电流继电器课件

《输电线路专业英语》UnitFour《输电线路专业英语》UnitFour1ProtectiveRelays继电器是根据某种输入信号的变化，接通或断开控制电路，实现自动控制和保护电力装置的自动电器。分类：继电器的种类很多，按输入信号的性质分为：电压继电器、电流继电器、时间继电器、温度继电器、速度继电器、压力继电器等；按工作原理可分为：电磁式继电器、感应式继电器、电动式继电器、热继电器和电子式继电器等；按输出形式可分为：有触点和无触点两类，按用途可分为：控制用与保护用继电器等。ProtectiveRelays继电器是根据某种输入信号的2常用继电器：电磁式继电器DL-10电磁型过电流继电器

1─线圈2─电磁铁3─钢舌片4─轴5─反作用弹簧6─轴承7─静触点8─动触点9─起动电流调节转杆10─标度盘（铭牌）原理：线圈通电后铁芯被磁化产生足够的电磁力吸引衔铁并带动簧片，使动触点和静触点闭合或分开，当线圈断电后，电磁吸力消失，动触点和静触点回到原来闭合或断开状态，达到控制的目的。常用继电器：DL-10电磁型过电流继电器

1─线圈2─电3/show/9_gnJqBx0FNC1P5Z.html/show/9_gnJqBx4感应式过电流继电器1─线圈2─铁心3─短路环4─铝盘5─钢片6─框架7─调节弹簧8─制动永久磁铁9─扇形齿轮10─涡杆11─扁杆12─继电器触头13─时间调节螺杆

14─速断电流调节螺杆15─衔铁16─动作电流调节插销主要用于变压器及其他电气设备的过电流及短路保护。感应式过电流继电器1─线圈2─铁心3─短路环4─5继电器的工作原理是:当继电器的线圈通以交流电流时，则在铁芯的遮蔽与未遮蔽部分产生两个具有一定相位差的磁通。圆盘在此磁通的作用下，产生转矩。在20%-40%动作电流整定值下，圆盘开始转动。此时由于扇齿与蜗杆没有咬合，故障电器触点不动作。当线圈中的电流增大至整定电流时，电磁力矩大于弹簧的反作用力矩。框架转动，使扇齿与蜗杆咬合，扇齿上升。在扇齿顶杆的推动下，使动铁动作，触点闭合。继电器的工作原理是:当继电器的线圈通以交流电流时，则在铁芯的6电压继电器输入量(激励量)是电压并当其达到规定的电压值时做出相应动作的一种继电器。电磁型电压继电器有过电压继电器和欠电压继电器两种。其结构与电磁型电流继电器相同，但电压继电器一般是经过电压互感器接在电力网上，其动作行为取决于电网电压。时间继电器当加入(或去掉)输入的动作信号后，其输出电路需经过规定的准确时间才产生跳跃式变化(或触头动作)的一种继电器。时间继电器应用钟表机构和电磁铁作用，获得一定的动作时限。在继电保护中完成保护装置的计时功能。电压继电器7中间继电器用于增加控制电路中的信号数量或信号强度的一种继电器。辅助继电器。中间继电器的触头容量较大，触头数量较多，在继电保护接线中，当需要同时闭合或断开几条独立回路，或者要求比较大的触点容量去断开或闭合大电流回路时，可以采用中间继电器。中间继电器可以用来直接接通断路器的跳闸回路。信号继电器信号继电器用来标志保护装置的动作，并同时接通灯光和声响信号回路。其机构与中间继电器相同，但多了信号牌和手动复归旋钮。差动继电器差动继电器由位于系统中两个不同位置的电流互感器提供反馈信息。差动继电器对电流进行比较，如果存在不同则表示受保护区域内有故障存在。此类继电器主要用于保护发电机线圈、变压器、一段线路及母线设备。温度继电器主要测量电气设备的温度。中间继电器8Newwords1.relayn.驿马,接替,[电工]继电器vt.(消息,货物等)分程传递,使接替,转播vi.得到接替,转播workin[by]relays轮班工作newrelaysoftroops新补充的部队relaystation中继站,转播站2.energizevt.给加能量；激发；励磁Newwords1.relay93.abnormaladj.反常的,变态的abnormalpsychology变态心理学Abnormallyadv.Abnormalismn.变态性,反常性4.plunger投入水中的人[物],跳水者,潜水者(枪炮等发火装置的)撞针杆;【机】柱塞,活塞;(电磁铁的)插棒式铁心;(波导管)短路器投机者;冒险者;狂赌者;鲁莽的人5.solenoid【电】网络,网络管;螺线管,螺线管线圈,电磁线圈;电磁铁3.abnormal106.hinge铰链;折[合]叶;活页;转轴枢纽;门枢;节点,活动关节,关键;转折点Adoorturnsonitshinge.门依靠门枢而转动。vi.靠铰链转动[附着](on,upon);以[看]...而定;以...为转移(on,upon),取决于,关键在于Everythinghingesonhowhardwework.一切取决于我们工作努力的程度。vt.装上合叶;用铰链接合;使以...为转移[依据]hingeon取决于,随...而定,以...为转移offthehinges(门窗等)脱开铰链的[口]脱节;损坏;混乱[口]身体欠佳;精神失常;惊慌失措6.hinge118.induction9.disk10.torque11.rotor13.instantaneous12.inherentadj.固有的,内在的,与生俱来的inherentcontradictions内在矛盾inherentlaws内在规律beinherentin为...所固有,是...的固有性质;生来的Polarityisinherentinamagnet.极性是磁铁的固有性质。14.impairvt.损害,伤害;减少(量、价值、力等)impairone'shealth损害某人健康8.induction1215.dragv.拖,拖曳,缓慢而费力地行动n.拖拉magneticdrag磁阻pull为通用词。常伴有状语表示拖的方向Asmallfishing-boatwascarriedmilesouttoseabyapowerfulfishasitpulledontheline.一条小渔般被一条力气强大的鱼拖着鱼线带数英里以外的海上去了。drag的含义是“慢慢地而沉重的拽”，而且包含着被拖者进行着积极的或消极的阻抗或阻力Whenhehadkilledtheguard,theprisonerofwarquicklydraggedhimintothebushes.战俘杀死卫兵后，很快把他拖进矮树丛中。Bythistime,however,threemenhadcomeintotheringandtheyquicklydraggedthedrunktosafety.不过，到这时候三个人已经走进了拳击场，把醉汗拖到了安全的地方。15.drag1316.inertia【物】惯性;惯量【医】惰性;无力不活动;迟钝,缺乏活动性momentofinertia转动惯量;惯性矩17.ingeniousadj.机灵的,有独创性的,精制的,具有创造才能aningeniousauthor有创造力的作家aningeniousdevice精巧的装置18.incorporateadj.合并的,结社的,一体化的vt.合并,使组成公司,具体表现vi.合并,混合,组成公司vt.[律]结社,使成为法人组织Yourideawillbeincorporatedintheplan.将把你的意见编入计划。Whenhisbusinessbecamelarge,heincorporatedit.在他的商店业务扩充之后,他把它组成公司。16.inertia1419.sustainedadj.持续的;不变的;不间断的;被支持的makesustainedefforts再接再励sustainedflight稳定持久飞行;(火箭)巡航飞行sustainvt.支撑,撑住,维持,持续20.cripplen.跛子v.削弱;使失去战斗力,损坏beacrippleforlife成终生残疾Theshipwascrippledinthestorm.那船在暴风雨中受到严重损坏。Hethatliveswithcrippleslearnstolimp.近朱者赤,近墨者黑。21.static静态的：无动作的；静止的；静态的【电学】静电的：静电的、与静电有关的或产生静电的staticinduction静电感应Dynamicadj.动力的,动力学的,动态的19.sustained1522.insulation23.surgen.巨涌,汹涌,澎湃vi.汹涌,澎湃,振荡,滑脱,放松vt.使汹涌奔腾,急放【电】电涌,振荡asurgeofjoy.喜从天降Angersurged(up)withinhim.他胸中怒气汹涌。lightningsurge雷电冲击波,雷涌,雷电冲击surgelessadj.平稳的,平静的,无波涛的22.insulation1624.loopn.环,线(绳)圈,弯曲部分,回路,回线,(铁路)让车道,(飞机)翻圈飞行vt.使成环,以圈结,以环连结vi.打环,翻筋斗n.循环【电学】闭合电路knockforaloop/throwforaloop使震惊,造成混乱;使激动猛击;打昏;把...醉倒给...极好的印象使陷入突然的灾难或不幸ontheloop在匆匆旅行中24.loop17PhrasesandExpressions1.respondto回报2.thesameistruefor同样符合于…3.assignto指定，委派4.dropout派出5.timedelay延时6.instantaneousoperation瞬时动作7.sensingdevice互感器8.differentialrelay差动保护PhrasesandExpressions1.resp18ProtectiveRelaysAprotectiverelayisadevicethatmaybeenergizedbyavoltagesignal,acurrentsignal,orboth.Whenenergized,itoperatestoindicateorisolateanabnormaloperatingcondition（运行状态）.Basicallytheprotectiverelayconsistsofanoperatingelementandasetofcontacts.

ProtectiveRelaysAprotective19Theoperatingelementtakesthesignalfromsensingdevices（传感器）inthesystem,suchascurrentorpotentialtransformers(orboth),performsameasuringoperation,andrespondstotheresultsbycausingthecontactstoopenorclose.Whentherelayoperates,itmayeitheractuateasignalorcompleteacircuittotripacircuitbreaker,whichinturnisolatesthesectionofthesystemthatisintrouble.Theoperatingelementtakesth20Operatingelementsofprotectiverelaysaregenerallyconstructedinfourbasictypes.Theseare1.Plungerorsolenoidtype2.Hingedarmature3.Inductiondisk4.InductioncupTheplungerandthehingedarmaturetypeworkbymagneticattraction.Inthesethemovingpart,calledthearmature,isattractedintoacoilortothepolefaceofanelectromagnet.Thistypeofrelay-operatingelementmaybeappliedoneitheralternating-ordirect-currentcircuits.Operatingelementsofprotecti21Theinduction-typerelaysaremagnetic-inductiontypeswhereintorqueisdevelopedinamovingrotorinthesamewaythatitisproducedinanelectricmotor.Theserelayscanonlybeusedonalternating-currentcircuits.Theinduction-typerelaysare22Theplungerandhingedarmaturerelayshavenoinherenttimedelayandsoareusedinapplicationswhereinstantaneousoperationisrequired.Theairgaponthehingedarmaturetypechangesastherelayoperates,whichmeans

thattheforcerequiredtocloseitchangesand

theforcetoallowthearmaturetodropout（退出）againisreduced.

Forthisreason,itsmeasuringqualityisimpaired.Thesameistruefortheplungertypebuttoalesserdegree.Theplungerandhingedarmatur23Theinductiondisktypeisusedwhentimedelayinrelayoperationisrequired.Thetimedelayiscausedbytheadditionofthepermanentmagnet.Thediskrotates,causinganinductiondrag.Theinductioncuprotatingpartsareoflowinertiasothisrelayiscapableofhigh-speedoperation.Itisusedforfunctionsrequiringinstantaneousresponse.Theinductiondisktypeisuse24Elementsofthetypesdescribedaboveandotheringeniousoperatorsareincorporatedintothemanytypesofprotectiverelaysavailable.Allprotectiverelayshaveaseparatedevicenumberassignedtotheminthestandardadoptedforautomaticswitchgear

bytheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI).Elementsofthetypesdescribe25Themainpowertransformermustbeprotectedfrompossiblefaultsbecauselossofthispieceofequipment,throughdamagefromasustainedshortcircuit,wouldbeascripplingtothesystemcapabilityaslossofthegenerator.Transformersarestaticdevicesandhaveonlyalternating-currentwindingssotheprotectionproblemislessseriousthanforrotatingequipment.Therearetwoprinciplecausesforinsulationfailuresintransformers.Theyare(1)over-voltageresultingfromlightning,switchingsurges,etc.,and(2)repeatedoverheatingduetooverloadingorfailureofthecoolingsystem.Themainpowertransformermus26Differentialrelayingisoftenusedtoprotectlargepowertransformers.Inthisparticularcase,theprimaryfeedertotheprimarywinding（一次绕组）oftheunitstationservicetransformerisincludedinthezoneofprotection.Thecurrenttransformersareallconnectedinalooparrangementandnormalcurrentswillsimplycirculate.Afaultanywherewithinthezoneofprotectionwillcauseadifferencecurrenttoflow,energizingtherelay.Thelockoutrelaywillbewiredtooperatewhenenergizedbythedifferentialrelayandtoshutdownthesamecircuitelementsasthoseshutdownforthegenerator.Differentialrelayingisoften27ExercisesI.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChineseorEnglish.转动设备rotatingequipment静态设备staticdevice直流电流directcurrentcircuit交流电流alternatingcurrentcircuit瞬时动作instantaneousoperation测量动作measuringoperation电流信号currentsignal电压信号voltagesignal感应型继电器induction-typerelay继电保护器theprotectiverelayExercisesI.Translatethefoll28正常运行normaloperation非正常运行abnormaloperation铁路系统arailwaysystem冷却系统acoolingsystem常设委员会apermanentcommittee永久磁铁apermanentmagnet北极星thepolestar极面thepoleface各种血型typesofvariousblood磁感应型magnetic-inductiontypes正常运行normaloperation非正常运行abnor29II.Fillinthefollowingblankswiththewordsgiven.Thereareextraitems.1.Transmissionlinesareclassifiedintotwotypes:overheadlineandunderground_____.(cable)2.Naturalscienceincludesthebroadfieldsofastronomy,biology,earthscience,_____andphysics.(chemistry)3.Sincetheindustrialrevolution,man’sdemandforandconsumptionofenergyhas_____steadily.(increased)4.Toreducetheconsumptionofenergywemust_____thewastefulburningoffossilfuels.(prevent)5.Theradioactiveshouldbekeptsafeto_____thesurroundingareasfrombeingpollutedbyradiation.(protect)chemistrypreventcarrycustomerscableincreasedprotectpowerelectricityfeederrelyondropoutII.Fillinthefollowingblan306.Alaserbeamtravelingthroughanenclosedcubecan_____asmuchinformationas80millionTVchannels.(carry)7.Somescientistsbelievesolarenergyisoneofthemainsourceswhichcanmeettheworld’senormousneedfor_____.(power)8.Thecompanyprovidesservicestooveramillion_____via750plusdistributionfeeder.(customers)9.Asubstationisanassemblageofequipmentforthepurposeofswitchingorchangingorregulatingthevoltageof_____.(electricity)10.Ifacomputerthinks,learnsandcreates,itwill_____aprogramthatendowsitwiththesecapacities.(relyon)chemistrypreventcarrycustomerscableincreasedprotectpowerelectricityfeederrelyondropout6.Alaserbeamtravelingthro31III.PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.牛顿的运动定律适用于地球上的一切东西。(applyto)Newton’sLawsofMotionapplytoallthingsontheearth.2.电磁波的传播速度和光速相同。(thesame…as)Electromagneticwavestravelatthesamespeedaslight.3.激光只有一种颜色，而不像太阳光那样有多种颜色。(consistsof)Laserconsistsofonlyonecolor,andnotofmanycolorslikesunlight.4.目前运行的最大发电机组容量为60万千瓦。(incapacity)Atpresentthelargestoperatinggeneratingunitis600MWincapacity.5.前领导已派往一座新的热电厂主持工作。(assignedto)Theformerleaderhasbeenassignedtoanewthermalpowerplantforwork.III.Putthefollowingsentenc32Skilloftranslation:从句的译法从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。

定语从句的译法一、合译法（…..的）合译法一般适用于限定性定语从句和限定意义较强，且句子较短的非限定性定语从句。Acarwhichisinmotionhaskineticenergy.正在开动的车子具有动能。Hewroteabook,whichisabouteconomics.他写了一本经济学方面的书。Thenegativesmokeparticlesarethenattractedtoinsidesurfaceofthesurroundingtubewhichispositive.带负电的烟粒子被吸向带正电的周围管子的内侧面。Skilloftranslation:从句的译法从句是相33二、分译法分译法一般适用于非限定性定语从句和某些句子较长的限定性定于从句。Inpowerstation,coaloroilisburnedandchangedintoelectricity,whichisthensentovertohomesandfactories.在发电站里，煤和油燃烧变成电，然后电沿导线输送到用户和工厂。Theprocessbywhichenergyischangedfromoneformintoanotheriscalledthetransformationofenergy.能量从一种形式变成另一种形式，这一过程称为能量转换。Thereare107knownelements,mostofwhicharemetals.已知元素有107种，其中大多数是金属。二、分译法34三、译成状语从句Mancan’tliveonthemoon,wherethereisnoairandwater.人不能在月球上生存，因为那里没有空气和水。Electroniccomputers,whichhavemanyadvantages,can’tcarryoutcreativeworkandcompletelyreplacepeople.尽管电子计算机有许多优点，但是它们不能进行创造性的工作，也不能代替人。Themanufactureofthisequipmentisaverycomplexone,whichtookusalotoftime.这种设备的制造很复杂，以致花了我们很多时间。三、译成状语从句35四、特种定语从句的译法特种定语从句主要指由which或as引导的非限制性定语从句，which或as指代整个主句。由which引导的定语从句常译成“这”，有时也可以译成“从而”、“因而”。由as引导的定语从句常译成“这”、“如”、“像”等词。Lighttravelsinstraightlines,whichexplainswhyshadowsareformedwhenitgoespastanobject.光以直线传播，这说明光经过物体时形成阴影的原因。Tofindthepressurewedividetheforcebytheareaonwhichitpresses,whichgivesustheforceperunitarea.要求压强，则把力除以它所作用的面积，从而得出单位面积上的力。Metalshavemanygoodproperties,ashasbeenstatedbefore.金属具有许多良好的性能，这在前面已经讲了。四、特种定语从句的译法36状语从句的译法将状语从句译成汉语时，应按照汉语的语序习惯来译。一、前置译法Watercontractswhenitiscooled.水冷却时要收缩。（时间状语）Abodyaccelerateswhenitisfalling.物体下落时有加速度。（时间状语）状语从句的译法将状语从句译成汉语时，应按照汉语的语序习惯来译37Whereverthereismatter,thereismotion.哪里有物质，哪里就有运动。（地点状语）Anobjectatrestwillnotmoveunlessaforceisexertedonit.如果不受外力的作用，静止的物体就不会移动。（条件状语）Wemuststudyandworkhardsothatwecanspeedupthefourmodernizationsofourcountry.为了加快我国的四个现代化建设，我们一定要努力学习和工作。（目的状语）Whereverthereismatter,ther38二、后置译法Thesteelisheateduntilitbecomesred.将钢加热到发红。（时间状语）Mostpartsofthatmachinewillbemadeofplasticinsteadofmetalsothatitsweightmaybegreatlydecreased.那台机器的大部分零件将不用金属而用塑料制成，为的是大大减轻其重量。（目的状语）Transistorsaresmallinsizeandlightinweight,sotheyfindwideapplicationinther