考研复试肿瘤试题专业英语

结外器官或组织的局部侵犯（IIE。（III（IIIES平持续8周。差强（tumorsitu（ATLSG1G2（mg/m2.wk（SVCS（AFP（CEA（PSA（NSE（HCG（VMA抗原、早期抗原抗体（VCA、EA-IgA，鼻咽癌。质量，康复、止痛。方法：研究合理治疗方案，进行康复指导，加强锻炼，合理饮食，止痛。完全缓解（CR4部分缓解（PR4好转（MR）25%以上，但<50%，病变进展（PD25%，或出现新病灶。总缓解率：CR+PR。不可测量的病变CR：所有的症状、体征完全消失至少4周。PR：估计肿瘤大小减少50%或大于的变化比较缓慢，所以判定NC至少在开始治疗的第8周后。PD提高内科治疗效果的策略：寻找新作用机制的新药发展已知药物高效低毒的衍生物；克服耐药（ⅠE（ⅡE（ⅢS（ⅢE（ⅢSE制性毒性；适应证广，效果确切，广泛应用于综合治疗。适应证管癌瘘道；外周血像过低WBC<3×109/L；PLT<80×109/L。原则：目的明确、安排合理、或成分血。出血：是恶性肿瘤常见并发症，也是致死的主要原因之一。原因：1.肿瘤本身所致：放疗：对大多数恶性抗癌药物的分类：1细胞增殖动力学分类：1)细胞周期非特异性药物(cellcyclenonspecificCCSA)，如紫杉醇、健择。2药理学分类：1)2）抗代谢药：氟尿嘧啶、卡莫氟、吉西他滨。3）抗肿瘤抗生素：阿霉素、丝裂霉素、柔红霉素。4）抗每周1次；注意观察出血倾向；避免服用阿司匹林或含阿司匹林的药物；必要时输血小板成分血；：碱性磷酸酶↑癌胚抗原甲胎蛋白X透视、平片、特殊XX透视、平片、特殊X放射性核素显像 1 肿瘤标志物2、多药耐药性3、广泛切除术4、姑息性放疗5新辅助化(MDR)现象。研究发现这和多药耐药基因(mdr－1mdrp)及由1 41.肾小管与肾小神经系 前角细 轴索退 神经病 长春花生物性 生殖细胞

再生停止或退 不育症、乳房女性 烷化剂、甲基苄免疫功能抑 烷化剂、甲基苄畸形发 烷化剂、抗代谢肿瘤（包括白血病发生 烷化剂、甲基苄3 4 5 色体重排，4.启动子插入。 2 失控的原因。原癌基因大多数是正常细胞生长所必需的生长因子及其受体，由于发生基因峰在40~45岁以后，所以相应地肿瘤发病率和死亡率也有增高。鼻咽癌、Hodgkin(H.pylori，Hp)也识，开始了针对细胞受体、关键基因和调控分子为靶点的治疗，人们称之为“靶向治疗 Conditions& Brain Carcinoma, Carcinoma,basal Carcinoma, Carcinoma, Carcinoma,squamous Carcinoma,transitional Embryonal Irradiation Marrow Myeloma, Neoplasm NephroblastomaWilm’s Neurogenic Osteogenic Reticulumcell Stagingof Staging, Tumour, Tumour, Tumour, Investigations,Treatment& Adjuvant BenceJones Biopsy,aspiration Biopsy, Biopsy, Biopsy, Body Cancer Cancer Carcino-embryonic Counter, Counter,whole External Filling Film Frozen Half Interstitial Intracavitary Linear Operation, Operation, Plant Radiation Radioactive Radiological Radiotherapy,after- Radiotherapy,pre- Scintillation Tracer glandAdenoma腺瘤(xianFatzhiLipoma脂肪瘤(zhifangMusclejiMyoma肌瘤(jiCarcinomaaiOsteomaguOsteosarcomaguroulymphtissue淋巴组织（linbeLymphoma淋巴瘤(linbaaAddingtheSuffixoma(aswelling)toanorganortissueWordRootsmakesitatumor瘤Aphysicianwhospecializesinthediagnosis,treatmentandmonitoringofCarcinomaaiaiCarcinomaisthemostcommonformofcancer.Thiscancerdevelopsfromepitheliaorlineabodycavity,suchastheglandularliningofstomach).Somenamesfortumorsofthistypewouldbe:Carcinomaoftheprostateqianliexianliuke)Hepatocellularcarcinoma肝细胞癌(ganxibaoai)Arareformofcancerthatarisesfromconnectiveandsupportivetissues,suchasthatseeninthebonemarrowgusuimuscle,andlymphaticslinbaxitong)Osteosarcoma(malignancyofbone)骨肉瘤(gurouliu),multiplemyelomadoesnotalwaysappearinthenameasinthesecondexample.Literally,theMalignantvs.Benignexpressionmeans“evil”versus“good”.Malignantisthetermusedwhenacanceroramedicalconditionhasthepotentioaltobecomelifethreatingorterminal.Benign,ontheotherhand,meansthatthediseaseisnotfatal.Advancedmalignancyjieqindeiswhenacanceriswelldeveloped.ThecancerdegeneratestuihuainresponsetoradiationCancerisslowtorespondormaynotrespondatalltoradiationTheplacementofcancerinotherorgansortissuesotherthentheorigin起源(qiyuaniscalledmetastasisandthetravelingofthecancertootherareasofthebodytoformnewtumorsistermedMetastasizezhuanyiThisInvasive入ruqindequalityofatumortospreadintosurroundingorgansisamanordifferentiationbetweenmalignantandbenign.InremissionmianThisisthetermthatindicatesatimeperiodofholdingthecancerincheck被阻止(.beizuzhi).RelapsebuCarcinogensarecancer-causingagents.Broadcategoriesincluderadiation.virusesarecarcinogensandexcessiveradiationexposure.Environmentalchemicalsfoundintobaccosmokeandautomotiveexhaust,toxicemissionsfromfactorysmokestacks,andasbestosexposurecanbecarcinogeniczhiaiwucauseofcervical子宫颈的(zigongjingde)cancer.Repeatedlowdosesofradiationtherapythatallowahighertotal.toanemiapinxieandcanbeatanincreasedriskforinfectiousdiseaseschuanranbingduetothereducednumberofleucocytesbaixieChemotherapeuticagentshuaxueliaoChemotherapyhuaxueliaofahasthegoalofkillingorstoppingthedevelopmentofrapidlydividingcells.ExamplesareCisplatin,Carboplatin,Bleomycinbolaimeisu5-fluorouraci5funiaomiding),anSincethesamemechanismthatkillsamalignantcellorblocksdevelopmentofamalignantcellcanhavesimilareffectsonanormal,rapidlydividingcell,anyoftheseagentscanhavebadsideeffects.Someformsofcancertreatedwithchemotherapymaycausethecancerto“disappear”forawhilealthoughnotcuredandthepatientmaybesymptomfreesometimesformonthsoryears.Malignantmelanomaexingheisu"blackmolecancer"isthenamegiventothemostdangerousformofskincancer皮pifuaiitismalignantmelanomaexingheisuliuThereasonmelanomaissodangerousisthatonceitgrowstoacertainthickness,itmetastasizesthroughoutthebody.Afterthemelanomahasspreadtotheinternalorgansthereislittlethatcanbedoneanddeathfollowsshortlyafter.Thistypeofcancertendstooccurinmenandwomenintheprimeoftheirliveszuichude),青春(qingchun),精华(jinghua).AdjuvanttherapyfuzhuliaoAftersurgicalremovalofthecancerthereareadditionaltreatments,whichmayincludechemotherapy,radiation,orcombinationofboth.Destroyingmalignanttissuebyfreezingitwithacoldprobe.Oftenusedforsofttissuesliketheliver.Thistermmeans“lightning”inLatin.Malignanttissuedestroyedwithanelectrocautery电烙术(dianlaoshu)instrument.ExcisionalBiopsyqiechuhuazujijianRemovaloftumorandasafemarginofnormaltissueishowanexcisionalbiopsyisperformed.Canbecurativeformanycancersifdonebeforemetastases活组织检huozujijianchahuozujiqiepianjiancha).EnblocresectionqingshaoRemovalofthetumorandalargeamou