【高血压英文课件】-The-Dead-Body-and-Remains

TheDeadBodyandRemainsCoachWhitaker“Adeadmantellsnotalesbuthisbodydoes”TheDeadBodyandRemainsCoac1VocabularyRigorMortis—astiffnessinthemusclesthatoccursshortlyafterdeathOssificationsites—placewheregrowthtakesplaceonthebonesTrauma—anythingthathurtsorleavesamarkonthebodyIncisedorcutwounds—causedwhenasharpobjectisdrawnacrosstheskinVocabularyRigorMortis—astiff2VocabularyBluntForceTrauma—occurswheneveryoumakecontactwithahard,dullobjectScrapingorscuffing—AbrasionsareinjuriesthatresultintheremovalofthesuperficiallayersoftheskinSlidingabrasions—occurswhenanobjectscrapesorbrushesawaytheskin—RoadrashisacommonexampleandnoosescauseabrasionsStampabrasions—occurwhenabluntobjectstrikestheskin,crushingitandleavingarawareaPatternedabrasions—areatypeofstampabrasionthatleavesthepatternbehindwhenthereisabarrierVocabularyBluntForceTrauma—o3【高血压英文课件】-The-Dead-Body-and-Remains4【高血压英文课件】-The-Dead-Body-and-Remains5VocabularyMedicalExaminer—isamedicaldoctortrainedtoperformautopsiesVocabularyMedicalExaminer—is6AGGuideAGGuide7CausesofDeathintheUSin20081.Diseasesoftheheart 28.52.Malignanttumors 22.83.Cerebrovasculardiseases 6.74.Chroniclowerrespiratorydiseases 5.15.Accidents(unintentionalinjuries) 4.46.Diabetesmellitus 3.07.Influenzaandpneumonia 2.78.Alzheimer'sdisease 2.49.Nephritis,nephroticsyndrome,andnephrosis 1.710.Septicemia(bloodpoisoning) 1.411.Suicide 1.312.Chronicliverdiseaseandcirrhosis 1.113.Primaryhypertensionandhypertensiverenaldisease0.814.Parkinson'sdisease(tied) 0.7.15.Homicide(tied) 0.7CausesofDeathintheUSin28WhatisDeath?Peoplelivingpriortothe19thcenturyhadgoodreasontoworryaboutbeingburiedaliveStethoscopeshadn’tbeeninventedanddeterminationsofdeathwereaguessinggameDeterminationofdeathneverhasbeenstraightforwardWhatisDeath?Peoplelivingpr9WhatisDeath?AdeathpronouncementrequiresnoheartbeatorrhythmandnobrainactivitywhichismeasuredbyanEEGAdeathpronouncementisstillcontroversialtodayandtherearedifferentdefinitionsforbraindeathWhatisDeath?Adeathpronounc10MethodsofDeathsTraumaisanythingthathurtsorleavesamarkCrimesthatresultintraumaleaveawealthofinformationforinvestigatorsMethodsofDeathsTraumaisany11GunshotsThesuddenexplosiveforceandwhatitdoestoabodyisshockingGunshotareacommoncauseofdeathinaccidental,suicidal,andhomicidalshootingsInorderforagunshottobeimmediatelyfatal,extensivetraumatothebrain,heart,orupperspinalcordmustoccurOtherwisedeathissloweranddependsonbleedingtodeathGunshotsThesuddenexplosivef12Slicing,Dicing,andStabbingTherearethreegeneraltypesofstabbing:StabwoundsmostoftenhomicidalMoredeepthanwideWoundsaremorelikelytobedistortedbytwistingandturningDeterminingtheexactweaponistrickyIfapieceortipoftheweaponbreaksoffIfthevictim’sbloodcanbeDNAmatchedSlicing,Dicing,andStabbingT13Slicing,Dicing,andStabbingIncisedorcutwounds—causedwhenasharpobjectisdrawnacrosstheskinSuicidalwoundsaretypicallyfoundonwristwithhesitationmarksHomicidalwoundsarefoundontheneckDefensivewoundsmaybeincisedinnatureAccidentalcutsusuallyinvolvethehandsSlicing,Dicing,andStabbingI14Slicing,Dicing,andStabbingChopwounds—thesewoundsaredeepandwedgeshapedMajortraumaisassociatedwiththistypeofwoundAccidentalorhomicidalSlicing,Dicing,andStabbingC15ActivityForeachcategory,youwillfindatotalofsixunusualdeathsthathaveoccurredinthepastTwogunshots,twostabwoundsorcutwounds,andtwocrushwoundsYouwillcreateabookofmethodsofdeaththathaseachcategory/wiki/List_of_unusual_deathsActivityForeachcategory,you16BluntForceTraumaBluntForceTraumaoccurswheneveryoumakecontactwithahard,dullobjectinawayithurtsyouItcancomefromanassault,afall,ancarwreck,oranumberofthingsthatcanscrapeorbruiseyourskin,breakyourbones,orevendamageyourinternalorgansBluntForceTraumaBluntForce17BluntForceTraumaScrapingorscuffing—AbrasionsareinjuriesthatresultintheremovalofthesuperficiallayersoftheskinSlidingabrasions—occurswhenanobjectscrapesorbrushesawaytheskin—RoadrashisacommonexampleandnoosescauseabrasionsStampabrasions—occurwhenabluntobjectstrikestheskin,crushingitandleavingarawareaPatternedabrasions—areatypeofstampabrasionthatleavesthepatternbehindwhenthereisabarrierBluntForceTraumaScrapingor18BluntForceTraumaBruisingandBattering—resultfromdamagetosmallbloodvesselsintissuesatthesiteofBFTThetissueleakbloodwhichimpartsablue-blackcolortotissuesNoteverytraumaleavesabruiseInternalorganscanbecontusedBluntForceTraumaBruisingand19BluntForceTraumaBreakingbones—fracturesarebreaksinbonesthatresultfromtraumaSimplefractureisasinglebreakComminutedfractureiswherethebonebreaksintwoormoreplacesCompoundfractureiswherethebonebreakstheskinBluntForceTraumaBreakingbon20BluntForceTraumaDirecttraumacausesasingleortransversefractureorafracturethatoccursacrossthelongaxisoftheboneCrushfractureisonethatiscomposedofseveralfracturelinesAcrushfractureoftenproducesacompressionwedgethatshowsthedirectionoftheblowBluntForceTraumaDirecttraum21BluntForceTraumaMostBLTtotheheadresultsininjury,howeveraBLTtotheheadisthemostdangerouslocationThebrainiseasilyinjuredandcausepermanentdamageBLTtotheheadmayresultinanythingfromaheadcontusiontodeathFordeathtooccur,BLTwouldmostlikelyhavetocauseintracranialbleedingBluntForceTraumaMostBLTto22ElectrocutionElectricityflowsalongtheshortestpathfromthepointofentrytothepointwhereitisgroundedDeathdependsonitsamperageanddurationofthecontactThegreaterdangeristheireffectontheheartElectrocutionElectricityflows23AsphyxiaAsphyxiaiswhenthebodycannotgetenoughoxygen—fourwaysare:Suffocation—theairmayhavelittleornoO2Strangulation—ablockageorobstructionpreventsairfromenteringtheairwaysDrowning—thelungsfillwithwaterInhalationoftoxicchemicalsAsphyxiaAsphyxiaiswhentheb24ActivityYouwillcompletethemethodofdeathbookwiththreenewcategories—bluntforcetrauma,electrocution,andasphyxiation4BFT,2electrocution,andtwoasphyxiationEachpagewillhaveapicturesandatextboxthatincludes:StorysummaryandyearForeachcategory,youwillfindatotalofsixunusualdeathsthathaveoccurredinthepastTwogunshots,twostabwoundsorcutwounds,andtwocrushwoundsYouwillcreateabookofmethodsofdeaththathaseachcategory/wiki/List_of_unusual_deathsActivityYouwillcompletethe25ProcessofDecompositionAfterdeathbodiesstarttodecomposeinregularpatternAtimeofdeathcanbemoreaccuratelydeterminedifthebodyisfoundin24hoursusingindicatorsofAlgorMortis,LivorMortis,andRigorMortisIfthattimehaspassedtheFIhastouseothermethodsdiscussedProcessofDecompositionAfter26AlgorMortisReferstothecoolingrateofthebodyafterdeathAfterdeaththebodycannotkeepitstemperatureat98.6degreesThetemperaturebeginstodroptotheairtempTheGlaisterFormulacanbeusedtogiveanestimateofhoursafterdeathAlgorMortisReferstothecool27GlaisterFormulah=98.4F–internaltemperature/1.5IfthetemperaturereachesambienttemperatureallbetsareoffGlaisterFormulah=98.4F–int28LivorMortisLMreferstothepoolingofbloodinthebodyaftertheheartstops,causedbygravityItappearsontheskinasapurplishreddiscolorationandcanindicatepositionofthebodyatthetimeofdeathTherearenolivormortisinareasthattouchthegroundbecausethevesselsarecompressedLMbeginsinahalfhourafterdeathandismorevisible12hoursafterdeathLMdoesnotmoveafterdeathLivorMortisLMreferstothep29RigorMortisRMreferstotherigidityoftheskeletalmusclesafterdeathAfterdeath,themusclesrelaxandchemicalsinthemusclesbreakdownandthemusclebecomesrigidItstartsinthesmallermuscles(neckandjaw)Occurstwohoursafterdeathandisgoneafter30hours,leavingthebodylimp(reverseshowitstarts)RatedependsonenvironmentalconditionsRigorMortisRMreferstother30DeterminingRateofDecayThedecompositionprocessofthebodyinvolvetwothings:Autolysis—isaprocessofself-digestionPutrefaction—moredestructiveprocess,causedbebacteriathatdestroythebody’stissues—comesfrombacteriainternallyandexternallyDeterminingRateofDecayThed31PutrefactionProcesssequenceAfter36hours,theabdomentakesagreenishcolorandspreadstotheupperbodyBloatingiscausedbygasproducedbybacteriaTheskindevelopsblisterswhichisfilledwithliquidorserumTheskinbeginstomarblewhichmeansitrevealstheweblikepatternofbloodvesselsAsgasaccumulate,theabdomenswells,andtheskincontinuestoblister.SkinandhairbegintoslipfromthebodyThebodytakesonagreen-blackcolorandfluidofdecompositionbegintodrainThebodyblistersswellsandburstreleasingfluidsPutrefactionProcesssequence32BugsandBlowfliesWhenananimalsdies—blowfliesknowitAfterthetimeofdeathblowflies:LayeggsindecayingfleshEggshatchintolarvaeandfeedofffleshuntiltheybecomefliesAtimeofdeathcanbeestablishedbydeterminingwhatstagetheblowflylarvaeareinEntomologiststudytheinsectslifeBugsandBlowfliesWhenananim33ActivityForensicEntomology—Makeadrawnposterofablowflythatincludesthelifecycleandhowthetimeofdeathisdeterminedingreatdetail.Intheposter,fivefactsaboutblowfliesandhowtheyfeedondecayingbodies.StagesofHumanDecayMakeadrawnposteroflividity,algorMortis,andRigorMortis.Giveingreatdetailwhathappenstothephysicalbodyasitdecays.ActivityForensicEntomology—Ma34AutopsyMedicalExaminerisamedicaldoctortrainedtoperformautopsy(ForensicPathologists)AutopsyisconductedtodeterminethemedicalfactorsrelatingtodeathandsearchforillnessesthedeceasedsufferedAforensicautopsymayfindtimeandmannerofdeathCauseofdeath—reasonapersondiesMechanismofdeath—actualphysiologicalchangethatcausedthecessationoflife/autopsy.htmAutopsyMedicalExaminerisam35FourMannersofDeathNatural—deaththatoccursfromanaturaldiseaseprocess(largestgroup)Accidental—resultfromanunplannedandunforeseeablesequenceofeventsSuicidal—aredeathscausedbythedeadperson’sownhandHomicidal—aredeathsthatoccurbythehandofsomeoneelseFourMannersofDeathNatural—d36ForensicAutopsyAMEtypicallyinvestigatesanydeaththatis:Traumatic—occurringfromaninjurythatcoldbeaccidental,homicidal,orself-inflictedUnusual—occurringincircumstancesthatappeartobeunnaturalorsuspiciousSudden—takingplacewithinafewhoursoftheonsetofsymptomsUnexpected—occurringinsomeonewhowasn’tthoughttobeillForensicAutopsyAMEtypically37PerformingtheAutopsyThereseveralstepstoanautopsyIdentifyingthebody—theidentifyofabodycannotbeleftindoubtConductinganexternalexamination—theMEconductsthisatthescene—MEiscarefulnottotouchthebodyormoveit—atthemorgue,theMEsearchesfortraceevidenceMeasuringandweighing—determinesHandWPerformingtheAutopsyTherese38PerformingtheAutopsyPhotographingthebody—photographclothedandunclothed—MElooksformarksandinjuriesCheckingoutclothing—damageandtraceevidenceEstablishestimeofdeath—lookingatstagesofdecompositionTakesX-rays—extentofinjuriesTraceevidence—arecollected—bodyfluidsarecollectedExaminesinjuries(threecommononesarelacerationsandcontusions,stabwounds,andgunshots)PerformingtheAutopsyPhotogra39HowtheAutopsyisDoneDissectingthebodyMakingtheincision—theMEmakesaY-shapedincisiontothefrontofthebody—ribsandbonesarecutwithsawsandbreastplateisremovedRemovingheartandlungs—removedinoneunitforbloodtyping,DNA,andtoxicologyExaminingtheabdomen—organsareweighedandexamineandtissuesamplesaretakenHowtheAutopsyisDoneDissect40HowtheAutopsyisDoneCollectingsamples—contentsofstomacharetaken—lastmealcandetermineTOD—otherorgansamplesaretakenAssessingtheheadandbrain—Melooksforevidenceofheadtraumaorskullfractures—nexttheMEopenstheskullandremovesthebrainReturningtheorgansandsuturingthebody—afterexaminationtheorgansarereturnedandthebodyissuturedandreleasetothefamilyHowtheAutopsyisDoneCollect41AutopsyReportThereportincludesDescriptionofbodyVisibleinjuriesIllnessesorinjuriestothebrainandspinalcordInternalexaminationToxicologyreportsLabtestresultsPathologistopinionthatincludescause,mechanism,andmannerofdeathAutopsyReportThereportincl42AutopsyActivityAutopsyofaDillPickleAutopsyActivityAutopsyofaD43TheSkeletonTheAdulthumanhas206bonesTheskeletonperformsmanyvitalfunctionsincluding:StructureandrigidityforthebodySheltersandprotectssofttissueandinternalorgansSurroundsandprotectsthebrainProvidessitesfortheattachmentofmuscles,tendons,ligamentstoallowmovementStoresmineralsandformsredbloodcells(immune)TheSkeletonTheAdulthumanha44TheSkeletonThebodymovesthroughtheinteractionofmusclesandtheskeletonMusclesareconnectedtothebonesbytendonsBonesareconnectedtobonesbyligamentsJointsarepointswhereamuscleisconnectedtotwodifferentboneswhichallowsmovementTheSkeletonThebodymovesthr45TheSkeletonBonesareclassifiedaslong,short,flat,andirregular:Longbones—arelongerthanwideex.Arms,legsShortbones—areaslongastheyarewideex.WristandankleFlatbones—areflatandenclosesofttissueex.SternumIrregularbones—areirregularlyshapedex.vertebraeTheSkeletonBonesareclassifi46IdentifyingBonesIdentifyingBones47EstimatingHeightUsingLongBonesForensicscientistscanestimateheightbyexaminingoneormoreofthelongbones(femur,tibia,humerus,orradius)ThefollowingareformulasfordeterminingheightformenandwomenEstimatingHeightUsingLongB48HeightFormulasinCMMenFemur—H=lengthX2.21+61.41Tibia—H=lengthX2.53+72.57Humerus—H=lengthX3.14+64.97Radius—H=lengthX3.87+73.50FemaleFemur—H=lengthX2.23+69.08Tibia—H=lengthX2.39+81.68Humerus—H=lengthX2.97+73.57Radius—H=lengthX3.65+80.40HeightFormulasinCMMenFemale49EstimatingHeightActivityCSInoBonesAboutitEstimatingHeightActivityCSI50IdentifyingtheBodyDeadbodiesaresubjecttointernaldigestion,bacterialaction,extremeweather,insects,andpredators(oneweekintheopenistwoweeksinthewateroreightweeksintheground)ThemoredecomposedthebodyisthegreaterchallengetoIDIdentifyingtheBodyDeadbodie51DiggingtheArtifactsItemsfoundnearthebodyoronthebodymaybehelpfulsuchas:Jewelry—inscribedwithnames,dates,orinitialsclothing—styleormanufacturerburialshroud—coffinsandblanketsprovideinfofrommarkings,ormaterials.PlasticbagscanhavefingerprintsUsescars,birthmark,surgicalscarring,andtattoosDiggingtheArtifactsItemsfou52FingerprintingtheDeadUnlessacorpseisseverelydeteriorated,fingerprintscanbeobtainedandmatchedSalineissometimesinjectedintothetipsinthefingerstoshowridgesThefingerprintscanbecarefullyslicedawayFingerprintingtheDeadUnless53CheckingOuttheChoppersDentalrecordscanidentifyhumanremainsbecauseeveryone’steetharedifferentby:Lengths,widths,andshapesMiss