初中英语阅读理解之主旨大意题

初中英语阅读理解之主旨大意题第一页，共35页。初中阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧授课老师：黄文婷第一页第二页，共35页。什么是主旨大意题？01主旨大意题的题型、标志词及设问形式02不同体裁（议论文，记叙文，说明文等）的主旨大意题解题技巧03CONTENTS目录第二页第三页，共35页。01PARTONE什么是主旨大意题？第三页第四页，共35页。什么是主旨大意题？主题、目的或标题段落或文章第四页第五页，共35页。02 PARTTWO主旨大意题的题型、标志词及设问形式第五页第六页，共35页。标题类

主旨大意题的题型、标志词及设问形式：大意类目的类Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe_____.Thepassageismeantto….Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whatisthetopicofthispassage?第六页第七页，共35页。03 PARTTHREE（议论文、记叙文、说明文）主旨大意题解题技巧第七页第八页，共35页。如何解答主旨大意题？2.通读全文/段落，寻找主题句4.排除干扰项1.读题——文章/段落，目的类/大意类/标题类第八页第九页，共35页。干扰项有什么特点？1.以偏概全2.断章取义4.张冠李戴3.主题扩大5.无中生有排除法★★根据标题的特点（概括性、针对性、醒目性）排除干扰项第九页第十页，共35页。议论文的主旨大意题1第十页第十一页，共35页。什么是议论文？提出见解，驳斥观点摆事实、讲道理、辨是非

以理服人！第十一页第十二页，共35页。议论文的结构1.“总论——分论——总论”式总论=文章主旨大意分论=段落主旨大意2.“总论——分论”式3.“分论——总论”式议论文的主题句一般在哪里？首段或首句★第十二页第十三页，共35页。Attention！先提出别人的观点，（however，but）作者进行驳斥，再提出自己的观点！第十三页第十四页，共35页。【2014】Thepurposeofparagraph3isto_______.A.showhowanimalscanhelpwithillnessesB.discusstheproblemsofkeepingpetsC.describehowtotrainanimalhelpersD.introducesomenewmedicalresearchHereisacasethatshowsthebenefitsofanimals.Johnwasasix-year-oldmute.Hehadnophysicalproblems.Hejustrefusedtotalk.Hisoldercousin,Ned,hadaparrotcalledSally,andJohnusedtovisitit.Whenhearrived,Nedusedtosay,“Hi,John!”Weallknowparrotscopywhattheyhear.Afterafewvisits,Sallybegansaying“Hi,John!”whenJohncameintotheroom.Then,oneday,Johnturnedtotheparrotandreplied“Hi,Sally!”StayingwiththeparrotencouragedJohntobegintalking.第十四页第十五页，共35页。1.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat______.A.chocolateishealthierthanvegetablesB.theworldcouldsoonbewithoutchocolateC.peoplelovevegetablesmorethanchocolateD.it’snotnecessarytoeatsomuchchocolate

Mostofusprobablylivewithoutvegetables,butaworldwithoutchocolate?Nowthatwouldbehard!Accordingtochocolatemakersitcouldhappenifwedon'tactsoon.第十五页第十六页，共35页。WhatisthebesttitleforParagraph2?A.TheAgeandSizeofEarthB.OurGalaxy:TheMilkyWayC.WhyIntelligentLifeMightExistD.Earth:TheOnlyPlanetwithIntelligentLife

WhydoShostakandBarnettthinkintelligentlifeexistsonotherplanets?Thefirstreasonistime.Scientistsbelievetheuniverseisabout12billionyearsold.“Thisislongenoughforotherplanetstohaveintelligentlife,”sayShostakandBarnett.Thesecondreasonissize—theuniverseishuge.“ToolsliketheHubbleTelescope(哈勃望远镜)haveshownthatthereareatleast100billiongalaxies,”saysShostak.“Andourgalaxy,theMilkyWay,hasatleast100billionstars.SomeplanetsgoingaroundthesestarsmightbesimilartoEarth.”第十六页第十七页，共35页。Thispassagetellsusmainlyabout_________.A.theimportanceof"guessing"inlearningaforeignlanguageB.howtoguesswhatoneisgoingtotalkaboutC.someexamplesofrightguessingD.howimportantitistoguessallthetime

Oneofthethingstobelearntinaforeignlanguageisguessingallthetimewhatkindofthingtocomewhenlisteningtosomeonetalking.Peopledothisallthetimeintheirownlanguage,soitisnecessary(必要的)todothisinaforeignlanguage,too.Herearesomeexamples.1."What'sthematter？""Iwenttoapartylastnight,soI…"2."Ifeelsotiredthesedays.""Ithinkyou'dbetter…"3."Ofcourse,sheneverstopstalking.Sheisoneofthemost…"Youcanseefromtheabovethreeexamplesthatthecontext(上下文)helpsalotinunderstandingwhatisbeingtalkedabout.So"guessing"isveryimportantinunderstandingEnglish,especially(尤其)spokenEnglish.第十七页第十八页，共35页。

Intheworldtoday,allofthepeopleneedrecreation（消遣）.Wecannotworkallthetimeifwearegoingtokeephealthyandenjoylife.Everyonehashisownwayofrelaxing.Perhapsthemostpopularformistotakepartinsports.Thereareteamsports,suchasbasketballandfootball.Therearealsoindividual（个人的）sports,suchasswimmingandrunning.Skatingandmountainclimbingarethemostpopularrecreationforpeoplewholiketobeoutdoor（室外的）.Noteveryonewhoenjoyssportslikestotakepartinthem.ManypeoplelikewatchingthemonTVorlisteningtothemontheradio.Somanypeoplelikesomeformsofindoorrecreation,suchaswatchingTV,singinganddancing.Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherwelikeindoorrecreationortakepartinoutdoorsports.Itisimportantforeveryonetorelaxfromtimetotime,andenjoysomeformsofrecreation.Thepassagetellsusthat

.A.basketballisakindofteamsportsB.everyonewhoenjoyssportsshouldtakepartinthemC.differentpeoplehavedifferentwaysofrelaxingD.indoorrecreationisnotasimportantasoutdoorsports第十八页第十九页，共35页。Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.BeesLoveBlueB.BeesLoveSyrupC.Bees,ColorandSyrupD.CanBeesSeeColor?

Tofindoutwhetherbees（蜜蜂）canseecolours,thefollowingexperimentismade.Aroundtableisputinagarden,andonthetableisapieceofbluecardboard（硬纸板）withadropofsyrup（糖浆）onit.Afterashorttime,beescometothesyrup.Thebeesthenflytotheirhive（蜂房）andgivethesyruptootherbeesinthehive.Thentheyreturntothefeeding-placewhichtheyhavefound.Afterawhile,thebluecardboardwiththesyruponitistakenaway.Insteadofthiscard,abluecardisnowputontheleftsideofthefirstfeeding-placeandaredcardtoitsright.Thesenewcardshavenosyruponthem.Verysoonbeesarriveagain,andflystraighttothebluecard.Nonegototheredcard.第十九页第二十页，共35页。Thetopicofthepassageis

.A.HowtodrawahorseB.HowtowriteastoryC.HowtomakeyourownrulesD.Trusttoyourownpowers

Afriendofminewasfondofdrawinghorse.Hedrewthehorsesverywell,buthealwaysbeganthetail.NowitistheWesternruletobeginattheheadofthehorse,thatiswhyIwassurprised.Itstruckmethatitcouldnotreallymakeanydifferencewhethertheartistbeginsattheheadorthetailorthebelly(肚子)orthefootofthehorse,ifhereallyknowshisbusiness.Andmostgreatartistswhoreallyknowtheirbusinessdonotfollowotherpeople'srule.Theymaketheirownrules.Everyoneofthemdoeshisworkinawaypeculiar(奇特的)tohimself;andthepeculiaritymeansonlythathefindsitmoreeasytoworkinthatway.Nowtheverysamethingistruetoliterature(文学).Andthequestion,"HowshallIbegin?"onlymeansthatyouwanttobeginattheheadinsteadofbeginningatthetailorsomewhereelse.Thatis,youarenotyetexperienced(有经验的)enoughtotrusttoyourownpowers.Whenyoubecomemoreexperiencedyouwillneveraskthequestion,andIthinkthatyouwilloftenbeginatthetail--thatistosay,youwillwritetheendofthestorybeforeyouhaveeventhoughtofthebeginning.第二十页第二十一页，共35页。

Wanttostayawayfromcolds?Putonahappyface.Comparedtounhappypeople,thosewhoarecheerfulandrelaxedarelesslikelytosufferfromcolds,accordingtoanewstudy.It'spossiblethatbeinghappyhelpsthebodyfightillnesses,saytheresearchersfromNewYorkUniversity.

“Itseemsthatpositivefeelingsmayreducethedangerofillness,"saidthestudy'schiefresearcherSheldonCohen.Inanearlierstudy,Cohenfoundthatpeoplewhowerecheerfulandlivelycaughtcoughsandcoldslessoften.Peoplewhoshowedfeelingswerealsolesslikelytotelltheirdoctorsthattheyfeltill.Inthisstudy,Cohenhasinterviewed193adultseverydayfortwoweeks.Duringtheinterviews,thepeopletoldresearchersaboutweregivencoldsbydoctorsandhadtostayaloneinaroomforsixdays.Theresultsshowedthateveryoneinthestudywasequallylikelytogetill.Buyforpeoplewhosaidtheyfelthappyduringtheresearchperiod,theirillnessarelessseriousandlastedforashortertime.Cohenbelievesthatwhenpeopleexperiencepositivefeelings,theirbodymayproduceachemicalthathelpsfightillnessanddisease.Soifyouareworriedabutyourhealth,lookonthebrightsidemoreoften.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.SmilescanfightcoldsB.CauseofcoldsfoundC.ThedangerofcoldsD.Howpeoplegetsick第二十一页第二十二页，共35页。记叙文主旨大意题2第二十二页第二十三页，共35页。什么是记叙文？叙述人物的经历和事物发展变化

以事感人！六要素：人物、时间、地点、事件的起因、经过和结果第二十三页第二十四页，共35页。记叙文的结构1.分-总2.总-分3.总-分-总

一般情况下文尾找主题句或者相关信息，提炼标题或归纳大意★第二十四页第二十五页，共35页。Whatwasthefirstnewspaperstorymainly(主要)about?A.SickchildreninChildren'sHospitalB.DoctorsinChildren'sHospital.C.Mrs.Weeksandherstudents.D.Toysmadebytheboysandgirls.

Mrs.Weekswasreadinganewspaperstorytoherclass.Thestorysaid,"Wereyoueverinahospitalwhenyouweresmall?Howdidyoufeel?ThedoctorsinChildren'sHospitalareaskingformoneyforchildren'stoys.Somechildreninthehospitalmuststayinbedformanyweeks.Toysareneededtokeepthesesickchildrenhappyandquiet.Moneyforthemcanbesenttothehospital."第二十五页第二十六页，共35页。Thepassageismainly(主要地)about.A.studentsB.abasketballgameC.resttimeD.schoolactivities

Wehavetwentyminutes’rest（休息）betweenclasses.Look!Mostofusareplayingduringtherest（课间）time.Somestudentsareontheplayground.Theyarehavingabasketball.Oh!Aboyisrunningwiththeball.Andanotheristrying(尽力)tostophim.Theylooksocool.Andtherearesomegirlswatchingthegame.Somestudentsareintheclassroom.Theyaretalking.Afewofthemarereadinganddoinghomework.Look!Agirlislookingatthebirdsinatreeinfrontoftheclassroom.Shemustbethinkingofsomethinginterestingbecausesheissmiling(微笑).Whataretheteachersdoing?Someofthemareworkingintheoffice.Andsomearetalkingwithstudents.Everyoneisdoinghisorherthings.Busybuthappy!第二十六页第二十七页，共35页。Themainideaofthewholestoryisthat________.A.RomansdidnotliketostayhomeB.peopleinoldRometalkedalottoeachother.C.Latinchangedasitmovedfromlandtoland.

Longago,peopleinRome（罗马）talkedtooneanotherinLatin（拉丁文）.PupilsinschoollearnedtoreadandwriteinLatin.BooksareinLatin.SomeRomans（罗马人）wenttootherpartsoftheworld.Theytooktheirlanguagewiththem.SoonLatinwasusedinmanycountries.Itbecameaworldlanguage.PeopleinothercountriesdidnottalkinLatinthesameway.Ineachland,theychangedthelanguagealittle.Astimewentby,theymademorechanges.AtlasttheydidnottalkinLatinanymore.Newlanguageshadcomefromtheoldone.PeopledonottalktooneanotherinLatintoday.ButtheystillusemanyLatinwords.Youdo,too.Street,wall,city,andsaltaresomeoftheLatinwordsweuse.Youareapupilinschool.PupilisaLatinword.Itmeans“littledoll”.第二十七页第二十八页，共35页。说明文主旨大意题3第二十八页第二十九页，共35页。什么是说明文？介绍事物、解说事理以知授人！说明文的结构1.分-总2.总-分3.总-分-总★第二十九页第三十页，共35页。Thebesttitle(标题)forthispassageis________.A.BadSeasonsB.SummerorWinterC.TheWeatherinEnglandD.StrangeEnglishPeopleInEngland,peopleoftentalkabouttheweatherbecausetheycanexperience(经历)fourseasonsinoneday.Inthemorningtheweatheriswarmjustlikeinspring.Anhourlaterblackcloudscomeandthenitrainshard.Theweathergetsalittlecold.Inthelateafternoontheskywillbesunny,thesunwillbegintoshine,anditwillbesummeratthistimeofaday.InEngland,peoplecanalsohavesummerinwinter,orhavewinterinsummer.Soinwintertheycanswimsometimes,andinsummersometimestheyshouldtakewarmclothes.WhenyougotoEngland,youwillseethatsomeEnglishpeopleusuallytakeanumbrella(伞)oraraincoatwiththeminthesunnymorning,butyoushouldnotlaughatthem.Ifyoudon'ttakeanumbrellaoraraincoat,youwillregret(后悔)laterintheday.第三十页第三十一页，共35页。1.找高频词/中心词/主题词（名词，动词）没有主题句怎么办？3.关注设问句的回答2.在文章中间找forexample，forinstance，however，but，itistruethat...but...等词，其前后很可能会给出主题归纳总结第三十一页第三十二页，共35页。

Amanandhiswifewantedtomovetoanewhouse.Theylookedforalongtimeandfinallyfoundanadvertisement(广告)foraniceone.Theylookedtogetherandalmostdecidedtobuyit,buttheywantedtoknowmoreabouttheneighborhood(街坊)first.Wouldtheneighborsbeniceornot?Anoldmanwaswalkinginfrontofthehouse,sotheywenttohimtogetsomeinformation.“Sir,”saidthehusband,“mywifeandIarelookingat