranslatethemintoChinese.2．Toaskthestudentstodiscoverthestructureandusagesofnounclausesbycomparingalotofexamplesentences.3．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinRevisingusefulstructuresonPage5forstudentstomasternounclauses.4．Toaskthestudentstosummarizethestructureandusagesofnounclauses.5．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage49andsomeotheradditionalexercisesforconsolidation.Emotion，attitudeandvalue1．Togetthestudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.2．Todevelopthestudents'abilityofcomparingandsummarizing.教学重点、难点1．Thechoiceofconjunctions.2．Thewordorderinnounclauses.教学过程Step1Revision1．Checkthehomeworkexercises.2．Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.3．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish：（1）要满足每一个人绝非易事。_____________________________________________（2）多数亚洲人以大米为食。_______________________________________________Suggestedanswers：（1）Itisbynomeanseasytosatisfyeveryone.（2）MostoftheAsiansliveonrice.Step2WarmingupAskthestudentstounderlinethenounclausesinthefollowingsentences.Thentellwhattypesofnounclausestheyare.1．Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.2．Thatiswhatheworriedabout.3．Ithinkthatwomencanreachveryhighachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.Suggestedanswers：1．Whether_it_is_true（nounclauseasthesubject）2．what_he_worried_about（nounclauseasthepredicative）3．that_women_can_reach_very_high_achievements_in_many_fields_of_science（nounclauseastheobject）Step3GrammarlearningⅠ．Analysisandexplainthenounclausesasthesubject，objectandpredicative.1．宾语从句（Nounclausesastheobject）宾语从句在复合句中作句子的宾语，可以作动词的宾语，也可作介词和形容词的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有连词that，if，whether；连接代词who，what，which，whose；连接副词when，where，how，why等。（1）作动词的宾语Jimsuggested（that）wegotoHuangshanduringthesummer.Idon'tknowwhatshehasboughtforherfatheronhisbirthday.（2）作介词的宾语Whetherwecansucceeddependsonhowwellwecooperate.Iwascuriousaboutwhatwewoulddonext.（3）作形容词的宾语I'mafraidthatI'vemadeamistake.Wearenotsurewhether/ifwecanpersuadehimoutofsmoking.2．表语从句（Nounclausesasthepredicative）表语从句在复合句中作句子的表语，放在连系动词后，一般结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。常接表语从句的系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。引导表语从句的词有连词that，whether；连接代词who，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why等。另外，还有常用的“thereason...that（不用because）”和“it（this，that）isbecause...”结构等。如：Itseemsthatitisgoingtosnow.HisfirstquestionwaswhetherTomhadarrivedyet.3．主语从句（Nounclausesasthesubject）在句子中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句，由that，what，whether，which，when，where，how，why等引导。如：Thatknowledgeispowerisafamoussayingknowntoall.ItisdisappointingthatTomcan'tcome.Whowillspeakatthemeetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.Whichteamhaswonthecompetitionisstillunknown.Ⅱ．Askthestudentstopaymoreattentiontothefollowing：1．名词性从句语序要用陈述句语序。2．几组重要连词的区别：if/whether；that/what；what/whatever；who/whoever；etc.3．It作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句或宾语从句。4．根据具体情景选择适当的连词。Step4SummingupTrytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions：1．Inobjectclauses“that”isoptionalandcanbeomitted.Butinpredicativeandsubjectclauses“that”isnecessaryandcannotbeomitted.2．Youshouldpayattentiontothewordorderinthenounclause.Normalwordorderisusedinit.3．Inordertokeepthesentencebalanced，weoftenuse“it”astheformalsubject，whichreplacestherealsubject.4．Thesubordinateconjunction“whether”canintroduceallthenounclauses，whilethesubordinateconjunction“if”canonlyintroduceanobjectclauseusedastheobjectofaverb.Step5Grammarpractice1．Choosethesuitableconjunctions.（1）______（whether/if）themeetingwillbeheldisstillaproblem.（2）Ithasnotbeendecidedyet______（who/whom）willbesentthere.（3）We'llcallthebaby______（whatever/nomatterwhat）nameyoulike.（4）Thisis______（what/where）ourproblemlies.（5）Marywroteanarticleon______（what/that）theteamthoughtwasthereasonfortheirlosingthegame.（6）After______（what/which）seemedhoursofwaiting，finallyitwasourturntodoit.（7）Hedidn'tworkhard，andthat's______（why/because）hefailedintheexam.（8）It'samazing______（asif/how）they'vemanagedtogeteverythingfinishedsoquickly.Suggestedanswers：（1）Whether（2）who（3）whatever（4）where（5）what（6）what（7）why（8）how2．DoExercise4inRevisingusefulstructuresonPage5.3．DotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage49.Firstaskstudentstodotheexercisesindividually，andthenletthemdiscussandchecktheiranswerswiththeirpartners，andfinallygivethemthecorrectanswersanddealwithanyproblemstheymightmeet.Step6LearningmoreaboutthegrammarAskstudentstogobacktoPages1­3andreadthroughthereadingpassageCaliforniatopickoutthesentenceswithnounclausesandthentranslatethemintoChinese.Suggestedanswers：1．Exactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhat_we_now_know_as_California，noonereallyknows.最早一批移民具体是什么时候到达我们今天称之为加利福尼亚的地方的，谁也说不清楚。2．ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。3．Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups，butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人们相信，过不了多久国籍相混的程度将会非常之大，以至于不再有主要的种族或文化群体，而仅仅是一个多种族和文化的混合体。Step7Playingagame1．Getstudentstoformgroupsof6.2．Letstudentsplaythegame“IthinkIcan...”．Askthestudentstotaketurnstothinkaboutwhattheycandotowinthechampionship.Maketheirownsentencesasinterestingandimaginativeastheycan.Writedownthesixbestonesandsharethemwiththeclass.Step8Exercises1．Translatethefollowingsentences，payingspecialattentiontotheunderlinedparts.（1）What_he_told_mewasonlyhalf­truth.（2）Whatever_is_worth_doingshouldbedonewell.（3）Whether_he_comes_or_notmakesnodifference.（4）When_we_can_begin_the_expeditionisstillaquestion.（5）How_he_is_going_to_do_itisamystery.（6）Itdoesn'tmakemuchdifferencewhether_he_attends_the_meeting_or_not.（7）Itseemedinconceivable_that_the_pilot_could_have_survived_the_crash.（8）It_is_strangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings.（9）Itseemsthat_it_is_going_to_snow.（10）Thequestionremainswhether_we_can_win_the_majority_of_the_people.Suggestedanswers：（1）他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。（2）任何值得做的事情都应该做好。（3）他来不来都没有关系。（4）我们何时才能开始这次考察仍然悬而未决。（5）他准备怎么做这个事情是个谜。（6）他参不参加会议没有多大关系。（it没有翻译）（7）驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后竟然还能活着，这简直不可思议。（it翻译为“这”）（8）真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。（it不用翻译，还可以用“奇怪的是……”这样的结构来翻译）（9）看起来要下雪了。（10）问题仍然是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持。2．Fillintheblankswithproperconjunctions.Itseems（1）______theBritishjustcan'tlivewithoutsportsofsomekind.AfamousFrenchhumoristoncesaid（2）______thisis（3）______theEnglisharefondofdoing（4）______childrendointheirdailylives，anditlooks（5）______menshallalwaysremainboysandwomengirls!Thefact（6）______you'llseebothchildrenandgrown­upsknockingaballisreallyamazing！Takingallamateurandprofessionalsportsintoconsideration，therecanbenodoubt（7）______footballisatthetopofthelist.Doyouknow（8）______thefootballoriginated？It'ssaid（9）______itdatesfromthebeginningofthe19thcentury.Whenasked（10）______theyenjoythesportsornot，theanswerisabsolutely“yes”．Indeed，（11）______theyneedmostisjustpleasureandagoodmoodgainedfromthegame.That's（12）______footballissopopularinthiscountry.Suggestedanswers：（1）that（2）that（3）because（4）what（5）asif（6）that（7）that（8）when（9）that（10）whether（11）what（12）whyStep9ClosingdownbyaquizShowstudentsthefollowingonthescreenorgiveouttestpaperstothem.1．Yourskirtisreallysplendid，but______weactuallyneedisnotaskirtbutanewpairofshoes.A．thatB．whatC．whetherD．how2．______madememoresurprisedwas______thepickpocketaskedmyfriendtolendhimsomemoneyandheagreed.A．What；thatB．That；thatC．What；whetherD．It；that3．Whatdoyouthinkofthissuggestionthatwe______lunchatthenewrestaurant?A．willhaveB．aregoingtohaveC．wouldhaveD．have4．Idon'tknowthereason______youwereabsentfromthemeeting，butI'msurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason______youhaven'ttoldme.A．why；thatB．that；whyC．because；whichD．ofwhich；that5．______madehismothersurprisedwas______TomSmithshouldhavebeenfooledbysuchasimpletrick.A．What；thatB．What；becauseC．That；whatD．That；because6．AccordingtoBillGates，theidea______wecanplayvideogamesandreceivee­mailswithoutsittingatakeyboardwillcometrue.However，itisunclear______itwillbeonsaleand______itwillcost.A．which；that；whatB．/；whether；howmuchC．that；when；whatD．that；that；howmuch7．Thedoctorsaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepeople'sfear______theywouldbeinfectedbytheseriousdisease.A．whetherB．whichC．whenD．that8．Wordhascome______insomewesterncountriesdemandforgraduatesfromMBAcourseshasfallendown.A．thatB．whileC．whenD．as9．ThoughFrancescongratulatesherselfonhersuccess，shesometimeswonders______willhappentoherprivatelife.A．itB．whatC．whichD．that10．IthinkMotherwouldliketoknow______I'vebeenuptosofar，soIdecidetosendheraquicknote.A．whichB．whyC．whatD．how11．Weshouldbeawareofthefact______richcountriesarebecomingricherwhilepoorcountriesarebecomingpoorer.A．whichB．whatC．thatD．where12．Theyareteachersanddon'trealize______tostartandrunacompany.A．whatittakesB．whattakesitC．whattheytakeD．whattakesthem13．Ihaven'tsettledthequestion______I'llgobackhome.A．asB．whatC．whetherD．if14．Onsteppingintohisroomhewasastonishedtofindthefloorcoveredwith______lookedliketinyinsects.A．thatB．somethingC．whatD．anything15．Inordertoencouragethestudentstostudyhard，theschooldecidestogivethescholarshipto______winsthefirstintheexam.A．whoB．whomC．whomeverD．whoever16．______Tomwasworriedaboutseemedobvioustoeveryonepresentatthemeeting.A．WhatB．WhichC．ThatD．How17．—Itremainstobeseen______theplancanbeputintopractice.—Itdependsonyourdetermination.A．whetherB．whereC．howD．that18．Manyexpertsholdtheview______teacherdevelopmentis______thekeytobettereducationlies.A．which；whereB．which；inwhichC．that；whereD．that；inwhich19．After______seemedanendlesswait，itwashisturntohavethejobinterview.A．thatB．whichC．whatD．who20．Therewasasuddenflash，followedby______soundedlikefireworks.A．whatB．somethingC．itD．whichSuggestedanswers：1­5BADAA6­10CDABC11­15CACCD16­20AACCAStep10Homework1．FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.2．Previewlisteningandspeaking.Step11Reflectionafterteaching________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________教学参考名词性从句考点透视在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语（含介词宾语）、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句用法要点多，牵涉面广，与其他句式结合性强，是中学英语语法中的重点和难点，也是高考的常考点。考点一：从句引导词的正确选用这是近几年高考试题中关于名词性从句考查的重中之重。解决这一问题可以依据从句中“缺什么成分补什么成分”的原则确定是选用从属连词、连接代词还是连接副词，然后再根据意思选用具体的连接词。名词性从句的引导词很多，归纳起来可分为以下三类：功能例词从属连词只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分that，whether，if连接代词既起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语who，whom，whose，which，what以及wh­＋ever连接副词既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语when，where，how，why以及wh­＋ever如果名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则选用连接代词。如果名词性从句中缺少状语，则选用连接副词。如果名词性从句中不缺成分，仅仅陈述事实，则用that引导。例如：Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview，pleaserememberthegoldenrule：Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly______hewants.在你面试回答问题时，请记住这条黄金法则：永远给予他人他确实想要的东西。分析：give后接双宾语，宾语从句中wants后面缺少宾语，故填what。Webelieved______hehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.我们相信他已经挣了足够多的钱来建造房屋。分析：宾语从句中不缺少成分，且陈述一件事实，用that引导。______willwinthematchisstillunknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。分析：分析题干可知这是一个含有主语从句的复合句，主语从句中缺少主语，且指人，用who引导。Ihavenoidea______helearnedaboutit.我不知道他是怎么知道的。分析：同位语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，根据意思，句中缺少表示方式的状语，应填连接副词how。【考例】①（2010北京高考）PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel，DavidCopperfield，was______itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.A．whatB．thatC．whyD．whether【解析】B分析句子结构可知，was后面是一个表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，而是陈述事实，故用that引导。②（2009江苏高考）ManyyoungpeopleintheWestareexpectedtoleave______couldbelife'smostimportantdecision—marriage—almostentirelyuptoluck.A．asB．thatC．whichD．what【解析】Dleave后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故选用what引导。③（2010四川高考）Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyon______hegoeswith，whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.A．whatB．whoC．howD．why【解析】B分析句子结构可知，这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。谓语动词dependon后面跟了一个who引导的宾语从句，who指人，在从句中作介词with的宾语。④（2010重庆高考）Toimprovethequalityofourproducts，weaskedforsuggestions______hadusedtheproducts.A．whoeverB．whoC．whicheverD．which【解析】A分析句子结构可知，这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。asksb.forsuggestions意为“向某人征求建议”，但在该句中的sb.为whoever引导的宾语从句，句中既缺少引导词同时又缺少主语，应选用whoever，相当于anybodywho。who具有疑问意义，与句意不符。⑤（2010湖南高考）Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo______ittakestosaveherlife.A．whicheverB．howeverC．whateverD．whoever【解析】C分析句子结构可知，这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。宾语从句中的动词takes后缺少宾语，应选用whatever，相当于anythingthat。⑥（2010全国高考Ⅰ）Wehaven'tdiscussedyet______wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.A．thatB．whichC．whatD．where【解析】D分析句子结构可知，这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。宾语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，故排除B、C两项，但从句中缺少地点状语，应选用where。⑦（2010全国高考Ⅱ）—Haveyoufinishedthebook?—No.Ihavereadupto______childrendiscoveredthesecretcave.A．whichB．whatC．thatD．where【解析】D分析句子结构可知，这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，题中从句作介词to的宾语。从句中不缺少主语或宾语，故排除A、B两项。结合答语的含义“我读到孩子们发现神秘山洞的地方了”可以判断，从句中缺少地点状语，应选用where。⑧（2010湖南高考）Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknew______shewassoangry.A．whereB．whetherC．thatD．why【解析】D分析句子结构可知，这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，题中从句作动词knew的宾语。从句中缺少原因状语，应选用why。考点二：从句中的语序在名词性从句中一律使用陈述句语序，特别要注意由连接代词和连接副词引导的从句，切不可受特殊疑问句的影响而用了疑问句语序。例如：IwonderwhenS.H.E.iscomingtoJinantohaveaconcert.我想知道S.H.E.什么时候来济南开演唱会。ThebigproblemfortheU．S.ishowthey_can_settlethefinancialcrisis.美国面临的重大的问题是如何解决金融危机。【考例】Theseshoeslookverygood.Iwonder______.A．howmuchcosttheyareB．howmuchdotheycostC．howmuchtheycostD．howmucharetheycost【解析】CIwonder后接宾语从句，从句中要用陈述句语序。当连接词含疑问意义时，学生往往受汉语习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。此题B项是疑问句语序，A、D项语法错误，故只能选C项。考点三：从句中的时态在名词性从句中，要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致关系。例如：Iknow（that）Jolinwill_releasehernewalbumsoon.我知道蔡依林很快要出新专辑了。（当主句是现在时态时，宾语从句可以根据需要用各种时态。）Susandecidednottoworkontheprogramathomebecauseshedidn'twantherparentstoknowwhatshewas_doing.苏珊决定不在家里设计这个程序，因为她不想让她父母知道她正在干什么。（当主句谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句则须用过去的某种时态。）【考例】（2009北京高考）Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniverse______intobeing.A．cameB．wascomingC．hadcomeD．wouldcome【解析】A句意为：“科学家关于宇宙是怎样形成的有很多理论。”宇宙的形成是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时。考点四：从句中的语气在某些宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词需用虚拟语气。1．宾语从句中（1）在表示“坚持、要求、命令、建议”之类的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”形式，should可省略。常见的此类动词有insist，order，command，suggest，advise，propose，demand，request，require，recommend等。例如：Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody（should）obeytherules.门口的哨兵坚持每个人都应遵守规章制度。Hedemandedthathe（should）besenttoworkthere.他要求被派往那儿工作。需特别注意的是：动词suggest表示“暗示、表明”，insist表示“坚持说（认为）”时，其后的宾语从句中的谓语动词则要用相应的陈述语气。例如：Onthedeadboy'sfacetherewasahalfsmilethatseemedtosuggestthathewashappytohavegivenhislifeforhiscountry.在那位死去的孩子的脸上有一丝微笑，似乎表明他很高兴把自己的生命献给了自己的祖国。TheArabinsistedthathehadneverseenthecamel.那位阿拉伯人坚持说他从来没有看见过那头骆驼。【考例】（2009浙江高考）Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou______swimaftereatingalargemeal.A．wouldn'tB．couldn'tC．needn'tD．shouldn't【解析】Drecommend后接宾语从句时，从句中应使用虚拟语气，动词用“should＋动词原形”的形式。（2）在动