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UnitOne

CanWeKnowtheUniverse?

1/33"ThehumanmindisnotcapableofgraspingtheUniverse.Wearelikealittlechildenteringahugelibrary.Thewallsarecoveredtotheceilingswithbooksinmanydifferenttongues.Thechildknowsthatsomeonemusthavewrittenthesebooks.Itdoesnotknowwhoorhow.Itdoesnotunderstandthelanguagesinwhichtheyarewritten.Butthechildnotesadefiniteplaninthearrangementofthebooks-amysteriousorderwhichitdoesnotcomprehend,butonlydimlysuspects.“AlbertEinstein2/33"Wegoaboutourdailylivesunderstandingalmostnothingoftheworld.Wegivelittlethoughttothemachinerythatgeneratesthesunlightthatmakeslifepossible,tothegravitythatgluesustoanEarththatwouldotherwisesendusspinningoffintospace,ortotheatomsofwhichwearemadeandonwhosestabilitywefundamentallydepend.…fewofusspendmuchtimewonderingwhynatureisthewayitis;

wherethecosmoscamefrom,orwhetheritwasalwayshere.”

CarlSagan3/33PreviewQuestionsCanyougivesomeexamplesofscientificdiscoveriestoprovethelimitationandunreliabilityofourcommonsenseandintuition?2.Arethereanyunexplainedmysteriesaboutthenatureandtheuniverse?Sharewhatyouknowwithyourclassmates.4/33TextAnalysis

largenumberofatomsinagrainofsaltNumberofneuronsinthehumanbrainTentativeconclusion:Furtherconclusionabouttheuniverse:5/33TextAnalysis

Anotherfactaboutthestructureofagrainofsalt:Conclusion:Theinformationaboutagrainofsaltisthereforenotbeyondthecapacityofthebrain.Furtherconclusionabouttheuniverse:6/33TextualstructureIntroduction(Para.1-2)Theauthordefinestheterm“science”toshowthatourcommonsenseisbynomeansaninfallibleguideandthatsciencerequirescouragetoquestiontheconventionalcommonsenses.Mainbody(Para.3-9)Takingagrainofsaltasanexample,theauthorshowsusthatitwouldbeimpossibleforahumanbraintohavefullknowledgeoftheuniverseiftherewerenoregularitiesinit.Thenhegoesontodeclarethatsearchingforregularitiesandnaturallawsistheonlywayforhumanbeingstoknowtheuniverse.Conclusion(Para.10-12)Theauthorconcludesthatwithlawsofnature,theuniverseisknowableandthattheprocessofsearchingforregularitiesischallengingbutinteresting.7/33TextAnalysis

Comprehension1.Accordingtothetext,whycan’tweknoweverythingabouttheuniverse?2.Whydoestheauthorthinktheuniverseweinhabitisanidealone?3.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthegoalofscience?8/33UsefulExpressionsandDifficultSentences

reflecton(upon):consider,thinkaboute.g.Youneedtoreflectonthelikelyconsequencesbeforeyouact.Taketimetoreflectontheimportantthingsinlife.

n.ReflectionAfteraminute'sreflectiononthequestion,heanswered.9/33bynomeans（L.8):notatalle.g.It’sbynomeansaneasytasktopersuadeher.Youanswerisbynomeanssatisfactory.byallmeans:certainly;must,withsb.tryinghisbeste.g.MayIleavenow?–Byallmeans.Byallmeanstrythemedicineifyouthinkitwilldoyouanygood.

10/33Perceive(L.12):becomeawareofsth.,understande.g.Ican’tperceiveanydifferencebetweenthetwopaintings.Everybodyperceivedachangeinhischaracterafterthisexperience.Perception:

actorpowerofperceivinge.g.Agooddrivermusthaveagoodperceptionofdistance.11/33distort(L.9):twist,giveafalseaccountof…e.g.Thereportofthiseventhasbeendeliberatelydistorted.Don’tbelievehisdistortedaccountofwhathashappened.12/33Ourperceptionsmaybedistortedbytrainingandprejudiceormerelybecauseofthelimitationsofoursenseorgans,which,ofcourse,perceivedirectlybutasmallfractionofthephenomenaoftheworld(L.9).因为教育和偏见，或者因为我们感觉器官局限，我们认知会出现偏差，我们感觉器官只能直接感知世界上一小部分现象。SentenceTranslation13/33intheabsenceof…(L.16):withoute.g.Wecanhardlydrawtheconclusionintheabsenceoffurtherevidence.Theinvestigationweredelayedintheabsenceofinformationaboutthecrime.

14/33towhat(some,acertain,alarge)extent(L.25):在何种（某种，一定，很大）程度上e.g.Thestudentswereaskedtowhatextenttheyaresatisfiedwiththeircurrentsituation.他在某种程度上对这起事故负有责任。Heistosomeextentresponsiblefortheaccident.15/33approach(L.32):a)

begintodealwithorworkonWhenshallweapproachthenewtask?Heknowshowtoapproachtheproblemcorrectly.b)tocomenearornearerAspeopleapproacholdagetheirenergymaydiminish.16/33c)n.awayormeansofreachingsomething;anaccess:

anapproachtothebridge.d)n.themethodusedindealingwithsth.alogicalapproachtotheproblem.Thereisnoeasyapproachtolanguagelearning.17/33makeout(L.35):managetosee(read);understande.g.Wemadeoutafigureinthedarkness.Canyoumakeoutwhattheobjectisontheothersideoftheriver?It’sdifficulttomakeoutwhathemeant.18/33Consideronemicrogramoftablesalt,aspeckjustbarelylargeenoughforsomeonewithkeeneyesighttomakeoutwithoutamicroscope.(L.34)构想一微克食盐，也就是一个视力很好人不借助显微镜刚好能看到那么大一粒盐。SentenceTranslation19/33correspondto(L.51):相符，相对应=correspondwithe.g.Hisexpensesdonotcorrespondtohisincome.Theitemsintheparceldonotcorrespondwiththoseonthelistthataccompaniedit.20/33correspondto:beequal,similare.g.Thepenofthewritercorrespondstotheswordofasoldier.correspondwith:exchangeletterse.g.I’mincorrespondencewithmyoldfriendsinhighschool.

21/33tobeimmuneto…(L.59):nottobeaffectedby…免受……e.g.Notmanypeopleareimmunetomaterialtemptations.Onceyouhavehadthediseaseyouareimmunetoitfortherestofyourlife.22/33Sointhissensetheuniverseisintractable,astonishinglyimmunetoanyhumanattemptat

fullknowledge.Wecannotonthislevelunderstandagrainofsalt,muchlesstheuniverse.inthissense:withthistakenintoconsideration…从这种意义上来讲attemptat:efforttoget(do)sth.SentenceTranslation23/33fullknowledge:fullunderstandingmuchlesstheuniverse:muchlesscanweunderstandtheuniverse所以，在这个意义上，宇宙是难以认识，人类想要取得完全认知是不可能，这个结论出乎我们意料。在这个层面上，我们连一粒盐都认识不了，更不用说认识宇宙了。

24/33inperil(L.89):indangere.g.Youareingreatperil(ofyourlife)byclimbingthemountaininsuchaterribleweather.

25/33Thosecreatureswhofindeverydayexperienceamuddledjumbleofeventswithnopredictability,noregularity,areingraveperil.(L.87)Thelivingbeingswouldbeingreatdanger,iftheycouldn’tmakeanypredictionsoftheirlifeaccordingtotheregularitiesandnaturallawsoftheuniverse.Paraphrasethefollowingsentence26/33Itisanastonishingfactthattherearelawsofnature,rulesthatsummarizeconveniently–notjustqualitativelybutquantitatively–howtheworldworks(L.92).令人称奇是有很多自然规律可循，这些规则不但从质上而且从量上都方便地总结出了这个世界运转规律。

SentenceTranslation27/33Itseemsunlikelythat…(L.101):Chancesof…aresmalle.g.Itseemsunlikelythatsheknowsthetruth.Itseemsunlikelythattheywillwinth