上海市上海中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

上海市上海中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试

题学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、单项选择MostoftheworldviewsfreedomofopinionasabasichumanrightandweChinesepeoplealsoconsiderit.A.assuchB.suchas C.asso D.soas【答案】A【详解】考查固定短语。句意：世界上大多数国家都认为言论自由是一项基本人权，我们中国人也这样认为。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语suchas作为（这样），assuch相当于asbasichumanrighto故选A项。Suchfearsoffailingthetestsyouhavearetotallyunnecessary.You'dbetterremovethemfromyourmind.A.that B.which C.as D.so【答案】C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你这样担心考试不及格是完全没有必要的。你最好把它们从你的脑海中抹去。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是fearsoffailingthetests,当先行词前有such修饰时，只能使用as引导定语从句。故选C。.Despiteeverymeanstounlockthesecretsofnature,therestillexistcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthatarenotfullyunderstood.A.hasbeentriedB.havebeentriedC.tried D.tries【答案】C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管人们试图用各种方法解开大自然的秘密，但昆虫的生命周期中仍有一些因素尚未完全了解。此处作后置定语，try与everymeans是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动、完成。故选C。AstheChinesesayinggoes,"Meatpieswon9tjustfallfromtheskyonhappenstobeluckyenoughtobelivingbelow.”C・whoeverD.whomeverA.who B.anyone

disasterareas,themoneytheyusecomesfromtaxpayers.Manyofusarealso38donors,sendingfundsdirectlyfromourownwalletstocharitableorganizations.Butinthepast10to15years,accusationsof39reliefeffortsandunuseddonationshavegeneratedconcernamongdonors.Theseconcernsarenot40;large-scaleinternationaldisasterreliefcanhavedrawbacksthatrangefromwastingresourcestoseriouslyunderminingC・whoeverD.whomeverOneofthebiggestchallengestodisasterreliefiscoordination（协调）.Afterdisasterstrikes,immediatenecessitiesareimportant,butwhatisthebestwayto41them?Unfortunately,pouringdonateditemsintoadisasterareacan42reliefefforts.Theirarrivalinlargenumberscancause“theseconddisaster”,43reliefworkerswithextraresponsibilitiesandtakinguppreciousspace.Thentherearetheconsequenteffectsof44fordonationsforsuddenbigemergencies.Aheartfeltexpressionoffeelingcanharmothercharitableeffortsbyredirectingfunds.The2007economicdecline,45hitUScharitablegivingwhichdidn'trecoveruntil2014.Insuchatimeofdonation46,increasingdonationstoadisasterareacantakefundsawayfromothereffortsthatmightbeabletouseitbetter.Ifcoordinationisgoodandimmediatereliefgoeswell,damagedcommunitiesmoveintothe47phase.Forindividuals,thisincludesreturningtowork,andrecollectingpersonalnetworks,allofwhichrequire48tobasicpublicservices.Thecharitablesupplyoftheseservicescanhave49consequences.Mostphilanthropic（慈善的）organizationswantto50theirrebuildingeffortswithlocalworkers.Thispracticeisbeneficialtoapost-disastereconomyasitprovidesa（n）51sourceofwages.Butifsalariesandworkstandardsofthesevisitingorganizationsarehigherthanthoseofferedintherecoveryarea,thesevisitorsendupcausinganinternal52 ,Topemployeesarenolongeravailableorwillingtoworkinthepublicsector.A.individualB.generousC,competentD.cautiousA.involuntaryB,desperateC.ill-intentionedA.individualB.generousC,competentD.cautiousA.involuntaryB,desperateC.ill-intentionedD.counterproductive40.A.reasonableB.unfoundedC.promptD.limited41.A.stZkeB.secureC.deliverD.pace42.A.renewB.resistC,demandD.slow43.A.overloadingB.supplyingC,chargingD.greeting44.A.votesB.appealsC,pressuresD.substitutes45.A.onthecontraryB.asaresultC.inthemeanwhileD.forexample46.A.fearB.boomC.scarcityD.change47.A.finalB.recoveryC.criticalD.distinct48.A.referenceB.attentionC.accessD.favor49.A.positiveB.immediateC.mixedD.uncertain50.A.staffB.benefitC,replaceD.survive51.A.externalB.reliableC-naturalD.solid52.A.weakeconomyB.【答案】unstablecommunityC.classprejudiceD.braindrain38.A39.D40.B41.C42.D43.A44.B45.D46.C47.B48.C49.C50.A51.A52.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述的是当灾难来袭时，外国援助和非政府组织会让事情变得更糟的原因。.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们中的许多人也是个人捐赠者，直接从自己的钱包里把钱捐给慈善组织。A.individual个体的；B.generous慷慨的；C.competent能干的;D.cautious谨慎的。根据后文“sendingfundsdirectlyfromourownwalletstocharitableorganizations.”可知，面对灾难我们中的许多人也是个人捐赠者。故选A。.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在过去的10到15年里，有关救灾工作适得其反和未使用的捐款的指责引起了捐助者的关注。A.involuntary不知不觉的；B.desperate绝望的；C.ill-intentioned恶意的；D.counterproductive事与愿违的。根据后文的"unuseddonations”可知，有关救灾工作适得其反和未使用的捐款的指责引起了捐助者的关注。故选D。.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些担忧并非毫无根据；大规模的国际救灾可能有一些缺点，从浪费资源到严重破坏地方政府。A.reasonable合理的；B.unfounded没有理由的；C.prompt迅速的，立刻的；D.limited有限的。根据后文“large-scaleinternationaldisasterreliefcanhavedrawbacksthatrangefromwastingresourcestoseriouslyundermining（削弱）localgovernments."可知，从浪费资源到严重破坏地方政府，引发了对大规模的国际救灾的一些担忧，即这种担忧并不是没有依据的。故选B。.考查动词词义辨析。句意：救灾面临的最大挑战之一是协调。灾难来袭后，紧急必需品很重要，但什么是运送这些必需品的最佳方式？A.strike敲击，袭击；B.secure使安全；C.deliver运输；D.pace踱步。根据前文“Afterdisasterstrikes,immediatenecessitiesareimportant”可知，救灾面临的最大挑战之一是协调。灾难来袭后，紧急必需品很重要，但什么是运送这些必需品的最佳方式？故选C。.考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，将捐赠物品倒入灾区可能会减缓救援工作。A.renew更新；B.resist抵抗；C.demand要求；D.slow减慢。根据后文“Theirarrivalinlargenumberscancause“theseconddisaster"”可知，大量捐赠物品的到来会减缓救援工作。故选D。.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的大量到来可能导致“第二次灾难”，使救援人员承担额外的责任，占用宝贵的空间。A.overloading超载；B.supply提供；C.charging管理，索费；D.greeting问候。根据前文“Theirarrivalinlargenumberscancause“theseconddisaster"”可知，他们的大量到来可能导致“第二次灾难”，使救援人员承担额外的责任，占用宝贵的空间。故选A。.考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后是为突发的重大紧急情况呼吁捐款的后续影响。A.votes投票；B.appeals呼吁；C.pressures压力；D.substitutes代替。根据后文的“fordonation.”可知，此处指呼吁捐款。故选B。.考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，2007年的经济衰退打击了美国的慈善捐赠，直至U2014年才恢复。A.onthecontrary相反；B.asaresult结果；C.inthemeanwhile同时；D.forexample例如。根据前文“The2007economicdecline,”以及后文的“hitUScharitablegivingwhichdidn'trecoveruntil2014.”可知，此处以2007年的经济衰退打击了美国的慈善捐赠，直到2014年才恢复为例，来进行说明。故选D。.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这样一个捐赠稀缺的时期，增加对灾区的捐赠可能会从其他可能更好地利用它的工作中抢走资金。A.fear害怕；B.boom繁荣；C.scarcity不足；D.change干煽。根据前文“The2007economicdecline,8,hitUScharitablegivingwhichdidn'trecoveruntil2014.”可知，在这样一个捐赠稀缺的时期，增加对灾区的捐赠可能会从其他可能更好地利用它的工作中抢走资金。故选Co.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果协调良好，立即救援进展顺利，受损社区就会进入恢复阶段。A.final最终的；B.recovery恢复；C.critical批判的；D.distinct不同的。根据前文“Ifcoordinationisgoodandimmediatereliefgoeswell”可知，如果协调良好，立即救援进展顺利，受损社区就会进入恢复阶段。故选B。.考查名词词义辨析。句意：对个人而言，这包括重返工作岗位和重新建立个人网络，所有这些都需要获得基本的公共服务。A.reference参考；B.attention注意力；C.access入口，通路；D.favor支持，喜欢。根据前文“Forindividuals,thisincludesreturningtowork,andrecollectingpersonalnetworksJ可知，对个人而言，这包括重返工作岗位和重新建立个人网络这些都需要获得基本的公共服务。故选C。.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些服务的慈善提供可能会产生复杂的后果。A.positive积极的；B.immediate立即的；C.mixed混合的,复杂的；D.uncertain不确定的。根据后文“Mostphilanthropic（慈善的）organizationswantto13theirrebuildingeffortswithlocalworkers.Thispracticeisbeneficialtoapost-disastereconomyasitprovidesa（n）14sourceofwages.Butifsalariesandworkstandardsofthesevisitingorganizationsarehigherthanthoseofferedintherecoveryarea,thesevisitorsendupcausinganinternal15.Topemployeesarenolongeravailableorwillingtoworkinthepublicsector.”可知，这些服务的慈善提供可能会产生复杂的后果即要么对当地的工人有利，要么，导致人才外流。故选C。.考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数慈善组织都希望为他们的重建工作配备当地工人。这种做法有利于灾后经济，因为它提供了一种外部工资来源。A.staff为……配备员工；B.benefit受益；C.replace代替；D.survive幸存。根据后文的“withlocalworkers.”可知，大多数慈善组织都希望为他们的重建工作配备当地工人。故选Ao.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种做法有利于灾后经济，因为它提供了一种外部工资来源。A.external外部的，外聘的；B.reliable可靠的;C.natural自然的；D.solid坚固的。根据前文“isbeneficialtoapost-disastereconomy”可知，这种做法有利于灾后经济，因为它提供了一种外部工资来源即将当地工人与重建工作相结合，为当地劳动力提供了一种外部的工资来源。故选A。.考查名词短语辨析。句意：但是，如果这些来访组织的工资和工作标准高于恢复区的水平，这些来访者最终会导致内部人才流失。A.weakeconomy经济不景气；B.unstablecommunity不稳定社会；C.classprejudice等级偏见；D.braindrain人才外流。根据前文“ifsalariesandworkstandardsofthesevisitingorganizationsarehigherthanthoseofferedintherecoveryareaJ可知，如果来访组织（慈善组织）的工资和工作标准高于恢复地区的工资和工作标准，则会导致内部人才流失，即不愿意留在当地工作，而出现人才流出现象。故选D。五、阅读理解Myfamilylosteverythinginthelittle-knownfloodofBatonRouge,LouisianalastyearthattheRedCrosscalledthe“WorstUSdisastersinceHurricaneSandy.”Itbeganraininginmid-August.Thenitrainedsomemore,gotmorepowerful,anddidn'tstopfordays.Therewastalkthatthelocalriversweregoingtocrest（至U达顶点）andcausesomeprettyseriousflooding.WelivedsomewhatclosetotheAmiteRiver,butourseniorneighborstoldusthatourneighborhoodhadn'tfloodedinover100years.Localnewssaidthatthenearbyhighschoolmaygetalittlebitofwaterinsidefromtherisingriver.Wethoughtwehadacoupleofdaystoplanonhowweweregoingtoshelterinplacebecauseoftheweatherforecast.Onthe13thofAugustIwokeup,walkedoutsideandheadedtowardthedirectionoftheriver.Someofthelowerareaswerecollectingwaterbuttherewasnostandingwateranywherenearmyhouseorevenmyneighborhood.Iwentbackhomeandtoldmywifeweshouldprobablygetsomesuppliesincasethisgotserious;thatmaybeweshouldevenpackacarincaseweneededtoleavethoughIwasfairlycertaintherewasnothingtoworryabout.About30minutesintoslowlypackingtherewasaloudbangingonmyfrontdoor.Itwasmywife'scousin.Iopenedthedoorandshesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?!Getoutofthehouse!”Ilookedbehindherandnoticedmyentireyardunderwaterandthewaterlineonlyaboutahalf-inchfromgoingovermydoorstepandintomyhouse.Iwasfloored.Theriverwasn'tsupposedtocrestuntilthenextday.Ithoughtwehadmoretime.Iyelledatmywife,4tWehavetogetoutofthehouse.Now!”Wepackedupbothourcarsinabout10minuteswithonlyourmostpreciousmemories.Everythingelsewehadbuiltduringa10-yearmarriagewasleftbehind.Weevacuatedabout5mileseastawayfromtherivertomywife'sgrandmothers.Afterbeingthereforaboutanhoursomeonecametothefrontdoorandsaid,“Youguysnedtogetout.Theriveriscoming.^^Sureenough,heryardwasfloodingtoo.Weevacuatedasecondtimeinasmanyhourstohercousin'shouseevenfurthereast.Afteronlyanhourweweretoldagainthattheriverwasonthewayandwehadtoleave..Theauthorrealizedthearrivalofthefloodwhen.therainstartedtofallheavilyandnon-stopthenearbyhighschoolwasslightlyaffectedtherewasstandingwaterinsomelowerareashewasinformedbyhiswife'scousinatthedoor.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"Iwasfloored“inthe6thparagraph?Hewasclamenoughtocopewiththeflood.B・Hebecametrappedbytherisingfloodwater.Hewasshockedbytheearlyarrivaloftheflood.Helosthistemperwithhiswifeforbeingunprepared..Fromthestory,whatdoweknowabouttheauthor'sevacuation?Hedidn'ttakeactionimmediatelydespitehisneighbor'swarning.B・Hetrustedtheweatherforecastsothathepreparedhimselfinadvance.Heandhiswifebroughtsomesuppliesandvaluablebelongingswiththem.Hewasforcedtoleavethetemporaryhomesagainandagaintoavoiddanger.56.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.MutualSupportinDisasters B.BatonRougeFloodingHowtoSurviveaFlood D.MethodsofPredictingFloods【答案】53.D54.C55.D56.B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了去年，在路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日那场鲜为人知的洪水中，作者的家人失去了一切，红十字会称之为“自飓风桑迪以来美国最严重的灾难”。.细节理解题。根据第五段“About30minutesintoslowlypackingtherewasaloudbangingonmyfrontdoor.Itwasmywife'scousin.Iopenedthedoorandshesaid,"Whatareyoudoing?!Getoutofthehouse!^^Ilookedbehindherandnoticedmyentireyardunderwaterandthewaterlineonlyaboutahalf-inchfromgoingovermydoorstepandintomyhouse.（在我慢慢收拾行李大约30分钟后，我的前门传来了砰的一声巨响。是我妻子的堂姐。我打开门，她说：“你在干什么？！快离开这个房子！“我看了看她身后，发现我的整个院子都被水淹没了，水线只差半英寸就能越过我的门阶，进入我的房子）”可知,当作者在门口接到他妻子的堂姐的通知时，他意识到洪水要来了。故选D。.词句猜测题。根据划线句下文“Theriverwasn'tsupposedtocrestuntilthenextday.Ithoughtwehadmoretime.（预计河水要到第二天才会上涨。我以为我们有更多的时间）''及第七段“Iyelledatmywife,"Wehavetogetoutofthehouse.Now!''（我对妻子喊道：“我们必须离开这个房子。现在！”户可推知，面对提前到来的洪水，作者非常震惊。由此可知，作者说“Iwasfloored.”意思是“洪水提前到来使他感到震惊:故选C。.细节理解题。根据第八段中的"Weevacuatedabout5mileseastawayfromtherivertomywife'sgrandmothers.（我们从河边向东疏散了5英里，去找我妻子的祖母）”和第九段“Afterbeingthereforaboutanhoursomeonecametothefrontdoorandsaid,“Youguysnedtogetout.Theriveriscoming."（在那里呆了大约一个小时后，有人来到前门说:“你们得出去了。河水来了。及最后一段"Weevacuatedasecondtimeinasmanyhourstohercousin'shouseevenfurthereast.Afteronlyanhourweweretoldagainthattheriverwasonthewayandwehadtoleave.（我们在两个小时内第二次疏散到她表亲的房子，甚至在更东边。仅仅过了一个小时，我们又被告知河在路上，我们必须离开）“可知，作者为了躲避危险，被迫一次又一次地离开临时住所。故选D。.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Myfamilylosteverythinginthelittle-knownfloodofBatonRouge,LouisianalastyearthattheRedCrosscalledthe"WorstUSdisastersinceHurricaneSandyT（去年，在路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日那场鲜为人知的洪水中，我的家人失去了一切，红十字会称之为“自飓风桑迪以来美国最严重的灾难及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者一家在巴吞鲁日洪水期间的经历。由此可知，BatonRougeFlooding（巴吞鲁日洪水）适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。“BlackBlizzard（暴风雪［byMaurineV.ElederThissuspensefulstoryfollowstwoyounggirls,athomealone,whenaduststormarises.Despitetheiryoungage,BettyandMaryAnnquicklytakeactionwhenthesevereduststormhits.Theybegintakingmeasurestoblockthedustfromcomingintothehouse,whichwouldmaketheairunbreathable.Althoughtheyarefrightened,theytakecomfortthinkingtheycanjustwaitoutthestorminsidetheirhome.Unfortunately,Bettyrealizesherbelovedhorseiscaughtoutinthe“blackblizzard."Onewrongmoveintheblindingstorm,andFancifootcouldinjurehimself-orworse.BettyfacesthedifficultdecisionofleavingheryoungersistertobravethestormorriskingFancifbot'slifetoremaininsafetyTeacherscouldusethistexttoteachthehistoryoftheDustBowlofthe1930sortoteachthesciencebehindthecausesandeffectsofsoilerosion.“TornadoComing!byDickDonleyIfyourstudentslovethenail-bitingtale"BlackBlizzard,"they'lllove"TornadoComing!”aswell.Becausethisstoryincludesatornado,ayoungkid,asmalldog,andastrangeneighbor,youmightberemindedofanothertaleyou'vereadbefore.However,therearenotalkingscarecrows（稻草人）orflyingmonkeysinthisstory!MattishomealonewithBusterwhenhehearsthesiren（警报）warningofatornado.Mentallytickingthroughthesafetytipshelearnedinschool,Mattheadsforthestormcellar（防风地窖）withthetornadoformingathisback.Withonlymomentstospare,Mattrealizeshemustleavehislittledoginthesafetyofthestormcellartoruntotheaidofhisunpleasantneighbor,Mrs.Laney.Afterthestormpasses,Mattdoesn'twakeuptofindhimselfinAustralia;however,hedoesfindhimselfinaprettyoddplace.Thistextweaveshelpfultornadosafetymeasuresthroughoutanarrativestory.Foracreativefollow-upactivity,teacherscouldassigndifferentnaturaldisasterstosmallgroupsforresearch.Then,groupscouldusetheirresearchandthemodeltext"TornadoComing!,,toincorporatesafetytipswithintheirownshortstoriesabouttheirassignednaturaldisaster..Thetargetreadersofthispassageareteacherswho.wanttohelpstudentslearnaboutnaturaldisasterstakeaninterestinstoresrelatedtonaturaldisastershavetheneedtoequipchildrenwithsafetymeasuresarelookingfbrinvitingandinspiringchildren'sstories58.Wecanlearnfromthetextsthat.BettyandMaryaretooyoungtofightagainstthestormaloneBettyistombetweensavingFancifdot'slifeandprotectingMaryMattoffersMrs.LaneytimelyhelpatthecostoflosinghislittledogStudentscanaddsafetytipsforothernaturaldisastersto"TornadoComing!^^59.Whatdothetwobookshaveincommon?Bothinvolveanaturaldisaster,littlekids,ananimalandaneighbor.Theytouchuponthethemeofcaringforothersandself-reliance.Helpfulsafetymeasuresarehighlightedinthenarratives.Themaincharacterssufferpainandfaceadilemma.【答案】57.A58.B59.B【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了两本关于自然灾害以及分析其背后原理和防范的书。.推理判断题。根据“8/ac4衰"雪TbyMaurineV.Eleder中“TeacherscouldusethistexttoteachthehistoryoftheDustBowlofthe1930sortoteachthesciencebehindthecausesandeffectsofsoilerosion.”（教师可以用这本书来教授20世纪30年代沙尘暴的历史，或者教授土壤侵蚀的原因和影响背后的科学。）以及"TbsadoCom山g!”byDickDonley中“Foracreativefollow-upactivity,teacherscouldassigndifferentnaturaldisasterstosmallgroupsforresearch."（作为创造性的后续活动，教师可以将不同的自然灾害分配给小组进行研究。）可推知，这篇文章的目标读者是想帮助学生了解自然灾害的教师。故选A项。.细节理解题。根据"BlackBlizzard（暴风雪）"byMaurineV.Eleder中“Unfortunately,Bettyrealizesherbelovedhorseiscaughtoutinthe“blackblizzard.^^Onewrongmoveintheblindingstorm,andFancifootcouldinjurehimself-orworse.BettyfacesthedifficultdecisionofleavingheryoungersistertobravethestormorriskingFancifbofslifetoremaininsafety."（不幸的是，贝蒂意识到她心爱的马被困在“黑色暴风雪”中。在眩目的风暴中，范富特只要走错一步，就可能伤到自己——甚至更糟。贝蒂面临着一个艰难的决定，是离开她的妹妹去勇敢地面对暴风雨，还是冒着范富特的生命危险去保持安全。）可知，从文本中我们可以了解到，贝蒂在拯救范富特的生命和保护玛丽之间左右为难。故选B项。.细节理解题。根据"BlackBlizzard（暴风雪MaurineV.Eleder中“Despitetheiryoungage,BettyandMaryAnnquicklytakeactionwhenthesevereduststormhits.Theybegintakingmeasurestoblockthedustfromcomingintothehouse,whichwouldmaketheairunbreathable."（尽管年纪还小，贝蒂和玛丽・安在严重的沙尘暴来袭时迅速采取了行动。他们开始采取措施阻止灰尘进入房子，这会使空气无法呼吸。）和“BettyfacesthedifficultdecisionofleavingheryoungersistertobravethestormorriskingFancifbofslifetoremaininsafety.”（贝蒂面临着一个艰难的决定，是离开她的妹妹去勇敢地面对暴风雨，还是冒着范富特的生命危险去保持安全。）以及"TornadoComing!"byDickDonley中“Mentallytickingthroughthesafetytipshelearnedinschool,Mattheadsforthestormcellar（防风地窖）withthetornadoformingathisback.Withonlymomentstospare,Mattrealizeshemustleavehislittledoginthesafetyofthestormcellartoruntotheaidofhisunpleasantneighbor,Mrs.Laney「（马特在脑海中回想着他在学校学到的安全提示，他向风暴地窖走去，龙卷风正在他身后形成。就在最后一刻，马特意识到他必须把他的小狗留在防风地窖的安全地带，去帮助他讨厌的邻居兰尼夫人。）可知，这两本书的共同之处是它们都谈到了关心他人和自力更生的主题。故选B项。Here'showthePacificNorthwestispreparingfbr“TheBigOne”.It'sthemotherofalldisasterdrillsforwhatcouldbetheworstdisasterinAmericanhistory.Californiahasspentyearspreparingfbr“TheBigOne”——theinevitableearthquakethatwillundoubtedlybringaboutallkindsofdamagealongthefamousSanAndreasfault.ButwhatifthefaultthatrunsalongthePacificNorthwestdeliversagiganticearthquakeofitsown?IfthepeopleoftheCascadiaregionhaveanythingtodowithit,theywon'tbecaughtunawares.Theregionisengagedinamulti-dayearthquake-and-tsunamidrillinvolvingaround20,000people.TheCascadiaRisingdrillgivesarearesidentsandemergencyrespondersachancetopracticewhattodoincaseofa9.0-magnitudeearthquakeandtsunamialongoneofthenation'sdangerousandunderestimatedfaults.TheCascadiaEarthquakeZoneisbigenoughtocompetewithSanAndreas（it'sbeencalledthemostdangerousfaultinAmerica）,butit'smuchlesserknownthanitsCaliforniacousin.Nearly700mileslong,theearthquakezoneislocatedbytheNorthAmericanPlateoffthecoastofPacificBritishColumbia.Washington,OregonandNorthernCalifornia.Cascadiaiswhat'sknownasa“megathrust“fault.Megathrustsarecreatedinsubductionzones（俯冲带）一platetectonic（板块构造）boundarieswheretwoplatesconverge（相交）.Intheareaswhereoneplateisbeneathanother,stressbuildsupovertime.Duringamegathrustevent,allofthatstressreleasesandsomeoftheworld'smostpowerfulearthquakeoccur.Rememberthe9.IearthquakeandtsunamiintheIndianOceanoffSumatrain2004?ItwascausedbyamegathrusteventastheIndiaplatemovedbeneaththeBurmamicro-plate.ThelasttimeamajorearthquakeoccurredalongtheCascadiafaultwasin1700,soofficialsworrythatanothereventcouldoccuranytime.Topreventthateventfrombecomingaseveredisaster,firstresponderswilljoinmembersofthepublicinrehearsalsthatinvolvecommunication,evacuation,searchandrescue,andotherpossiblesituations.Thousandsofcasualties（伤亡人员）areexpectedifa9.0earthquakeweretooccur.First,theearthquakewouldshakemetropolitanareasincludingSeattleandPortland.Thiscouldcauseatsunamithatwouldcreatedamagealongthecoast.Notallcasualtiescannecessarilybeprevented-butbycoordinatingacrosslocal,state,andevennationalborders,officialshopethattheworst-casesituationcanbeprevented.Ontheexercise'swebsite,officialsexplainthatthereporttheyprepareduringthisrehearsalwillinformdisastermanagementforyearstocome.ForhundredsofthousandsofCascadiaresidents,"TheBigOne"isn'taquestionofif,【答案】c【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：正如古语所言，“填上的肉馅饼不会碰巧掉在下面哪位幸运儿的头上（天上不会掉馅饼）:分析句子，设空处引导宾语从句作介词on的宾语，引导词在从句中作主语，意为“无论谁”故用whoever。故选C。Onthepleasantshoreofthecity,abouthalfwaybetweenMarseillesandtheItalianboarder,alargenumberofoaktrees.A.stand B.stands C.doesstand D.standingare【答案】A【详解】考查全部倒装。句意：在这座城市宜人的海岸上，大约在马赛和意大利边境的中间，矗立着大量的橡树。方位介词短语位于句首时，后面使用全部倒装结构，动词与后面的主语保持一致，本句主语是alargenumberofoaktrees,谓语动词使用复数形式，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故选A。Nomatterhowfrequently,theplaysofShakespearestillattractpeopleworldwide.A.beingperformed B.tobeperformedC.itItwassadtothevolunteerthatthefarmers,sopoorthemselves,bringhimfood.A.might B.would C.should D.could【答案】CItwassadtothevolunteerthatthefarmers,sopoorthemselves,bringhimfood.A.might B.would C.should D.could【答案】C【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：让这位志愿者感到难过的是，这些农民自己那么很穷，竟然给他带来了食物。A.might可能；B.would会；C.should竟然；D.could可以。根据句中“sopoorthemselves"和“bringhimfood”可推知，作者对农民的做法感到惊奇，应用情态动词should,表示“竟然”。故选C项。Inhistime,heenjoyedareputationinmusic.A.asgreatasMozart,ifnotgreaterthanB.asgreat,ifnotgreater,asMozart【答案】D【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：无论莎士比亚的戏剧演出多么频繁，它仍然吸引着全世界的人们。此处是让步状语从句，当让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词，完整句子为NomatterhowfrequentlytheplaysofShakespeareperformed,theplaysofShakespearestillattractpeopleworldwide.省略theplaysofShakespeareare,保留过去分词。故选D。onlywhen.Andit'snevertooearlytogetreadyfortheinevitable.Whatdoes“TheBigOne"referto?AgiganticgeologicalfaultinAmerica.B・Alarge-scaledrilltopreparefordisasters.Amassiveanddestructivenaturaldisaster.Massdestructioncausedbytheearthquake.WhatisthepurposeoftheCascadiaRisingdrill?Topreparepeopleforamajorearthquakeandtsunami.Toincreaseresidents9awarenessofupcomingdisasters.Toteachpeoplenowhowadapttopost-disasterlife.Tocopewiththeaftermathofapossibleearthquake.Whathappensincaseofamegathrustearthquakeaccordingtothepassage?A.Twoplatesmergeintoone. B.Avarietyofforcesconverge.C.Boundariesblurbetweenplates. D.Enormousstressisreleased.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Alarge-scaledrillissupposedtopreventdeathsintheearthquake.SanAndreasfaultoncedelivereda9.1earthquakeintheIndianOcean.NomassiveearthquakeisexpectedtostrikeCaliforniainthenearfuture.Disaster-reliefeffortsatdifferentlevelsmayhelpreducepossiblelosses.【答案】60.C61.A62.D63.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了卡斯卡迪亚地区的人们正在为有可能发生的地震和海啸做防范演习。.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Californiahasspentyearspreparingfbr“TheBigOne^^一theinevitableearthquakethatwillundoubtedlybringaboutallkindsofdamagealongthefamousSanAndreasfault.ButwhatifthefaultthatrunsalongthePacificNorthwestdeliversagiganticearthquakeofitsown?IfthepeopleoftheCascadiaregionhaveanythingtodowithit,theywon*becaughtunawares."（力口州已经为“大地震''做了多年的准备 这场不可避免的地震无疑会给著名的圣安德烈亚斯断层带来各种破坏。但如果沿太平洋西北方向的断层本身也引发了一场大地震呢？如果卡斯卡迪亚地区的人与此事有关，他们不会措手不及的。）可推知，“BigOne”指的是一场大规模的破坏性自然灾害。故选C项。.细节理解题。根据第二段中“TheCascadiaRisingdrillgivesarearesidentsandemergencyrespondersachancetopracticewhattodoincaseofa9.O-magnitudeearthquakeandtsunamialongoneofthenation'sdangerousandunderestimatedfaults.9,（卡斯卡迪亚提升演练为当地居民和应急人员提供了一一次机会，让他们练习如何应对美国危险的断层带可能发生的9.0级地震和海啸）可知，卡斯卡迪亚提升演习的目的是什么让人们为大地震和海啸做好准备。故选A项。.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Megathrustsarecreatedinsubductionzones—platetectonicboundarieswheretwoplatesconverge（相交）.Intheareaswhereoneplateisbeneathanother,stressbuildsupovertime.Duringamegathrustevent,allofthatstressreleasesandsomeoftheworld'smostpowerfulearthquakeoccur."（巨型逆冲构造形成于俯冲带 两个板块交汇的板块构造边界。在一个板块在另一个板块下面的区域，压力会随着时间的推移而增加。在一次大型逆冲活动中，所有的压力都会释放，世界上最强烈的地震就会发生。）可知，根据文章，如果发生特大逆冲地震，巨大的压力将被释放。故选D项。.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Notallcasualtiescannecessarilybeprevented-butbycoordinatingacrosslocal,state,andevennationalborders,officialshopethattheworst-casesituationcanbeprevented."（并不是所有的伤亡都可以避免，但通过地方、州甚至国家边界的协调，官员们希望可以避免最坏的情况。）以及最后一段“ForhundredsofthousandsofCascadiaresidents,"TheBigOne"isn'taquestionofif,onlywhen.Andit'snevertooearlytogetreadyfortheinevitable.,,（对于成千上万的卡斯卡迪亚居民来说，“大地震”不是会不会发生的问题，而是何时发生的问题。为不可避免的事情做好准备永远不会太早。）可推知，不同层次的救灾努力可能有助于减少可能的损失。故选D项。六、六选四Cooltobekind:beingniceisgoodforussowhydon'twealldoitWhatisit,exactly,thatmakesuskind?TheKindnessTestsuggeststhatpeoplewhoreceive,giveorevenjustnoticemoreactsofkindnesstendtoexperiencehigherlevelsofwell-beingandlifesatisfaction.64 .Andnearly60%participantsclaimedtohavereceivedanactofkindnessintheprevious24hours."Itisabigpartofhumannature,tobekind-becauseit'ssuchabigpartofhowweconnectwithpeopleandhowwehaverelationships/9saysClaudiaHammond,theleadingresearcher.Itiswin-win,becausewenotonlylikereceivingkindness,butwealsolikebeingkind.65 .Becausewehaveevolvedtohaveempathy,wehavemanyhiddenreasonsforbeingkind.Thechiefoneisthatitmakesusfeelgood.Peoplewhohavebeentoldtheyshouldbekindarenaturallymorelikelytonoticeopportunitiestobekind:"Theyhaveexpectations.Then,theytakeaction/9shesays.Thismaybeoneofthereasonswhywomenwhofilledinthestudy'sonlinequestionnaireweremorelikelytoreportbeingkind,receivingkindnessandseeingkindness.Womenmayfeelthattheyoughttoreportperformingactsofkindness.66 .Forthisreason,Hammondquestionshowmuchgirlsarestereotypicallybeingtaughtatayoungage,tobecaring一andwhetherthatputsanunequalamountofpressureongirlstobekindastheygrowup.Overall,thestudysuggeststhegreatestpredictorofkindnessisnotyourgender,butyourpersonality.Peoplewhoscoredhighonextraversion（夕卜向T生），opennesstonewexperiencesandagreeablenessself-reportedgivingandreceivingmorekindness,asdidpeoplewhotalkingtostrangers.67 .Itisbecausecaringforpeopleisanactivitytraditionallyconsideredtobetypicalofwomen.Itissometimesusedtoshutwomendownfromtalkingbecausethey'vegotto'bekind'.Thereasonforthismaysimplybethatthesepeoplehavemoreconfidencetobekind.Yourreligiousbeliefsandyourvaluessystemalsohelptodeterminehowkindyouare.Also,two-thirdsofpeopleinthestudythinkthepandemichasmad