大外(3)翻译技巧：词义的选择

I.ReviewandpracticeII.TheintroductionoftranslationtechniquesIII.TheselectionofwordmeaningIV.SummaryV.HomeworkTeachingProceduresI.ReviewandhomeworkcheckingWhatisliteraltranslation?Whatisfreetranslation?I.Reviewandhomeworkchecking

Shewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.

她生于豪门。2.Wecannotestimatethevalueofmodernsciencetoomuch.

对现代科学的价值怎么重视也不过分。/我们一定要重视现代科学的价值。3.Beautyisonlyskindeep.

美丽不过是一张皮。4.Abrewer’swifemaydrinkofatun.

近水楼台先得月。/酿酒人的妻子不愁酒没酒喝。5.Hehadonefootinthegrave.

他已是风烛残年。6.Hewasonlyacockofthedunghill.

他只是井底之蛙。7.Aburnedchilddreadsthefire.

一朝经蛇咬，十年怕警绳。8.Ratsdesertafallinghouse.

树倒猴孙散。II.IntroductiontothetechniquesoftranslationHowtoachieve

ReasonsforfailureCharacteristicsTechniquesoftranslationrefertotheexperiencethatpeoplehaveaccumulatedintheirpracticeoftranslation.Theyincludelotsofskillsintranslation,suchasselectionofwordmeaning,extensionofwordmeaning,conversionofpartsofspeechesandsentencestructures,longsentencetranslation,paragraphandpassagetranslation,translationofarticlesofdifferentkindsofstyles,etc.Howtoachieve

ReasonsforfailureCharacteristicsIII.SelectionofWordMeanings

a.Selectwordmeaningsaccordingtopartsofspeeches.

1.Microprocessorsmonitortyrewearandbrakepoweroncars.

2.Thepatientwasconnectedtoatelevisionwavemonitor.3.Helikesmakingchemicalexperiments.微机检测汽车轮胎的耐用性和制动力。病人情况通过波形监视器监视。他喜欢做化学实验。Howtoachieve

ReasonsforfailureCharacteristicsIII.SelectionofWordMeanings

4.Likechargesrepeleachother,unlikechargesattract.5.Likethehumanbrain,acomputeralsohasamemorywhereitcanstorevastquantitiesofinformation.6.IhopeIcanoperatethemachinelikeyoudo

7.Allmatterssuchasiron,water,air,andthelikearemadeupofatoms.8.Likeenough,theshipwillarriveinport.

同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。计算机像人脑一样，也有一个能储存大量信息的存储器我希望能像你一样操纵机器。一切物质，例如铁、水、空气等，都是由原子构成的。这艘船很可能明天进港。Howtoachieve

ReasonsforfailureCharacteristicsIII.SelectionofWordMeanings

b.Selectwordmeaningsaccordingtothecontext.

1.Thecountry’sindustryhasdevelopedquicklyinthelastdecade.

2.Todeveloptheinstrument,manyexpertswereinvited.3.Indevelopingthedesign,theengineermustapplyhisknowledgeofengineeringandmaterialscience.4.Inordertodevelopourpowerindustry,wemustproducemoreandporepowerfulgenerators.过去10年我国工业发展迅猛。为了研制这种仪器请了很多专家。在进行设计时工程师必须运用工程学和材料学方面的知识。为了发展我国的电力工业，我们必须生产越来越多的大功率发电机Howtoachieve

ReasonsforfailureCharacteristicsIII.SelectionofWordMeanings

5.Instrumentscapableofmeasuringmostkindsoferrorautomaticallyandmethodsoffeedingtheinformationbacktothemachines’controlshavebeendeveloped.6.Heisthelastmantocome.7.Heisthelastmantodoit.8.Heisthelastpersonforsuchajob.9.Heshouldbethelast(man)toblame.10.Heisthelastmantoconsult.11.ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtomeetyou.

能自动测量多种误差的仪器，以及把信息反馈给机器控制机构的方法已经研制出来了。他是最后来的。他决不会干这种事。他最不配干这工作。怎么也不该怪他。根本不宜与他商量。我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。Howtoachieve

ReasonsforfailureCharacteristicsIII.SelectionofWordMeanings

c.Selectwordmeaningsaccordingtospeciality.

1.Powercanbetransmittedoveralongdistance.2.Chinawillnotbethefirsttousenuclearweaponsalthoughconsideredoneofthenuclearpowers.

3.16isthefourpowerof2.(27isthethirdpowerof3.)

4.Whatisthepoweroftheengine?

电力可以远距离输送。尽管中国是核大国，但中国决不会首先使用核武器。16是2的4次方。（27是3的3次幂。）这台电机的功率是多少？Howtoachieve

ReasonsforfailureCharacteristicsIII.SelectionofWordMeanings

d.Selectwordmeaningsaccordingtocollocation.

1.highbeam2.highbrass3.highcurrent4.highexplosive5.highgear6.highseas7.highsummer8.highsteel远距离光束优质黄铜强电流烈性炸药高速齿轮公海盛夏硬钢Howtoachieve

ReasonsforfailureCharacteristicsIII.SelectionofWordMeanings

9.Totakeoffherbootsortoputthemonwasanagonytoher,butithadbeenanagonyforyears.10.Healwayssitsontheveryedgeofhischairwhenheisworking,asthoughabouttotakeoff.

11.Everymaterialtakesupspace.

12.Theelectroniccomputersaretakingoversomeofthetasksthatwereonceaccomplishedbyourownbrains,buttheyarenotreplacingus.

脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦，但这已是多年以来的痛苦了。他工作时总是坐在椅子边上，好象随时都会跳起来的样子。一切物质都占有空间。计算机正在接替原来由人脑进行的某些工作，但是它们不能代替人。Howtoachieve

ReasonsforfailureCharacteristicsIII.SelectionofWordMeanings

ChristmasLostandFound

ByMcCallShirleyBarksdale作者简介:麦考尔.雪莉.巴克斯代尔(McCallShirleyBarksdale)美国当代著名小说家,著有大量短篇小说。Howtoachieve

ReasonsforfailureCharacteristicsIII.SelectionofWordMeanings

ChristmaswasaquiteaffairwhenIwasgrowingup./Therewerejustmyparentsandme./IvowedthatsomedayI’dmarryandhavesixchildren,andatChristmasmyhousewouldvibratewithenergyandlifeandlove.Howtoachieve

ReasonsforfailureCharacteristicsIII.SelectionofWordMeanings

Ifoundthemanwhosharedmydream,butwehadnotreckonedonthepossibilityofinfertility(beingunabletoproducebabies)./Undaunted(notdiscouraged),weappliedforadoptionand,withinayear,hearrived.Howtoachieve

ReasonsforfailureCharacteristicsIII.SelectionofWordMeanings

WecalledhimourChristmasBoybecausehecametousduringthatseasonofjoy,whenhewasjustsixdaysold./Thennaturesurprisedusagain./Inrapidsuccessionweaddedtwobiologicalchildrentothefamily---notasmanyaswehadhopedfor,butcomparedwithmyquietchildhood,threemadeanentirelysatisfactorycrowd.Howtoachieve

ReasonsforfailureCharacteristicsIII.SelectionofWordMeanings

AsourChristmasBoygrew,hemadeitclearthatonlyhehadtheexpertise(specialskillandknowledge本事)toselectanddecoratetheChristmastreeeachyear./Herushedtheseason(为圣诞节忙活),startinghisgiftlistbeforewe’devenfinishedtheThanksgivingturkeyHowtoachieve

ReasonsforfailureCharacteristicsIII.SelectionofWordMeanings

Hepressed（要求）usintosingingcarols,ourfrog-like(沙哑的)voicescontrastingwithhismusicalgiftofperfectpitch./Eachholidayhe