sat2化学包历年真题及答案2013 2号卷

Note:Forallquestionsinvolvingsolutions,assumethatthesolventiswaterunlessotherwisestated.Throughoutthetestthefollowingsymbolshavethedefinitionsspecifiedunlessotherwisenoted.

H=enthalpyM=molar

n=numberofmolesP=pressure

R=molargasconstant

S=entropy

T=temperatureV=volume

atm=atmosphere(s)g=gram(s)

J=joule(s)

kJ=kilojoule(s)L=liter(s)

mL=milliliter(s)mm=millimeter(s)mol=mole(s)

V=volt(s)

1

PartA

Directions:Eachsetofletteredchoicesbelowreferstothenumberedstatementsorquestionsimmediatelyfollowingit.Selecttheoneletteredchoicethatbestfitseachstatementoranswerseachquestionaridthenfillinthecorrespondingcircleontheanswersheet.Achoicemaybeusedonce,morethanonce,ornotatallineachset.

Questions1-3refertothefollowingterms:

LawofDefiniteComposition

Nuclearfusion

vanderWaalsforces

Graham’sLawofDiffusion(Effusion)

Triplepoint

Ataparticulartemperatureandpressure,threestatesofasubstancemaycoexist.

Thecombiningofnucleitoreleaseenergy.

Theratiooftherateofmovementofhydrogengascomparedwiththerateofoxygasis4:1.

Questions 4-6 refer to the followinginformation.

Na2CrO4,asolubleyellowsolidPbCrO4,aninsolubleyellowsolidNaNO3,asolublewhitesolidPb(NO3)2,asolublewhitesolid

Yellowsolidandcolorlesssolution

Yellowsolidandyellowsolution

Whitesolidandcolorlesssolution

Nosolidandyellowsolution

Nosolidandcolorlesssolution

Observedwhen1.0molofNa2CrO4and

2.0molofPb(NO3)2aremixedwith1Lofwater

—

Observedwhen3.0molofNa2CrO4and

1.0molofPb(NO3)2aremixedwith1Lofwater

Observedwhen10molofNaN03and

1.0molofPb(NO)aremixedwith1Lofwater

Questions7-9refertothefollowing.

Hydrogenbonding

Ionicbonding

Networkbonding

Londondispersionforce

Metallicbonding

Isprimarilyresponsibleforthehardnessofdiamond

Allowscoppertoconductelectricity

IspresentinsolidKCI

Questions10-13refertothefollowingpairsofsubstances.

NH3andN2H4

16Oand17O

NH4ClandNH4NO3

CH3OCH3andCH3CH2OH

O2andO3

Areisotopes

Havebothionicandcovalentbonds

Areallotropes

Arestrongelectrolytesin aqueoussolution

Questions14-15refertothefollowingstructures：

R-OH

R-O-R_*

(C

(D)

(E)

(_*AlkylgroupthatisnotnecessarilythesameasR)

Theorganicstructuredesignationthatincludesthefunctionalgroupofanacid

Theorganicstructuredesignationthatincludesthefunctionalgroupofanester

Questions16-18

1

6

9

10

14

Theatomicnumberofanatomwithanelectrondotarrangementsimilarto

Thenumberofatomsrepresentedinthe

formulaNa2CO3

ThenumberthatrepresentsthemostacidpH

Questions19and20refertothefollowing:

Radioactiveisotope

Monocliniccrystal

Sulfurtrioxide

Sulfatesalt

Allotropicform

19.Asubstancethatexhibitsaresonance

structure

20.AproductformedfromabasereactingwithH2SO4

Questions21-22

Boyle’sLaw

Charles'Law

IdealGasEquation

CombinedGasLaw

Dalton'sLawofPartialPressures

21.PV=nRT

Questions23-24

(A)42He

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

01-e

1n

11H

Hasachargeof2+

Hasthelowestmass

PartB

Directions:Eachquestionbelowconsistsoftwostatements,lintheleft-handcolumnandIIintheright-handcolumn.Foreachquestion,determinewhetherstatementIistrueorfalseandwhetherstatementIIistrueorfalseandfillinthecorrespondingTorFcirclesonyouranswersheet.FillincircleCEonlyifstatementIIisacorrectexplanationofthetruestatementI.

I

ThestructureofSO3isshownbyusingmorethanonestructuralformula

Themeltingoficeisanexothermicprocess

OnemoleofCO2hasagreatermassthan1moleofH2O

Twoisotopesofthesameelementhavethesamemassnumber

HCIisconsideredtobeanacid

AccordingtotheequationM1V1=2V2,asthevolumeincreasesthemolaritydecreases

Anincreaseintemperaturewillcauseagastoexpand

Iftheforwardreaction of anequilibriumisexothermic,addingheattothesystemfavorsthereversereaction

Atomsofdifferentelementscanhave thesamemassnumber

Thehydridorbitalform

ofcarboninneisbelievedtobethespform

Basicanhydridesreactinwatertoformbases

BECAUSE

BECAUSE

BECAUSE

BECAUSE

BECAUSE

BECAUSE

BECAUSE

BECAUSE

BECAUSE

BECAUSE

BECAUSE

II

SO3isveryunstableandresonatesbetweenthesepossiblestructures.

waterhasarelativelyhigh

specificheatcapacity

themolecularmassofCO2greaterthanthemolecularofH2O.

isotopes have the samenumberofprotons

HClisaprotonacceptor.

aswaterisaddedtoasolutionthesolutionisdiluted.

temperatureandvolumehaveadirectrelationship.

additionalheatcausesastressthesystem,andthesystemmeinthedirectionthatreleasesthestress.

theatomsofeachelementhavecharacteristicnumberof

thenucleus.

C2H2isalinearcompoundatriplebondbetweenthecarbons.

metallicoxidesreactwithwaterformsolutionsthathave hydroxideions.

The completeelectrolysisof45gramsofwaterwillyield40gramsofH2and5gramsofO2

Therateofareactionisacceleratedbyincreasingtemperature

BECAUSE

BECAUSE

wateriscomposedofhydrogen:oxygeninaratioof8:1bymass

alargeequilibriumconstantfavorstheformationofproduct.

the identity of an

An atom of 12C BECAUSE elementisdetermined

contains12protons bythenumberofprotonsinthenucleiofitsatoms.

Bymass,oxygenis

the most abundant BECAUSE

elementinthehumanbody

itisprincipallyfoundas

O2inthebloodstream.

PartC

Directions:Eachofthequestionsorincompletestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfivesuggestedanswersorcompletions.Selecttheonethatisbestineacheaseandthenfillinthecorrespondingcircleontheanswersheet.

Hasthesamemassandchargeasanelectron.

Alphaparticle

Betaparticle

Neutron

Gammaray

Positron

Whichofthefollowingwouldnotbeattractedordeflectedwhiletravelingthroughanelectricfield?

Gammaray

Betaparticle

Neutron

Ionly

IIonly

IandIIonly

IandIIIonly

I,II,andIII

Whichsubstancebelowisresonancestabilizedbydelocalizedpielectrons?

Benzene

Hydrochloricacid

Hydrogengas

Methane

Potassiumbromide

Iftwoatomsthatdifferinelectronegativitycombinebychemicalreactionandshareelectrons,thebondthatjoinsthemwillbe

metallic

ionic

ahydrogenbond

nonpolarcovalent

polarcovalent

AllofthefollowinghavecovalentbondsEXCEPT

HCl

CCl4

H2O

CsF

CO2

Aliterofhydrogenisat5.0°Ctemperatureandunder640.torrpressure.Ifthetemperature

wereraisedto60.0°Candthepressuredecreasedto320.torr,howwasthelitervolumebemodified?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

Whichstatementbelowbestdescribesthemoleculeinquestion?

Waterhasabentmoleculargeometryandonelonepairofelectrons.

Ammoniahasatrigonalpyramidalmoleculargeometryandtwolonepairsofelectrons.

Methanehasatrigonalplanarmoleculargeometr藏y

Carbondioxideislinearbecauseithasonesinglebondandonetriplebond.

Thecarbonatomsinethanearesp3hybridized.

Whichsamplehasatomsthatarearrangedinaregulargeometricpattern?

KCl

NaC2H3O2(s)

Fe(l)

NaCl(aq)

HCl(aq)

33.Whichletterintheboxesbelowhasavalueof7?

(A)A

(B)B

(C)C

(D)D

(E)E

WhatisthemolarmassofCa3(PO4)2?

310grams/mole

154grams/mole

67grams/mole

83grams/mole

115grams/mole

(A)

Keq

C

2

AB

Keq

Keq

Keq

Keq

HNO3

N2

NO2

N2O

NH2OH

Inwhichofthefollowingcompoundsdocsnitrogenhaveanoxidationnumberof+5?

IntheLewisdotstructureX:,whatisthepredictableoxidationnumber?

(A)+1

(B)-1

(C)+2

(D)-2

(E)+3

Whichofthefollowingcanbeclassifiedasamphoteric?

Na3PO4

HCl

NaOH

HSO4-

C2O42-

Standardconditions(STP)are

0°Cand2atm

32°Fand76torr

273Kand760mmHg

4°Cand7.6cmHg

0Kand760mmHg

ThepercentcompositionbymassofoxygeninBaSO4is

233.4%

66.7%

27.4%

(E)13.7%

41.AclosedsystemcontainsthefollowingreactionatSTP:Cl2(g)+2NO2(g)ії2NO2Cl(g).istheequilibriumconstantexpressionforthisreaction?

2

NO2Cl

2

eq

2

2

eq

2

2

eq

2

HowmanygramsofNaHareneededtomake100gramsofa5%solution?

2

5

20

40

95

…Zn(s)+H+(aq)ї

What

58.7%

(A)

Keq

Whentheequationforthereactionrepresentedaboveiscompletedandbalancedandallcoefficientsarcreducedtolowestwhole-numberterms,thecoefficientforH+(aq)is

(A)

2

(B)

3

(C)

4

(D)

5

(E)

6

44.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerningasaturatedsolutionofasaltata

constanttemperature?

Theconcentrationsofsaltandsolventareusuallyequal.

Theamountofdissolvedsaltisconstant.

Additionofsolidsaltshiftstheequilibrium,whichresultsinanincreaseintheamountofdissolvedsale.

Thesolutionisunstableandsuddencrystallizationcouldoccur.

Atthesametemperature,asaturatedsolutionofanyothersalthasthesameconcentration.

2CO(g)+O2(g)ї2CO2(g)

Accordingtothereactionrepresentedabove,1.00molofCO(g)reactsat0°Cand1atmtoconsumehowmuchO2(g)?

32.0g

11.2L

22.4L

1.00mol

2.00mol

Speciesthatinwatercaneitheracceptordonateprotonsincludewhichofthefollowing?

CH4

3

HCO-

4

HPO2-

Ionly

IIonly

IIIonly

IIandIIIonly

I,II,andIII

TheionizationenergyofHeis

496kJ/mol

656kJ/mol

899kJ/mol

1,086kJ/mol

2,372kJ/mol

TheionizationenergiesofLiandHare520kJ/moland1,312kJ/mol,respectively.

Anactiveingredientincommonhouseholdbleachsolutionsismostlikelytobewhichofthefollowing?

NaCl

NaClO

NaHCO3

Na2SO4

HC2H3O2

Whichofthefollowingreactionsproducesayellowprecipitate?

NaOH(aq)+HCl(aq)→NaCl(s)+H2O

NaOH(aq)+BaCl(aq)→BaOH(s)+NaCl(aq)

Pb(NO3)2(aq)+2KI(aq)→2KNO3(aq)+PbI2(s)

CuO(s)+Mg(s)→Cu(s)+MgO(s)

4Fe+3O2→2Fe2O3

Howmanygramsofhydrogenwereusedintheformationofthewaterthatwasaproduct?

(A)1

(B)2

(C)4

(D)8

(E)9

Whatconclusioncanyoudrawfromthisexperiment?

Hydrogendiffusesfasterthanoxygen.

Hydrogenislighterthanoxygen.

Themolarmassofoxygenis32g/mol.

Waterisatriatomicmoleculewithpolarcharacteristics.

Waterisformedfromhydrogenandoxygeninaratioof1:8,bymass.

Whichofthefollowingisanobservationratherthanaconclusion?

Asubstanceisanacidifitchangeslitmuspaperfrombluetored.

Agasislighterthanairifitescapesfromabottleleftmouthupward.

ThegasH2formsanexplosivemixturewithair.

Airismixedwithhydrogengasandignited;itexplodes.

Aliquidoilisimmisciblewithwaterbecauseitseparatesintoalayerabovethewater.

WhenHClfumesandNH3fumesareintroducedintooppositeendsofalong,dglasstube,awhiteringformsinthetube.Whichstatementexplainsthisphenomenon?

NH4Clforms.

HCldiffusesfaster.

NH3diffusesfaster

TheringoccursclosertotheendintowhichHClwasintroduced.

Theringoccursintheverymiddleofthetube.

HowmanygrainsofHIcanbemadefrom6gramsofH2and800gramsofI2whenhydrogengasanddiatomciodinereactaccordingtotheequation:H2+I2ї2HI?

800gramsofHIcanbemadewith38gramsofiodineinexcess.

768gramsofHIcanbemadewith6gramsofhydrogeninexcess.

768gramsofHIcanbemadewith38gramsofiodineinexcess.

2286gramsofHIcanbemadewithnoexcessreactants.

806gramsofHIcanbemadewithnoexcessreactants.

Fortygramsofsodiumhydroxideisdissolvedinenoughwatertomake1literofsolution.Whatisthemolarityofthesolution?

0.25M

0.5M

1M

1.5M

4M

WhichofthefollowingreactionswillNOTspontaneouslygotocompletion?

Zn(s)+2HCl(aq)їZnCl2(aq)+H2(g)

CaC03(s)十 2HCl(aq)їCaCl2(aq)+H2O(aq)+CO2(g)

Ag+(aq)+HCl(aq)їAgCl(s)+H+(aq)

Cu(s)+2H+(aq)їCu2+(aq)+H2(g);E°=-0.34V

H2SO4(aq)+2NaOH(aq)їNa2SO4(aq)+2H2O(aq)

Whichreactionbetweenionsdoesnotformaprecipitate?

Ag1++Cl1-

Pb2++2I1-

3

Ca2++C02-

Hg2++2Br1-

Na1++OH1-

58.Whatisthevolumeof2.3molesofanidealgasat300Kandapressureof1.1atmospheres?

2.3moles

(A)

0.0820Latm/molK300K

1.1atm

1.1atm

(B)

2.3moles0.0820Latm/molK

(C)

300K1.1atm

300K0.0820Latm/molK

(D)

2.3moles1.1atm

2.3moles1.1am300K

(E)

0.0820Lam/molK

59.Whichsubstanceisthebestoxidizingagent?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

FeO2

Na

LiF2

(E)

Ofthestatementsbelow,whichbestexplainswhyCH4isagasatSTP,whileC8H18isaliquidandC20H42isasolid?

C20H42hasthegreatestionicinteractionbetweenitsmolecules.

C20H42hasagreateramountofhydrogenbondingthanCH4orC8H18.

Thereismoredipole-dipoleinteractionbetweenmoleculesofgreatermass.

CH4hasthegreatestintermolecularforceswhileC20H42hastheleast.

TherearemoreVanderWaals(dispersion)forcesbetweennonpolarmoleculesthataregreaterinmass.

WhatisthevalueforAHforthereaction:N2O4ї2NO2?(2NO2їN2+2O2∆H=-16.2kcal)

(N2+2O2їN2O4∆H=+2.31kcal)

(A)+13.89kcal

(B)+18.51kcal

(C)+37.42kcal

-13.89kcal

-18.51kcal

Theprimaryintermolecularattractionthatmakesitpossibletoliquefyhydrogengasiscalled

Londondispersionforces

dipole-dipoleattraction

covalentbonding

ionicbonding

hydrogenbonding

WhatmassofCaCO3isneededtoproduce11.2litersofCO2atSTPwhenthecalciumcarbonateisreactedwithanexcessamountofhydrochloricacid?(Molarmasses:CaCO3=100.g/mol,HCl=36.5g/mol,CO2=44.0g/mol)

25.0g

44.0g

50.0g

100.