2023年四川大学考博真题

四川大学2023年博士硕士入学考试英语试题I.ReadingComprehension(30%;onemarkeach)Directions:Readthefollowingsixpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebyChoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneSpeechissofamiliarafeatureofdailylifethatwerarelypausetodefineit.Itseemsasnaturaltomanaswalking,andonlylesssothanbreathing.Yetitneedsbutamoment'sreflectiontoconvinceusthatthisnaturalnessofspeechisbutanillusoryfeeling.Theprocessofacquiringspeechis,insoberfact,anutterlydifferentsortofthingfromtheprocessoflearningtowalk.Inthecaseofthelatterfunction,culture,inotherwords,thetraditionalbodyofsocialusage,isnotseriouslybroughtintoplay.Thechildisindividuallyequipped,bythecomplexsetoffactorsthatwetermbiologicalheredity,tomakealltheneededmuscularandnervousadjustmentsthatresultinwalking.Indeed,theveryconformationofthesemusclesandoftheappropriatepartsofthenervoussystemmaybesaidtobeprimarilyadaptedtothemovementsmadeinwalkingandinsimilaractivities.Inaveryrealsense,thenormalhumanbeingispredestinedtowalk,notbecausehiselderswillassisthimtolearntheart,butbecausehisorganismispreparedfrombirthtotakeonallthosemuscularadaptationsthatresultinwalking.Toputitconcisely,walkingisaninherent,biologicalfunctionofman.Notsolanguage.Itisofcoursetruethatinacertainsensetheindividualispredestinedtotalk,butthatisdueentirelytothecircumstancethatheisborninthelapofasocietythatiscertaintoleadhimtoitstraditions.Eliminatesocietyandthereiseveryreasontobelievethathewilllearntowalk,if,indeed,hesurvivesatall.Butitisjustascertainthathewillneverlearntotalk,thatis,tocommunicateideasaccordingtothetraditionalsystemofaparticularsociety.Or,again,removethenew-bornindividualfromthesocialenvironmentintowhichhehascomeandtransplanthimtoanutterlyforeignone.Hewilldeveloptheartofwalkinginhisnewenvironmentverymuchashewouldhavedevelopeditintheold.Buthisspeechwillbecompletelyatvariancewiththespeechofhisnativeenvironment.Walkingthenisageneralhumanactivitythatvariesonlywithinarestrictedlimitaswepassfromindividualtoindividual.Itsvariabilityispurposeless.Speechisahumanactivitythatvarieswithoutassignablelimitaswepassfromsocialgrouptosocialgroup,theproductoflong-continuedsocialusage.Itvariesasallcreativeeffortvaries...notasconsciously,perhaps,butnonethelessastrulyasdothereligions,thebeliefs,thecustoms,andtheartsofdifferentpeoples.Walkingisanorganic,aninstinctive,function;speechisanon-instinctive,acquired,“cultural”function.1.ThefirstsentenceofParagraphTwo,"Notsolanguage",istheclosestinmeaningto（）[A] Thisisnotthecasewithlanguage[B] Soislanguageandnetanythingelse[C] Nosuchathingexistsinlanguage[D] Notsomuchwithlanguage2. Therealdifferencebetweentheabilitytowalkandtheabilitytotalkisthat（）.[A] theformerislikebreathingwhilethelatterisnot[B] theformerdoesnotrequiresocialinteractionwhilethelatterdoes[C] theformerrequiresmuscularmovementwhilethelatterdoesnot[D] theformerispredestinedwhilethelatterisnot3. WhichofthefollowingisNOTanideaoftheauthor?（）[A] Languageisbiologicallyprogrammedbuthastobeacquiredlateron.[B] Onlywhenachildgrowsupinacommunitycanhelearntotalk.[C] Languageinteractionisawaytoimpartculture.[D] Formaleducationisnecessaryforthelearningoflanguage.4. Whentheauthorsaysthevariabilityofwalking"ispurposeless",hemeansthat（）.[A] anypersonwhowalkswouldnothaveapurpose[BIinallculturespeoplewalkaimlessly[C] culturedoesaffectthewayspeoplewalk[D] purposeinwalkingvarieswithone'sability5. Theauthorwrotethispassageinorderto（）.[A] argueforapoint [B]provideinformation[C]narratealegend [D]debatewithhisrivalsPassageTwoTheobserverdoesnothavetolookfartodiscoverthatWesternsocietyisyouthorientedandyouthworshiping.Thephenomenonshowsitselfinmanyways.First,adultsdoalltheycantobeyouthfulandtoremainyoungbecauseoldageisfearedandyouthfulnessadmired.Beautyandcosmeticindustrieshavemadebillionsofdollarsbyencouragingthisemulationofagelessness.Second,muchofwhatparentsdoisfortheiryoung.Thousandsofparentsmakedailysacrificesfortheirchildren.Thenumerousbenefitsheapeduponchildrenareevident.Manymotherssay:"Iwouldgivemylifeformychildren."Thisfeelingdoesnotapplytoallparents,butitappliestoenoughofthemtobeproofpositivethattoday'sadultscareabouttheiryoungpeople.Third,mostadultssaythatthemajorityofyouthtodayare"prettygoodkids."Thispointofviewcanbefairlywellsubstantiated.Moststudiesthatfocusonnormaladolescentsagreethatthemajorityarenotproblems,notinturmoil,notdeeplydisturbed,notatthemercyoftheirimpulses,notresistanttoparentalvalues,notpoliticallyactive,andnotrebellious.InarecentGalluppoll,97percentofteenssaidtheygotalongwiththeirparentseitherverywellorfairlywell.Only3percentsaidtheydidnotgetalongatallwell.Sometimes,parentscarryapositiveviewoftheirteenagerstoanover-idealizedextreme.Theyrefusetobelievetheirchildrenareeveratfaultorevercapableofdoingwrong,andtheytendtoattackanyfriend,teacher,ortownofficialwhotriestotellthemotherwise.Despitethisover-idealizationmostyouthsarenotproblems---tothemselvesortotheircommunities.Misconceptionsareforagedbyfocusingonlyonthedrug-addicted,delinquent,anddisturbedoronthesocialrebelswhoareinfactaminority.Finally,althoughmostyouthstodayarenotactivistrebelslikethoseofthelate1960sandearly1970s;youthfulidealismisstillmuchinevidence.Adolescentsaremuchconcernedaboutsocialissuessuchasjuvenilecrime,drugabuse,theenergycrises,unemployment,women'sliberation,materialismandindifferenceinsociety,pollution,andtheenvironment.Theyalsoshowgenuineconcernfortheunderdog,indicatedbytheirfrequentpoliticalalliancewithblacksorthepoor.Theywillgivegenerouslyandworkhardtohelpthestarvingoverseasorwillcometothedefenseofconvictedcriminalsiftheyfeeltheircauseisjust.Clergyandothercaringadultsapplaudyouthswhojointhe"love"generationtofindmoremeaningfulrelationshipsthanthosebetweentheirparentsathomeorbetweenbusinesselementsinahighlycompetitivesociety.Theseadults-emphasizethatparentsoughtnottobecriticaloftheiryoungforhatingcorruption,injustice,orsuperficialvalues.Althoughtheyarealittleawedbyyouthswhowillworkformonthstokeepawildernessareafrombeingminedbydevelopers,value-orientedadultstellparentstoadmiretheirYoungandadmitthattheiractivitiesaremoreworthwhilethanswallowinggoldfishorseeinghowmanykidscancrowdthemselvesintoatelephonebooth.6. By"youthworshiping",theauthorexpressedtheideathatinWesternsocietytheadults[A] worshiptheyoungpeople [B]areallreligiousbelievers[C]desiretostayyoung [D]worshipGodliketheyouth7. Accordingtothepassage,teenagersinWesternsocietyare.[A] unmotivatedstudentsinschools[B] sympatheticwiththeunfortunate[C] highlycompetitiveonthejobmarket[D] equippedwithallkindsofvalues8. AllofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageEXCEPTthat.[A] youngpeoplearemoreactivethanadultsinprotectingtheirenvironment[B] amajorityoffamiliesliveinpeaceandharmony[C] adultsusedtobelievethatadolescentsarerebellious[D] itisnotrightforadultstocriticizetheyouths9. Whichofthefollowingisthebestparaphraseoftheideaofthelastsentenceofthepassage?[A] Youthsmaygotoofarintheirsocialactivities,butthat's'betterthantheirdoingmischievousthingsorwastingtheirtime.[B] Youthsmayopposedevelopment,andthat'sworthwhilebecausegoldfishandtelephonebootharefarlessimportant.[C] Youthsareenvironmentprotectionists,buttheymayalsocausedamagetowildlifeortopublicproperties.[D] Youthsstaytoolonginwilderness,sincetheylovethingsinnatureinsteadofgoldfishortelephoneboothsinmodemcities.10. Mostlikely,theauthorofthispassageis.[A] asociologist [B]alovingparent[C]apoliticalofficial [D]aclergymanPassageThreeCrocodilesareincrediblystrong,agileandaggressive.Theyaremercilesskillersandit'stheirnaturetobebrutal.Theyareestimatedtokillupto200peopleperyearinAfricaandtheycaneatuptohalftheirbodyweightinonemeal.ThisiswhyinBurkinaFaso,thelakesideBazoulevillageisfamousforitsuniquetradition.Formanygenerationsthevillagershavelivedharmoniouslywithabout200wildcrocodiles.Crocodileshaveremainedthesameforover200millionyears.Theyarefearedandavoidedbyhumansandanimalsalike.ButthepeopleofBazoulereverethesacredcrocodilesinthelake.ThisuniquetraditionstartedmanygenerationsagoatatimewhenthepeopleofBazoulewerefacingagreatdroughtandtherewasnowater.Womenusedtowalk40kilometerssearchingforwater.Thecrocodileslivedapartandhencetherewasnoco-habitationbetweenthecrocodilesandthepeopleofBazoule.Legendsaysthatonedaythewomenwerepassingclosetothecrocodilesandonewomanattemptedtocollectwaterinthelakeandthecrocodileletherfetchwaterwithoutattackingher.FromthenonwardsallthewomeninBazoulevillagecouldfetchwaterfromthelake.Thevillagersnamedtheferociousanimalsthesacredcrocodilesfortheyhadsavedthemandtheycouldnotonlyfetchdrinkingwaterbutalsowatertheirplantsandtheysurvivedthefamine."ThecrocodilesofBazoulearesacredbecausetheyarethetotemsofthevillage.They'retheancestorsofthevillagebecausetheysavedthevillagersandthatiswhythey'arecalledsacred,"saysProsperKabore,HeadCrocodileguide.Prosperwasbornintothistradition.Hisjobistosafeguardtheuniquerelationshipbetweenthepeopleandthesacredcrocodiles.EverychildinBazouleistaughttobekindandrespectful.Theyareconstantlyremindedthatthelifetheyenjoytodayisasaresult'ofthekindnessandcompassionshowntotheirancestors.Kindnessandhelpprovidedtothembythemostunlikelyanimals,thecrocodile.Atonepointintimethecrocodilescriedforonemonth.Everybodywonderedwhatwaswrong.WhenProspertoldthelocalchiefwhoisentirelyinchargeoftheconservationofthesacredcrocodiles,heprohibitedchildrenfrompickinggrassatthelake.Thenonenightachildwentintothewateranddidnotreturn.Thecrocodilescriedalot.Thedaythatfollowedpeoplesawsomebodydrownedinthewater."Wetriedtoretrievethebodybutwecouldn't.Thenwesawthecrocodilebringingthebody.Hepusheditoutofthewaterandwetookthebodyandburied,"recallsKabore.Hencethisuniqueco-existenceiswhatdrawspeoplefromalloverandtheyareshockedtoseethisphenomenonthathasbeeninthisvillageformanygenerations.Theygetachancetorideonthebacksofthesacredcrocodiles,feedthemwithchickens.ThechickensfedtothecrocodilescomefromBazoulevillage,anychickenoutsidethevillageisnotfedtothecrocodiles;Thisismeanttoappeasetheancestors.ThesacredcrocodilesandBazoulepeoplehaveagreatinterdependency.Thecrocodilesallowthevillagerstousethewaterandthevillagersallowthecrocodilestofeedontheirplantsandthecycleoflifegoesonharmoniously.ThemoneyattainedfromtouristsgoesdirectlytohelptheneedychildreninBazoule.Hencenotonlydoesthecommunityhelpinconservingthecrocodilesandtheoldtraditionbutitalso,upliftsthelivesofitscommunitymembers.11. AllofthefollowingaboutcrocodilesaretrueEXCEPTthatthey.[A] moveswiftlyandflexibly [B]needalotoffoodtoeat[C]haveamildtemperament [D]liveinwaters12. Accordingtothepassage,theBazoulevillagersrespectthecrocodilesassacredbeingsbecausethecrocodilesthere.[A] livefarawayfromthevillage[B] arerespectedastheemblemofthevillagers[C] eatchickensandplantsonly[D] wouldfeelsadwhenahumanbeingdies13. Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?[A] TheBazoulevillagersareactiveanimalprotectionists.[B] Evencrocodilescanbetamedjustlikedogsaredomesticated.[C] Ecologicalharmonymayleadtotheprosperityoftourism.[D] Humanbeingshavetreatedferociousanimalsinawrongway.14. Whichofthefollowingisoppositeinmeaningto"uplift"inthelastsentenceofthepassage?[A] degrade[B]downplay[C]downpour[D]delimit15. Whichofthefollowingmaybethemostappropriatetitleforthispassage?[A] AnimalProtectionandDevelopmentofTourism[B] AnUnbelievableTraditioninanAfricanTribe[C] CrocodilesandVillagersinMutualUnderstanding[D] CrocodileConservation:aHumanEndeavorPassageFourExcessivesunexposureisbadforourhealth.Butsundeprivationisalsoharmful-contributingtoailmentsfromdepressiontodisturbedsleep,obesityandevencancer.Peopleinhabitingthefarnorthernhemisphereareparticularlyvulnerable,forcedtoendurelong,darkwinternightsandsometimesonlyseeingthesunforthreequartersofanhourperdayinDecember.Butreliefcouldbeonitsway,withSwedishresearchersexploringarangeofprojectsthatcouldbringlighttothewiderpopulation.Theyareworkingonadevicethatcouldtransformpeople'shomesandlivesbyregulatingtheamountoflighttowhichtheyareexposed.AtLundUniversity,insouthernSweden,ProfThorbjornLaikeshowsoffwhathecallsan"artificialsun",acollectionofbrightbluishlightsthatwouldn'tlookoutofplaceinagiant'sdentistsurgery.The"sun"hasprideofplaceinthearchitecturedepartment,reflectingProfLaike'spassionforlightandthebenefitsitcanbring.HeisSpearheadingthe"HealthyHomes"project,whichaimstoensurethatpeoplelivinginthedarkupperreachesofthenorthernhemispherereceivetherightamountofthe"rightsort"oflightattherighttime.TheyaredevelopingadevicecalledaDaysimeter,whichmonitorsaperson'sexposuretolightradiationduringtheday.Whentheuserreturnshome,theDaysimeterautomaticallysendsthisinformationtoacentralcontrolhub,whichworksoutwhetherthepersonhasreceivedsufficientsunlight.Ifthatturnsouttobeeithertoomuchornotenough,asmartsystemwilladjustthelightinginthehometocompensate:Byrebalancingaindividual'slightexposure,theideaistohelppeoplemaintainamorenormalandhealthycircadianrhythm.Humansareprogrammedtowakeandsleeponaroughly24-hourcycle,andthetimingisregulatedbyexposuretolight.AccordingtoastatementfromtheHealthyHomesproject:"Disruptionofaregular,dailypatternoflightanddarkcanleadtopoorsleep,fatigueanddecreasedperformance，aswellaspoorhealthrangingfromobesity,diabetes,cardiovasculardiseaseandevencancer."Inplaceswheresunlightisinshortsupply,brightelectriclightingdeliveredattherighttimeofdaycanactasasubstitute."Weanticipatethatthiswillmakeiteasierforpeople,especially.16. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?[A] Toolittlesunningisjustasharmfulastoomuchsunning.[B] Artificialsunlightcanbeusedtotreatillnessessuchascancer.[C] Peoplelivingontheequatordonotdevelopobesity.[D] Northernerssleepmorepoorlythansouthernersdo.17. Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?[A] Ultimately,artificialsunwillsubstitutethenaturalsunlighttokeeppeoplehealthy.[B] Evensportsandotheractivitiescannotcompensateforthelackofsunlight.[C] Inthesunlight,onlyitsbluishrayisimportantforhumanhealth.[D] Peopleontheequatordonothavetoworryaboutbiologicalcycle.18. Humanbeingsneedsunlightexposureespeciallyinthemorningbecause[A] theirbodyclockwouldstopregulatingworkatnight[B] thesunlightregulatescertainhormonetokeeppeopleenergetic[C] themorningsungivesoffthefullspectrumofrays[D] the19dlcenturyarchitectshadalreadyfounditnecessarytomaximizethesunpenetration19. Mostlikely,theauthorofthispassageis[A] amedicaldoctor [B]astudentwholovessports[C]anewsreporter [D]atownofficialinSweden20. In"theHealthyHomesresearchersplantokitoutthefirstexperimentalhomewithintwoyears",thephrase"kitout"means"to[A] ruleout [B]installinthekitchen[C]equipanduse [D]sendkidsoutdoorsPassageFiveMigratorybirdsmaybespreadingvirusesthatcausebirdfluaroundtheworld,sayscientists.Outbreaksinpoultrymaybecomemorecommoninthefuture,especiallyinill-preparedcountries,theywarn.AseverestrainfoundataduckfarmintheUKlastyearmayhavebeencarriedbywildbirdsoutofRussia,accordingtoDutchresearchers.Thevirusisalowhumanhealthrisk,butwildbirdsonlongmigratoryroutesshouldbemonitored,theysay.H5N8isastrainofbirdfluthatappearedlatelastyearinRussia,EastAsia,NorthAmericaandfourEuropean.countries,includingtheUK.Theinfectionsledtomillionsofpoultrybeingculled.IntheUK,duckswereaffectedatafarminDriffield,Yorkshire.AnotheroutbreakofbirdfluinHampshirethisweekisoftheH7N7formofthevirus,whichislesssevere.ScientistsattheErasmusMedicalCenterinRotterdam,Netherlands,saythepresenceoftheH5virusinamigratorybirdinRussiaandotherdetectionsinwildbirdsandpoultryis"worrisome"."Morepoultryoutbreakscouldoccurinthefuture,especiallyincountriesthatareill-prepared,"ateamledbyDrRonFouchierwroteinthejournal,Science."Despitethecurrentlylowpublichealthrisk,theoutbreaksshouldbemonitoredclosely,giventhatseveralanimalspeciesaresusceptibleandthatinfluenzavirusesaregenerallyunpredictable."WildbirdswithlongmigratoryroutesshouldbemonitoredforexposuretoH5N8andcontrolmeasuresinpoultryshouldbeupdated,astheyappeartobe"insufficient",theyadded.Scientistsarealsoinvestigatingotherwaysthatbirdfluvirusescanspreadaroundtheworld,includingthroughillegalpoultrytradeandcontaminationofvehiclesorequipment.ArecentreportfromtheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthoritysaidtherouteofspreadofthediseaseremaineduncertain.ItsaidallaffectedfarmsinEuropehadkeptbirdsinside,suggestingdirecttransmissionfromwildbirdstofarmedpoultrywasunlikely.ExpertssaidtherewerenoknowndirectmigrationroutesfromEastAsiatoEurope,butinfectedmigratorybirdsfromEastAsiacouldintheorypassthevirusontootherspeciesatbreedingandstopoverplacesinEurasia.DrDerekGathererofLancasterUniversitysaidmoreresearchintofluinwildbirdpopulationsintheUKwasneeded,especiallyinspeciesmigratinginfromEurope."TheBritishresponsetobirdfluisorientedtowardsagriculture-that'sfinebecauseofcourseweneedtoprotectourpoultryindustry-butinordertoreallyunderstandbirdfluweshouldalsostudyitinitsnaturalsetting,"hetoldBBCNews."Thenwe'llhaveabetter'earlywarningsystem'forwhatmightbeathreattoagricultureinthefuture."UKofficialssaidtestshadconfirmedtheHampshireoutbreakwasofalowseverityH7strainofthedisease,whichisamuchlesssevereformthantheHSN8strainfoundinYorkshireinNovember.ChiefvetNigelGibbenssaid:"Wehavetakenimmediateactiontocontainthisoutbreakaspartofourrobustproceduresfordealingswiftlywithavianflu."Thisisalowseverityformofthevirusandwearetakingactiontoensurethatthediseasedoesnotspreadordevelopintoamoresevereform.Weareinvestigatingthepossiblesourcesoftheoutbreak.Iwouldurgepoultrykeepersinthesurroundingareatobevigilantforanysignsofdiseaseandtoensuretheyaremaintaininggoodbio-securityontheirpremises."TheDepartmentforEnvironment,Food&RuralAffairssaidwardenpatrolsfordiseasedwildbirdsoccurredineightWildfowlandWetlandsTrustreservesinGreatBritain,andanumberofotherreserveswerepatrolledbyvolunteersfromOctobertoMarch.AnyonefindingfiveormorewildbirdsdeadinthesamelocationisadvisedtoreportthemtotheDeltahelpline.21. In"Theinfectionsledtomillionsofpoultrybeingculled",theword"culled"means[A]canceled [B]raisedincult[C]sold [D]killed22. Theoutbreakofbirdflushouldbemonitored,because.[A] poultryindustrythreatensbio-securityinmanycountries[B] theH5virusfromRussiaismoredangerousthanotherspecies[C] wildbirdsspreadvirusallalongtheirmigratoryroutes[D] itisnotsurehowmanyanimalscanbeaffectedbybirdflu23. Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?[A] Thesouthernhemisphereoftheearthisfreefrombirdflu.[B] Evenifbirdsarekeptindoors,theymaynotbesafefrombirdflu.[C] Ifacountryiswell-prepared,itneversuffersfromfluoutbreaks.[D] Atpresentscientistshavefoundcontrolmeasurestopreventbirdflu.24. Whichofthefollowingstatementsisknowntobetrueofbirdvirus?[A] Itmaysurviveevenifitisnotinthebirdbody.[B] Ittransmitsdirectlythroughtheairandbloodtransfusion.[C] ItisunlikelytocauseillnessearlyinSpring.[D] Itleadstoillegalpoultrytrades.25. Thispassageismostlikelytobe.[A] awarningfortouristsissuedbythegovernment[B] amedicaladvicefromuniversityresearchcenter[C] a.newspaperreportforpublicinformation[D] anacademicessaypublishedinprofessionalmagazinePassageSix"Education"meansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Tosomeelementaryandsecondaryschoolchildren,itcan.beanexcitingintellectualexperience;tothosepoorlymotivatedorpresentedwithadullandunimaginativecurriculum,itcanbeadeadeningordeal;tocollegestudents,educationmaybeameanstoacquiringthequalificationsforajob,awayofescapinglowlysocialclassorigin,or.atimeforexperimentingwithavarietyofsocialandpersonalidentities;toparents,,educationfortheirchildrenmayrepresenttherealizationoftheirownunfulfilledaspirations;tothosewhooperatetheschools....teachers,principals,andadministrators---educationmeansajob,aplacewherecareeraspirationsmayberealizedorfrustrated,whereviablerelationshipswithcolleaguesandsupervisorsmustbeworkedout.Thislistofthemeaningsofeducationcouldbeexpandedindefinitely.However,itshouldbesufficienttoillustratethemultiplemeaningsofeducationtopeopleinvariousrolesandsubgroupsinthesociety.Whatdoeseducationmeantothesociologist?Howdoeshebegintostructureandmakesenseoutofthismultifacetedphenomenoncallededucation?Basically,sociologistsregardeducationasadistinctivelysocialphenomenonor"institution"which,likeothersocialphenomena,isamenabletoobjectivescientificanalysis.Asociologicalperspectiveoneducationrequiresthatone"stepback"fromthatwhichheisexamining,setasidehispersonalandculturalbiases,andtakealong,hardlookatthephenomenonofeducation.Thisisnotaneasytask.Attimesitismademoredifficultbythefactthatteachers,administrators,andconcernedsegmentsofthepublicmayexpectimmediateanswerstothequestionsofpolicyandtechniquetoemergefromthesociologist'sresearchoneducation.Sociologists,ontheotherhand,areprimarilyconcernedwithbuildingabodyofverifiedknowledgeabouteducationandonlysecondarilywiththeproblemofapplyingtheirfindingsandconclusionstotheconcernsoftheeducationalpractitioners.Thoughmostresearchoneducationbysociologistshassomepolicyimplications,sociologistsvaryintitleextenttowhich.theyspellouttheseimplications,intheirwork.Ultimately,theextenttowhichthisisdoneisamatterofstyleandmostsociologistshaveadoptedastyleinwhichpolicyimplicationsareleftimplicitratherthanoneinwhichexplicitprogrammaticstatementsandpolicyrecommendationsaremade.Thereadersarethenlefttoextract(iftheycareto)theimplicationsoftheresearchandideaspresentedforquestionsofpolicyandaction.26. Accordingtotheauthor,educationenablesstudentstohaveallthefollowingEXCEPT[A] anexplanationofschooleducation[B] anenrichedlifeoflearning[C] achancetomoveupthesocialladder[D] enlargingone'scircleoffriends27. Thephrase"thismultifacetedphenomenon"mostlikelymeans"aphenomenonthat[A]isfacilitatedinmultipleways [B]hasmanyaspectsofsignificance[C]doesmultiplications [D]undergoesmanychanges28. Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat•[A] Everystudentcanrealizetheirdreamsinonewayoranotherthrougheducation.[B] Forteachersjobopportunitiesarerareoutsidetheareaofeducation.[C] Parentshopetohavetheirowndreamscometrueintheirchildren.[D] Studentswithlowmotivationusuallydonothavedreams.29. Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanbederivedfromthispassage?[A] Educationalsociologistsmuststepbackfromthereal-tireproblemsofeducation.[B] Educationaltechnologyisatopicforresearchineducationalsociology.[C] Researchersofeducationalsociologyareallimpartialintheirobservations.[D] Educationaltheoriesandpracticesaretwodifferententerprises.30. Whatquestionmighttheauthormostlikelycontinuetodiscussafterthispassage?[A] Whyiseducationmultifaceted?[B] Whatdoessociologymeantostudents,teachers,parentsandothersconcerned?[C] Whatistheroleofeducationaltechnologyinteachingpractices?[D] Whyiseducationalresearchnecessaryandwhatareitstopics?II.Vocabulary(10%;0.5markeach)31. Thetwomenarewell witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedinthesameuniversity.[A]recognized [B]acquainted [C]acknowledged[D]identified32. WhenhysteriaaboutAIDSfirstinfectedthemediainearly1980s,thoseidentifiedas wereallatthemarginsofsociety.[A]