汽车制动系统英文翻译

BrakesystemforautomotivevehicleUS8366203B2公开号US8366203B2发布类型 授权专利申请号12/897,971公开日2013年2月5日申请日期2010年10月5日优先权日2007年4月9日公告号US20110025120发明者JohnP.JoyceAssigneeFordGlobalTechnologiesFordGlobalTechnologies,Llc美国分类303/20303/115.5303/113.1303/11隐藏部分内容《显示另外3个》国际分类号B60T13/16合作分类B60T2270/604B60T1/10B60T7/042B60T13/161B60T8/4081隐藏部分内容《显示另外4个》参考文献 专利引用(20)非专利引用(2)外部链接 美国专利商标局(USPTO)美国专利商标局(USPTO)专利转让信息欧洲专利数据库(Espacenet)隐藏部分内容《显示另外2个》摘要Abrakesystemforanautomotivevehicleincludesacontrollerforoperatingfrictionandpowertrainbrakingsubsystemssothathydraulicpressuretothefrictionbrakesisminimizedduringpowertrainbraking,whileatthesametimeemulatingthedriver-interfaceoperatingcharacteristicsofapurefriction-brakingsystemduringalloperatingconditions.汽车的制动系统包括一个制动操作装置和刹车动力转动系统以便在制动的时候液压压力到制动器是最小的，然而同时模拟在所有操作条件下程序接口控制一个纯摩擦制动系统的特征BACKGROUND背景1.FieldoftheInvention发明领域Thepresentinventionrelatestoavehicularsystemforapplyingbothfrictionandpowertrainbraking,whilemaintainingoperationalcharacteristicstypicaloffriction-onlybrakingsystems.本发明涉及一种车载系统施加摩擦和动力制动，同时保持仅摩擦制动操作的典型特征的系统2.DisclosureInformation披露信息Hybridelectricvehiclestypicallyuseregenerativebrakingtoachieveenhancedfueleconomy.Whenthevehicle'soperatorcallsforbraking,eitherbyreleasingtheaccelerator,orbysteppingonthebrake,thevehiclemaybebrakedeitherregeneratively,orbyfrictionbrakes,orboth.Itwouldbedesirabletoprovideabrakingsystemhavingrelativelyinvariantresponsecharacteristics,sothatthevehicle'soperatorexperiencesbrakingperformanceasaconsistentevent,independentoftheparticularmixoffrictionandregenerativebrakingprevailingduringanyparticularbrakingevent.混合动力电动车通常使用再生制动来提高燃油的经济性。当车辆的驾驶员需要刹车时，通过释放加速踏板或者踩下制动踏板，车辆也许停着或者再生地，或者通过摩擦制动器，或者两者。提供一种相对不变的响应特性的制动系统是可取的，以便车辆驾驶员感受到制动表现是始终如一的，独立于特定的混合摩擦和再生制动盛行在任何特定的制动事件。SUMMARY摘要Accordingtoanaspectofthepresentinvention,abrakesystemforanautomotivevehicleincludesanumberoffrictionbrakemodulesassociatedwithapluralityofroadwheels,andamastercylinderhavinganinputdeviceactivatedbytheoperatorofavehicle.Atleastoneisolationvalveselectivelypermitshighpressurebrakefluidfromthemastercylindertoactuatethefrictionbrakemodules.Acomplianceandbrakeapplicationsubsysteminterposedbetweenthemastercylinderandthefrictionbrakemodulesincludesasignalchamberfluidicallyconnectedwiththeoutputofthemastercylinder,withthesignalchamberhavingamovablepistonhavingafirstsidesubjecttohydraulicpressurefromthemastercylinderandfromahydraulicpump,andasecondsidesubjecttohydraulicpressurefromboththehydraulicpumpandaresilientelementpressinguponthesecondsideofthemovablepiston.Thesecondsideofthemovablepistonpartiallydefinesaworkingchamber.根据本目前本发明的一方面，汽车的制动系统包括若干与几个车轮相关的制动模块和一个被车辆驾驶员控制输入设备的主缸。至少一个隔离阀有选择性地允许高压制动液使主缸来驱动摩擦制动模块。一个合规的制动应用系统被设置在主缸和包含于主缸液体输出相连的信号室发热摩擦制动模块，信号室有一个一侧从主缸和液压泵受到液压压力的可移动活塞，而另外一侧受到来自液压泵和一个弹性元件的液压压力。可动活塞的第二侧部分定义一个工作腔。Accordingtoanotheraspectofthepresentinvention,acontrollerdeterminesthetotalamountofbrakingdesiredbythevehicleoperatorbaseduponatleasttheoperator'sactivationofthemastercylinder,withthecontrollerapplyingthefrictionbrakeswithhighpressurefluidfromthehydraulicpump,andwiththecontrolleralsoselectivelyprovidingbrakefluidtothesignalchamberandtheworkingchambersothattheoperatingcharacteristicsofthemastercylinderandinputdeviceemulateamastercylinderandinputdeviceusedwithanoperator-appliedfrictionbrakingsystem.根据本发明的另一个方面，控制器所需的总制动量由车辆操作员至少根据操作者的操作的主缸确定的，控制器将来自液压泵的高压液体应用到摩擦制动上，并且控制器也可以有选择性的提供制动液到信号室和工作室以便主缸的操作特性和主缸的输入设备的模拟以及输入设备通过一个操纵应用摩擦制动系统使用。Accordingtoanotheraspectofthepresentinvention,abrakesystemisoperableinatleastafirststateinwhichaninputdeviceisinabrakingrequestmodeandneitherthemastercylindernorthehydraulicpumpapplypositivepressuretothefrictionbrakemodules,andasecondstateinwhichtheinputdeviceisinabrakingrequestmodeandthehydraulicpumpappliespositivepressuretothefrictionbrakemodules.根据本发明的另一方面，一个制动系统至少在一个第一状态的输入设备是在一个制动请求模式下是可操作的,无论是主缸和液压油泵应用正压到摩擦制动模块，和第二个状态的输入设备是在一个制动请求模式和水力泵适用于正压力对摩擦制动模块。Itisanadvantageofthepresentsystemthatavehicleoperatorwillexperienceconsistentbrakepedalperformance,orfeel,whetheravehicleisbeingbrakedregeneratively,orwithfrictionbrakes,orboth.本系统的优势是车辆驾驶员体验到始终如一的制动踏板的性能或者感觉，无论车辆是重复踩刹车，摩擦制动或者两者兼而有之。DESCRIPTIONOFDRAWINGS（附图描述）FIG.1isaschematicrepresentationofabrakingsystemaccordingtoanaspectofthepresentinvention.FIG.2issimilartoFIG.1,andisalsoschematicrepresentationofabrakingsystemaccordingtoanaspectofthepresentinvention.FIG.3isathirdschematicrepresentationofabrakingsystemaccordingtoanaspectofthepresentinvention.DESCRIPTIONOFINVENTION发明说明书AsshowninFIG.1,brakesystem10usesatleastoneoperator-activatedinputdevice.Asusedinthiscontext,theterm“operator”meansahumandriverormotorist.Intheillustratedembodintheinputdeviceisabrakepedal,14.Thoseskilledintheartwillappreciateinviewofthisdisclosurethatothertypesofoperator-activatedinputdevicescouldbeused,suchasanacceleratorpedal,orothertypesofmanualormotorist-programmablecontrols.Brakesystem10includesnotonlyfrictionbraking,butalsoapowertrainbrakingsubsystem,64,whichmaybeconfiguredaseitheraregenerative,ornon-regenerativeelectricorfluidic,orothertypeofpowertrainbrakingsystemknowntothoseskilledintheartandsuggestedbythisdisclosure.如图一所示，制动系统10至少由一个操作员控制的输入设备使用。在这种情况下，术语“操控者”是指人类实际或开车的人。在插图中看到，输入设备是制动踏板14.本领域技术员针对这一披露，其他形式的操纵输入设备可以用来激活如油门踏板或其他类型的手动或司机编程控制。制动系统10不仅包括摩擦制动，也是一种动力制动子系统，64,可配置为一个再生，或非再生电或液体或者动力制动系统，本领域技术人员所熟知的其他类型的信息披露的。Brakepedal14actuatesadualhydraulicmastercylinder,18,feedingtwohydrauliccircuits.Mastercylinder18hastwosensors,22and26.Sensor22isapedalpositionsensor,andsensor26isahydraulicpressuresensor.Eitherorbothsensors,oryetothertypesofsensorsmaybeemployedtonotifycontroller62thatthemotoristdesiresbraking.制动踏板14驱动双液压主缸18给两个液压回路压力。主缸18有两个传感器22和26.传感器22是油门踏板位置传感器，传感器26是液压压力传感器。一方或双方的传感器，或其他类型的传感器可以用来通知控制器62按照驾驶员的意愿而制动。Fluidleavingmastercylinder18movestowardantilockunit38.Duringnormaloperation,however,fluidisblockedfromreachingABSunit38byauxiliaryisolationvalve30andprincipalisolationvalve34,whicharenormallyopenvalves.Intheeventthatoperationoftheelectronicallyboostedportionofthepresentbrakingsystembecomescompromised,valves30and34willremainopen,andworkingchambervalve66willbeclosed,therebyallowingfluidtoproceeddirectlyfrommastercylinder18toABSunit38andfrictionbrakemodules42.Valves66,70,78,and90areallshowninFIGS.1-3asnormally-closedvalves.Thoseskilledintheartwillrecognizethatsomeorallcanbereplacedbynormally-openvalvestooptimizeadesign—particularlyinconsiderationofpotentialfailuremodesandtosupportevacuationandfillingofthebrakesystemduringvehicleassembly.液体离开主缸18向防抱死装置38流动。在正常操作过程中。然而，流体无法到达ABS装置38通过辅助隔离阀30和主隔离阀34,这是常开阀。在事件被触动时，本制动系统的电子部分的操作变得妥协，阀30和34将保持打开状态，工作腔阀66将被关闭，从而允许流体从主缸18直接进行到ABS单元38和摩擦制动模块42。阀66，70，78，和90都示于图1-3为常闭阀。那些本领域的技术人员意识到，一些或所有可以被替换为常开阀通过优化设计，特别考虑到潜在的失效模式、支持模式和灌装模式的制动系统。AsfurthershowninFIG.1,afirstembodimentofthepresentsystemalsoincludesacompliancebrakeapplicationsubsystem,includingsignalchamber,46,whichisconnectedwiththeoutputofmastercylinder18.Signalchamber46hasanmoveablepiston,50,withafirstside,50a,subjecttohydraulicpressurefrommastercylinder18,aswellaspressurefrompump82,whichisdrivenbymotor86.Asecondside,50b,ofpiston50,issubjecttohydraulicpressurefrompump82,aswellasspring58,whichfunctionsasaresilientelement.Inessence,moveablepiston50modulatesbrakepressuresinthecircuitsconnectedwithchambers46and54.如图一中所示，本系统的第一个体现也包括一个合规的制动子系统，包括与主缸18的输出相连接的信号室46.信号室46有一个可移动的活塞50，其第一侧50A受到来自主缸18液压压力，以及从泵82的压力，这是由电动机86驱动的。活塞50的第二侧50B，受泵82液压压力，以及弹簧58,它的功能是作为一个弹性元件。在本质上，可移动的活塞50调节制动压力在电路中与室46和54.Duringoperationofthepresentsystemconcurrentlywithpowertrain-onlybraking,valves30are34closed,andworkingchambervalve66isopen.Thisallowspump82towithdrawfluidfromworkingchamber54.Openinglowpressurevalve70allowspump82towithdrawfluidfromaccumulator74.Pump82canprovidefluidtoeitheraccumulator74,ifcompliancevalve78isopen,ortomastercylinder18andsignalchamber46.Becausepump82isabletodrawfluidfromworkingchamber54,itispossibletobringthehydraulicpressureinthecircuitconnectedtoprincipalisolationvalve34tozero.Whileoperatinginthismanner,pressureincreaseswithinworkingchamber54arecontrolledbyprincipalisolationvalve34,whereaspressuredecreasesarecontrolledbyworkingchambervalve66.在本系统操作期间，动力只用于制动，阀30和阀34关闭，并且工作室阀66打开。这允许泵82从工作室54里退出液体。开启低压阀70允许泵82推出来着蓄能器74的液体。泵82可以提供液体到蓄能器74，如果符合阀78被打开，或者主缸18和信号室46.因为泵82能从工作室54推出液体，它可以使液压压力在电路连接到主隔离阀34时到零。在这种方式操作下，工作室54液压压力增长是由主隔离阀34控制。而压力下降是由工作腔控制阀66控制。Becausethehydraulicpressuresactingonbothsidesofpiston50arecontrolledbysystemcontroller62,theoperatingcharacteristicsofmastercylinder18andbrakepedal14emulateamastercylinderandinputdevicetypicallyusedwithanoperator-appliedfrictionbrakingsystem.Inotherwords,themechanicalfeelofthebrakepedal,whilethesystemisoperatinginafullpowertrainbrakingmodeisindistinguishablefromthefeelofaconventionalfrictionbrakingsystem.因为作用在活塞50两侧的液压压力是由系统控制器62控制的，其操作特点是主缸18和制动踏板14模拟一个主缸和输入设备被用于操作者施加施加摩擦制动。换句话说，制动踏板的机械感觉，当系统在全动力自动的操作模式和传统的摩擦制动系统的感觉是没有区别的。Whensufficientpowertrainbrakingisnotavailabletomeetdemand,controller62willdirectpump82topushfluidthroughprincipalisolationvalve34toABSunit38.在足够的动力制动不能满足需求时，控制器62将直接泵82推动液体通过主隔离阀34到达ABS装置38。TheembodimentofFIG.1includestwocheckvalves,100,and101.Checkvalve100canservethreefunctions.Whenvalve78isopen,checkvalve100assuresthataccumulator74isfilledwithfluidfrompump82,andnotfluidfrommastercylinder18.Thisisimportantbecausethebrakingsystemcanmaintainaconstantmaster-cylinderbrakepressure,whilechangingthepressuredifferencebetweenchambers46and54,thusloweringpressureinsomeorallofthebrakes42,dependingoninclusionofanisolationpiston,andisolationpistonvalveshownat200and204,respectivelyinFIG.1.Checkvalve100alsokeepsfluidfromflowingintoaccumulator74ifvalve78failsorleaks.Finally,checkvalve100dampspressuredisturbancesfrompump82.Checkvalve101enhancestherobustnessofthepresentbrakingsystembyhandlinganyincidentalleakorfailureofvalve70.Ifthereisapowerlossorothergeneralsystemimpairment,normalfeelofpedal14willbepreserved,becausefluidwillnotbepushedintoaccumulator74.Isolationpiston200andisolationpistonvalve204areimportantbecausetheypermitregenerativebrakingwithadiagonalsplitbrakingsysteminwhichthehydraulicbrakesaredivideddiagonallyintotwocircuits,with,forexample,theleftfrontandtherightrearbrakehydraulicsbeinginterconnected.Ifthepressurefallsoffwithineithercircuit,piston200willbottomout,allowingpressuretobedevelopedwithintheremainingcircuit.图1的实施例中包含两个止回阀100和101。子会发110可以作为三个功能。当阀78打开，止回阀100保证蓄电池74被填满的液体都是来自泵82,而不是液体来自主缸18。这很重要，因为制动系统可以保持一个恒定的主缸制动压力，而改变压力室46和54的压力差，降低部分或全部制动器42压力取决于一个隔离活塞夹杂物和隔离活塞阀200和204，分别在图一中。止回阀100也保持液体流进蓄电池74如果阀78失败或泄漏。最后，止回阀100压力扰动抑制泵82。止回阀101提高了制动系统处理任何附带泄漏或70阀故障的鲁棒性。如果有电力损失或其他系统损害，脚踏14的正常感觉会被保存下来，因为液体不会被推到蓄能器74。隔离活塞200和隔离活塞阀204是重要的因为它允许一个对角线防抱死制动系统，液压制动分为两个电路与对角，再生制动，例如，左前和右后制动液压系统互联。如果压力下降或者电路，活塞200将降到底部，允许压力开发剩余的电路。IntheembodimentofFIG.2,pressureincreasevalve90isarrangedtoprovideanadditionalpathtoincreasepressuretoworkingchamber54.Thisisolatesmastercylinder18frompressuredisturbanceswhichcouldoriginatefrompump82在图2的实施例中，安排提供增加的压力工作室54个额外的路径是增加压力阀90。这种孤立主缸18的压力干扰可能源自泵82.IntheembodimentofFIG3,dampingchamber/highpressureaccumulator94isaddedtotheoutputsideofpump82.Chamber94helpstopreventpressuredisturbancesfromreachingmastercylinder18andbrakepedal14.Checkvalve100functionsinamannersimilartothatascribedfortheembodimentofFIG.1.Checkvalve104servestwofunctions.Thefirstistobypasspump82.Accordingly,checkvalve104ismountedinbypassconduit99extendingfromtheinletsideofpump82totheoutletsideofpump82.Duringrapidbrakeapplications,thelargeamountoffluidwhichmustleavechamber54couldoverwhelmpump82,causingunwantedpedalresistance,aswellasunwantedpressureincreasesinchamber54andsomeorallofbrakes42,dependingupontheinclusionofisolationpiston200.Checkvalve104alsoassuresthatfluidattheoutletofpump82willnotgobacktochamber54orbrakes42.Asaresult,valves66,70,78,and90maybemodulatedtotakefluidfromchamber54andbrakes42.Also,fluidtakenfromchamber54andbrakes42maybestoredinaccumulator94,maintainingpressureinchamber54andsomeorallofbrakes42,(dependinguponinclusionofisolationpiston200)aspedaltravel,pedalforce,andthepressureinchamber46allincrease.Finally,fluidtakenfromchamber54andstoredinaccumulator74,maintainspressureinchamber54andbrakes42,againwhilepedaltravel,pedalforce,andpressureinchamber46allincrease.在图3的实施例中，阻尼室/高压蓄能器94添加到泵82的输出侧。室94有助于防止压力扰动到达主缸18和制动踏板14。检查在类似的方式，赋予为图1的实施例100功能阀。止回阀104有两个功能。首先是循环泵82。因此，止回阀104安装在泵的旁路管道99从82到82的出口侧泵入口侧延伸。在快速制动的应用，液体必须离开室54大量可以压倒泵82,造成不必要的踏板阻力，以及在室54不必要的压力增大，部分或全部制动器42,这取决于隔离活塞200夹杂物。止回阀104也保证在泵82出口流体将不会回到42室54或刹车。作为一个结果，阀门66，70，78，和90可以被调制以流体室54和制动器42。同时，液体从室54和制动器42可以存储在蓄能器94，保持室54的压力和部分或全部制动器42，(取决于隔离活塞200)踏板行程、踏板力，和室46的压力增加。最后，液体从储存在蓄电池室54和74,保持压力室54和刹车踏板行程42,而一次又一次，踏板力，和压力室46增加。Checkvalve106,whichisshowninFIG.3,functionsonlytoallowflowoppositetothedirectionofcheckvalve110,withcheckvalve110havingkeyfunctionality.Flowthroughcheckvalve106isneededtodecreasethepressuredifferencebetweenchambers46and54,increasingpressureinsomeorallofbrakes42(onceagaindependingupontheinclusionofisolationpiston200),whilemaintainingaconstantpressureinmastercylinder18.Checkvalve110,ontheotherhand,functionstoprovideapressuredropwhenfluidisflowingthroughthevalve.Thispreventspump82fromdevelopinganunwantedvacuuminbrakes42.止回阀106如图3所示，其功能只允许流与单向阀110相反的方向，单向阀110具有关键功能。通过单向阀106需要降低46和54之间的压力差。在一些或所有刹车42增加压力(再一次取决于隔离活塞200)，同时在主缸18保持恒定的压力。单向阀110，另一方面，其功能是当液体流经该阀时使压力下降。这可以防止泵82在刹车42中形成不必要的真空。Thefunctionofcheckvalve112,showninFIG.2,issimilartocheckvalve104(FIGS.1and3).Checkvalve112bypassespump82,preventingunwantednoise,pressuredisturbances,andunwantedpedalresistance.Checkvalve112alsoassuresthatfluidattheoutletofpump82willnotgobacktochamber54orbrakes42.止回阀112的功能，如图2所示，是类似于止回阀104(图1和3)。止回阀112旁路泵82,防止不必要的噪音干扰，压力，和不必要的踏板阻力。止回阀112也保证在泵82出口的液体将不会回到室54或刹车42。专利引用引用的专利申请日期公开日申请人专利名US44250051982年3月26日1984年1月10日GeneralMotorsCorporationVehiclebrakingsystemandmethodofbrakingUS47308771986年7月10日1988年3月15日AlfredTevesGmbhBrakesystemwithhydraulicbrakeforceboostingandpedaltravelsimulatorUS54921921994年8月22日1996年2月20日GeneralMotorsCorporationElectricvehiclewithtractioncontrolUS55118591995年8月25日1996年4月30日GeneralMotorsCorporationRegenerativeandfrictionbrakeblendcontrolUS56159331995年5月31日1997年4月1日GeneralMotorsCorporationElect