翻译理论全面总结8944

1.

2.

P6

,

.P21/P14

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P25

P27

readable

.P36/p45

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7.

p60

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P101

8.

.

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:T.H.Huxley:EvolutionandEthicsandotherEssays.

:A.Smith,inquiryintotheNatureandCauseofWealthofNations

:H.SpencerStudyofSociology,

:JohnStuartMill,SystemofLogic.

p112

C.D.S.Montesquieu,L'espritdesLois.

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.p113

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11.

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.1954

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1954

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12.

1982

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1946

1953

1959

1978

P161

13.

14.

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"p166

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P168/p374

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p169

16.

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"1951

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p190

18.

1985

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P162

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p200

19.Cicero

:Severalthousandsyearsago,Cicerodidnotthinkitnecessarytotranslate

wordforword,hepreservedthegeneralstyleandforceofthelanguage,hedidnotbelieveitwas

hisdutytocountoutwordstothereaderlikecoins,butrathertopaythembyweightasitwere.

AeschinesDemosthenes

Itranslatedthemostfamousspeechesofthetwomosteloquent.Attic

orators,AeschinesandDemosthenes,andIdidnottranslatethemliterally

Cicero'stranslatingofancientGreekspeechesischaracterizedbytranslatingasan

orator.p219

butasanorator

20.SaintJerome

P220

aimedattranslatingsense,notwords.

21.A.F.Tytler

wouldthereforedescribedagoodtranslantiontobeThat,inwhichthemeritoftheoriginal

workissocompletelytransfusedintoanotherlanguage,astobeasdistinctlyapprehended,andas

stronglyfelt,byanatureofthecountrytowhichthatlanguagebelongs,asitisbythosewhospeak

thelanguageoftheoriginalworkHethoughttheprinciplesoftranslationincludedallthe

followingI,ThattheTranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginal

work.II,Thatthestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterwiththatofthe

original.III,ThattheTranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoforiginalcomposition.

P228

22.TheodoreSavory.

p237

1).IntheArtofTranslation,hethoughtthatthetranslatorofthewordthuschosenhasto

decideonthenearestequivalent,takingintoconsiderationallthefollowing,I.Theprobable

thoughtsoftheauthorII.Theprobablefeelingsoftheauthor'sreadersandofhisownreadersIII

Theperiodinhistoryinwhichtheauthorlived.

2).Translation,thesurmountingoftheobstacle,ismadepossiblebyanequivalenceof

thoughtwhichliesbehindthedifferentverbalexpressionsofathought.Nodoubtthisequivalence

3

istraceabletothefactthatmenofallnationsbelongtothesamespecies.

3).AccordingtoTheodoreSavory,atranslatormustaskhimself:I.Whatdoestheauthorsay?

II.Whatdoeshemean?III.Howdoeshesayit?

ArtofTranslation

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P238

23.

a.

b.

c.

d.

.

P270

24.

(

)

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"theoldestabolitionistintheHouse

ofCommons"abolitionist

p281

25.

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a.

e.

b.

c.

d.

P287

26.EugeneA.Nida

owngenius.

andCharlesR.Taber

emphasizethateachlanguagehasits

Tocommunicateeffectivelyonemustrepectthe

Topreservethe

geniusofeachlanguage.

contentofthemessagetheformmustbechanged.

"

""ifalllanguagesdifferin

form,thenquitenaturallytheformsmustbealteredifoneistopreservethecontent.p302

27.GeorgeSteinerthoughtthatparaphraseisthetureroadforthetranslator.

Throughparaphrasethespiritofanauthormaybetransfused,andyetnotlost.Thetrueroadfor

4

thetranslatorliesneitherthroughmetaphrase

norimitation

Itisthatofparaphrase

p312

ortranslationwithlatitude

.

P102

28.

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P332

29.

P335

30.WhentalkaboutthequestionofthePartandtheWhole,theEnglishphilosopher

Wittgensteinsaidthemeaningofawordisitsuseinthelanguage.p344

31.SolAdler"Completelysmash"isatypicalChinglish,"buildinto"isChinglish

too.SolAdler

andtemporal

frequentlythanwedoinEnglish.

Youusespatial

adverbs,andspatialandtemporaladverbialphrases,more

"Chinglish

isthemostimportantanddifficultproblemintranslationp362

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p71

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---

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P352

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36.

37."

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p210

.P249

"

"Thoughmywriting

resemblesanuglymonster,itactuallylooksalittlebetterwithoutanyembellishment."

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.P337

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P290

41.

-Ladameauxcamellias,

RobinsonCrusoe,

David

Gulliver'sTravels,

OliverTwist,

TalesfromShakespeare,

UncleTom'sCarbinp121

Copperfield,

42.

1TheQuestionofthePartandtheWhole

"Thechoiceofwordsinasentenceaswellasthesentenceitselfisaffectedbywhat

goesbeforeorcomesafter.""Thewholeismadeofthepart.Themeaningofthepartisdetermined

bythatofthewhole.Naturally,thepartandthewholearerelativeterms.Sometimesaphraseor

clauseorsentenceformsthewhole.Butatothertimestheyoftenformonlyapartofthewhole."

InhisbookentitledBetter

EnglishG.H.Vallinssaysthat"Wordscannotbetreatedinisolation.AndastheEnglish

philosopherWittgensteinsaid"Themeaningofawordisitsuseinthelanguage"

Thewholeis

madeofthepart.Themeaningofthepartisdeterminedbythatofthewhole.thepartandthewhole

arerelativeterms.p345

43.

Anacquaintanceofhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.

44.Foreignization

isastrategyinwhichatargettextisproducedwhich

deliberatelybreakstargetconventionsbyretainingsomethingoftheoriginal.Thismethodis"an

ethno-deviantpressureontarget-languageculturevaluestoregi