考城隍(Chenghuang)知识点梳理汇总

考城隍(Chenghuang)予姊丈之祖宋公，讳焘，邑廪生（xiucai)。一日病卧，见吏人持牒，牵白颠马来，云：“请赴试。”公言：“文宗未临，何遽得考？”吏不言，但敦促之。公力病乘马从去，路甚生疏，至一城郭，如王者都。移时入府廨(Yamen)，宫室壮丽。上坐十余官，都不知何人，惟关壮缪可识。檐下设几、墩各二，先有一秀才坐其末，公便与连肩。几上各有笔札。俄题纸飞下，视之有八字，云：“一人二人，有心无心。”二公文成，呈殿上。公文中有云：“有心为善，虽善不赏。无心为恶，虽恶不罚。”诸神传赞不已。召公上，谕曰：“河南缺一城隍，君称其职。”公方悟，顿首泣曰：“辱膺宠命，何敢多辞？但老母七旬，奉养无人，请得终其天年，惟听录用。”上一帝王像者，即命稽母寿籍。有长须吏捧册翻阅一过，白：“有阳算九年。”共踌躇间，关帝曰：“不妨令张生摄篆九年，瓜代可也。”乃谓公：“应即赴任，今推仁孝之心，给假九年。及期当复相召。”又勉励秀才数语。二公稽首并下。秀才握手，送诸郊野，自言长山张某。以诗赠别，都忘其词，中有“有花有酒春常在，无烛无灯夜自明”之句。

公既骑，乃别而去，及抵里，豁若梦寤。时卒已三日，母闻棺中呻吟，扶出，半日始能语。问之长山，果有张生于是日死矣。后九年，母果卒，营葬既毕，浣濯入室而没。其岳家居城中西门里，忽见公镂膺朱幩，舆马甚众。登其堂，一拜而行。相共惊疑，不知其为神，奔询乡中，则已殁矣。公有自记小传，惜乱后无存，此其略耳。我姐夫的祖父宋先生，名焘，原是本城的一位秀才。有一天，他生病躺在床上，忽然，看到一名衙门的公差，手里拿着一张通知单，牵着一匹头上有白毛的马走来。对他说：“请你去参加考试！”宋先生说：“主考的学台老爷没有到，怎么能突然进行考试呢？”差人也不回答，只是不断地催促他。宋先生只好勉强骑上马，跟随他去。走的路都是非常陌生的，不久，他们便来到一座城市，如同帝王所居住的京城一样。不多时，他们进入一座衙门。宫殿建筑宏伟华丽，堂上坐着十多位官员，都不知道是些什么人，其中只有关帝是认识的。衙门的殿廊下摆着桌、凳各两个。已经有一位秀才坐在那里的下位上。宋先生便与他肩并肩坐下。每张桌子上都有笔和纸。一会，便送下有题目的卷纸来，一看上面写着八个字：“一人二人，有心无心。”他们俩把文章做成后便呈送上去。宋先生的文章中有句话，说：“有的人故意去做好事，虽然是做了好事，但不应给他奖励；有的人不是故意做坏事，虽然做了坏事，也可以不处罚他。”各位官员在传阅中不住地称赞。他们便把宋先生召唤到殿堂上去，对他说：“河南那个地方，缺一位城隍，你去担任这个职务很合适。”宋先生一听，这时才开始明白过来，连忙跪下去，一边叩头一边哭着说：“我能得到这样荣耀的任命，怎么敢再三推辞呢？但我的70多岁的老母，身边无人奉养。请你们允许在她去世之后，我再听从你们的任用。”堂上一位好象是帝王样的人，立即命令查看他母亲的寿禄。有一位留着胡子的官吏，捧着记载人寿禄的册子看了一遍，说道：“她还有阳寿九年。”他们听后正在犹豫不决，想不出办法时，关帝说：“没有什么关系，让姓张的先代理九年，到了期限，他再去。”于是，堂上人对宋先生说：“本应该让你立即到任的，今从仁爱孝敬之心考虑，给你九年的假，到了期限还得叫你去。”说完，又对那位秀才勉励了几句。二位先生叩头后走下殿来，秀才拉着宋先生的手，一直送到郊外，并自我介绍说：“我是长山地方人，姓张。还将自己做的诗赠给宋先生留作纪念。可是，宋先生把整首诗忘记了，只记得中间有“有花有酒春常在，无蜡无灯夜自明”两句。宋先生骑上马就告辞而去，当他回到村里时，就好象是从梦中醒过来一样。可是到这时，他已经是死去三天啦。宋先生的母亲听到棺材里有呻吟声，便赶快把他从里面扶出来。过了好半天，宋先生才能说出话来。他打听长山那个地方，果然有姓张的这个人，已经在那天死去了。自此以后的第9年，宋先生的母亲果然到时候便死去了。丧事发送完毕之后，宋先生洗完了澡，走进屋子里也死了。宋先生的丈人家住在城中西门里，忽然，看到宋先生一身新官服，身后跟随着许多车马人员。丈人家里人都非常惊奇，不知宋先生已经成了神，做了城隍。他们急忙跑到宋先生家里去打听消息，原来，宋先生已经死去了。宋老先生自己记有小传，可惜战乱后没有保存下来，这只不过是个大概吧。ExaminationforthePositionofChengHuang①Mr.Song,thegrandfatherofmybrother-in-lawandwhosefirstnamewasTao,wasaLinsheng.②Oneday,whenhewaslyinginbedwithsickness,aYachai③withanotificationinhand,leadingahorsewithwhiteforehead,said:‘Pleasetaketheexam.’ButMr.Songsaid:‘Theexaminerhasn’tcomeyet,whyshouldIgotheresoearly?’TheYachaididn’texplainanything,onlytourgehimtosetout.Mr.Songmountedthehorse,regardlessofillness.Aftergoingbyanunfamiliarroute,theyarrivedatacityseeminglikeacapitalfortheemperor.Afterawhile,hewasledtoamagnificentpalace.TherewereadozenofofficialssitinthehallandMr.SongrecognizednobodybutGuanZhuangmiu.④Twosidetableswithseatswereplacedundertheeavesofveranda.AXiucai⑤hadalreadytookhisseat,soMr.Songtookanother.Soontheexaminationpaperflewdown,therewereonlyeightwordsonit--‘onepersonortwo,withpurposeornot.’Theyhandedonthearticleafterfinishedit.ItcontainedthefollowingexpressioninMr.Song’sarticle:‘Amandoesgoodthingdeliberatelyshouldn’tberewardedwhileamandoesbadthingcarelesslycouldbeforgiven.’Afterreadingthat,everyofficialwasfullofpraiseforhisideaandsummonedhimonstagetotellhim:‘NowweneedaChenghuangforthesouthareaofYellowRiver,andyouarequalifiedfortheposition.’Mr.Songsuddenlyrealizedwherehewas,bowedhisheadimmediatelyandwept:‘SohonoramItotakethisresponsibilityandhowdareIrefuseit?Butconsiderthatmyseventy-yearsoldmotherneedsmetotakecareofher,Ibegyourdisposaltobedelayedtillshepassaway.’Amongthemwereamanwholookedlikeaemperor,heaskedanofficialtochecktherestdaysofMr.Song’smother.TheofficialwithlongbeardedbroughttheBookofFateandsearchthroughit,hesaidthatshestillhave9yearstolive.Allofthemhesitated,GuanZhuangmiusaid:‘Mr.Zhangmightaswelltakethatpositiontemporarily,thenafter9yearscouldMr.Songtakeitover.’SohesaidtoMr.Song:‘Youshouldhavetakethepositionatonce,butweconsiderofyourfilial,youaregrantedtofulfilltheresponsibilityasasonfirst.After9yearswewillsummonyouagain.’HealsoencouragedthatXiucaiwithafewwords.Bothofthecandidatesbowedtheirheadsandleftthepalace.TheXiucaitookMr.Songbythehandandsenthimtooutskirts,introducedhimselfasMr.ZhangwhocamefromChangshan.HegaveMr.Songapoetryatparting.Mr.Songcannotrememberitall,butinitoccurredthiscouplet:‘Withflowerandwine,springshallneverdie;Nocandlesandlight,thenightalwaysbright.’ThefarewellfinallycameasMr.Songmountedthehorse.Whenarrivedhome,hefeltlikethathesuddenlywokeupfromadream.Thenhefoundhimselfdiedthreedaysago.Hismotherheardthegroanandhelpedhimoutofthecoffin,itwasalongtimebeforehecouldspeak.Mr.SonginquiredaboutChangshan,indeedamancalledMr.Zhangdiedthatday.Nineyearsfled,hismotherdidpassaway.Afterheldherfuneral,Mr.Songtookashowerthendiedinthechamber.Hisfather-in-law’sfamilylivednearinthewestgateofthecounty,andonthatdaytheysuddenlysawMr.Songwearingagoldenrobeandavermilioncrown,withnumerouschariotsandhorsesfollowed.Heenteredthehallandgaveakneelingsaluteandthenleft.Theywereveryastonishedatthis,notknowingthathehadbecomeaChenghuang.Theyhurriedtoaskaroundthevillagethenknewhewasalreadygone.Mr.Songhadanautobiographywrittenbyhimself,butitwaslostduringthewar.Thisisonlyasummaryofhisstory.①adeitywhoisinchargeofaffairsinacity,atown,oravillage②anofficerwhogetsallowancefromgovernmentforhisacademicperformance.③anofficialmessenger④theposthumousnameofGuanYu,heisageneralintheThreeKingdomperiod.⑤onewhopassedtheimperialexaminationatthecountylevelintheMingandQingdynastiesTheExamforTownGodMybrotherinlaw’sgrandfatherwascalledSongTao.Heusedtobeoneofthescholarsinourcity.Oneday,whenheliedonbedbecauseofsickness,hesawapoliceofficerholdingarequisitioncamein,followedbyahorsewhoseheadhadwhitefurs,andsaid,Pleasefollowmetoparticipateinanexam.MrSongsaid,Thechiefexaminerhasn’tarrived,howcanwestartanexam?Theofficerdidn’tanswerhim,justurgedhimonandon.Atlast,MrSongrodeonthehorseandfollowedhim.Thewaytheytookwasveryunfamiliar.Afterashorttime,theyarrivedinacitylikethecapitaltheemperorlivedin.Shortly,theycameintoaspectaculardepartment.Thereweremorethantenofficersinitshall.ButMrSongdidn’tknowwhotheywere,exceptGuanYu,thegreatheroinChinesehistory.Thedepartmenthastwodesksandtwochairsinitshall.Papersandpenswereonthedesks.Anotherscholarhadalreadysatononeofthem.MrSongwenttositbesidehim.Afterthat,thepapersthathasquestionsweresenttothem.Thequestionwaswhatifamandosomethingdeliberatelyorcarelessly.Thetwomenhandedontheirpapersaftertheyhadcompletedtheirarticles.MrSongsaidinhisarticle,amandoesgoodthingdeliberatelyshouldn’tberewardedwhileamandoesbadthingcarelesslycouldbeforgived.Theofficersinthehallpraisedonthiscontinuously,sotheycalledMrSongtothefrontofthehall,andsaidtohim,OneareaofHenandidn’thaveatowngod,youaresuitableforthisplace.Finally,MrSongunderstoodwhathadhappened.Hekneeledimmediatelyandsaid,crying,HowcouldIrejectthishonorableoppointment?butmyoldmotherisoverseventyyearsoldanddon’thaveothermantotakecare.Pleaseallowmetotakethispositionaftermymotherhaspassedaway.Oneofficerseemedlikeanemperor,immediatelyorderedtoconsulttohismother’sbookoffake.Oneofficerthathadbeardholdthebookoffakeandsaid,shestillhasnineyears’life.Hearingthis,allmenwereinhesitationandhadnosolution.Atlast,GuanYusaid,Itdoesn’tmatter.LetMrZhangtakeagencyforhisposition.Afterhismotherhasgone,hecouldacceptthisappiontment.SoofficerssaidtoMrSongYoushouldhavetakenyourpositionimmediately,butyourfilialpietygotyouanineyearsholiday.ThentheypraisedMrZhang.Afterthat,thetwoscholarsbowedandreturnedtothebackofthehall.MrZhangholdMrSong’shandandsawhimoffintheoutskirtsofthecity.MrZhangintroducedhimselfthathecamefromChangshan,andhisfamilynamewasZhang.HealsogaveMrSonghispoetryaspresent.ButMrSongcan’trememberanyofthepoetry.Hecanonlyrememberonewordinit,Withflowersandwine,thespringneverdie;Nocandlesandlight,thenightalwaysbright.MrSongrodeonthehorseandsaidgoodbyetohim.Whenhereturnedtohisvillage,hefeltlikehewaswakeupfromadream.Atthistime,hefoundedthathehadbeendiedforthreedays.Whenhismotherheardofthegroanfromthecoffin,shehelpMrSongtogetoutimmediately.Itwasalongtimebeforehecanspoke.ThenhereferedtoChangshan,andknewtherewasreallyamancalledZhangdiedonthatday.Nineyearslater,hismotherreallydied.Afterhismother’sfuneral,MrSongtookashower,andgotinhisroom,died.MrSong’sfatherinlawlivedaroundthecity’swestdoor.HisfamilysuddenlysawMrSongwasinamagnificentuniform,followedbyateamofcarriagesandmen.Hevisitedhisfatherinlaw’shome,thenleft.Theywereallsurprised,didn’tknowhehadbecomeatowngod.Theyaskedaroundthevillage,andknewMrSonghadgone.MrSonghadhisautobiography,butwasn’thandedoverthewar.Thisisonlyamainidea.RecordofTranslationProcessTitleoftheText:考城隍SourceLanguage:中文TargetLanguage:英语SubjectoftheText:表现宋生的孝顺SupposedTargetReaders:（未知）FunctionoftheTargetText:让读者能够了解中国文化，尤其是孝ContentoftheText:城中一个叫宋涛的秀才，死后受到赏识，被任命为一方城隍。但出于对母亲的孝心，他恳求在母亲去世后在赴任。关底感动了，答应了他的请求。让他还阳。Style（registered）oftheText:神话小说Difficultiesintranslation:a.Preparatoryphase:查找改篇的现代汉语译文，发现古今有序有差别，所以不能直接对照汉语译文翻译。b.Duringtheprocess:1、中国古代较之国外复杂的家族亲属关系较难翻译，如：“予姊丈之祖宋公”2、古代专有名词，需要借助现代汉语理解，再翻译。如：“见吏人持牒”的“牒”3、中国古代诗歌向英文翻译很麻烦，如：“一人二人，有心无心。”本意是有两个人，一个故意，一个无意。但这样翻译显得过于冗杂，所以翻译成了whatifamandosomethingdeliberatelyorcarelessly.4、这篇古文有很多内容是关于死亡的，译文中的英语要注意用词。Solutions:1、亲属翻译可以查到，如”姊丈”译为brotherinlaw,岳父译为fatherinlaw古代专有名词先借助现代汉语理解，在翻译成对应的英语，如“牒”意思是通知，因为requisition4、避讳死亡的英语有很多，如：passawaygonebenomore等Dictionaries,glossariesandinternetresources:百度有道Timeneeded:两个小时汉翻英与传播中国文化汉