2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习专题一阅读理解先检索再加工第二部分怎样准解题揭秘答题规律科学备战高考第四讲词句猜测题-“义”有“景”生莫忘记

第四讲词句猜测题——“义”有“景”生莫忘记【近3年全国卷考情分析】清迷点扫盲点·提升审题能力技法1单词或短语含义猜测题——巧用线索猜词义知答题方略4种文体(记叙文、夹叙夹议文、议论文和说明文)所涉及的各种话题的阅读理解均涉及考查猜测单词或短语的含义。除了直接的命题外，在阅读理解的文章中常有一些单词或短语为生僻词，但又没有附加注释，也需要猜测词义才能理解文章，这是词义猜测题的一种间接命题形式。明命题方式①Whatdoestheword/phrase“________”inParagraph1referto/mean？②Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase“________”inParagraph2probablymean/referto？1.利用逻辑关系猜测词义经典感悟●【典例1】[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·C片段]WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever­increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(栖息地)．29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?AAcquire.B．Export.C．Destroy.D．Distribute.解析：词义猜测题。依据画线词所在句中的unfortunately可判断，画线词所在句与上文形成转折，上文讲到了探险者抵达北美洲时，这片大陆上充满了各种各样的野生物种，整个大陆生机勃勃。美洲土著居民明智地照顾着这些宝贵的自然资源，因此画线词所在句应讲述这些资源受到的破坏——探险者及随之而来的殖民者只用了几十年就将大部分资源破坏。自主解答：________,答题微点●阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义。对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有反义、同义和因果等。图解技巧2.利用语法关系猜测词义经典感悟●【典例2】[2021·全国甲卷阅读C]Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam(横杆),Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:“Safe!__Safe!__Safe！”Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.29．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe!Safe!Safe！”probablymean?A．Becareful!B．Welldone!C．Noway!D．Don'tworry!解析：利用同等关系猜词词义。根据画线词后文的解释说明“Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.(那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义。自主解答：________,答题微点●在做阅读理解题目时，考生利用语法关系(下定义；同位语；同位语从句；举例；标点符号)是猜测词义的快速有效的方法之一。图解技巧[听课记录]

3.构词法助力词义猜测经典感悟●【典例3】[2020·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读B]Theendoftheschoolyearwasinsightandspiritswerehigh.Iwasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof“forbiddenfruit”thatcomeoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol(手枪)．IdecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruitMyimaginaryGrandma'sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring,andlater.SometimesstudentswouldaskmetodescribeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway—sinceIseldomactuallykeptthem.Usuallythe__offenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwouldreturnthebelonging.25．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theoffender”inParagraph8referto?A．Thestudents'parent.B．ThemakeroftheGrandma'Box.C．Theauthor'sgrandchild.D．Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.解析：词义猜测题根据构词法，“er”为后缀，当其与动词缀合时，表示做某事的人或物；“offend”为动词，意思为违反、冒犯。故“offender”有犯规者、违反者的含义。结合前文中出现的“forbiddenfruit”，以及后文提到“returnthebelonging”，可推断犯规者指的是拥有前述forbiddenfruit的人。自主解答：________,答题微点●构词法能够不借助阅读上下文便能够大体猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以我们主张：可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。图解技巧[听课记录]4.上下文语境助力词义猜测经典感悟●【典例4】[2022·全国乙卷阅读C]Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'efforts.29．Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinParagraph3referto?A．Personnelsafety.B．Assistancefromdrones.C．Inspectionandrepair.D．Constructionofinfrastructure.解析：词义猜测题。利用上下文语境猜测词义。根据本段第二句ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.可知maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，选项Inspectionandrepair与句中的inspectandrepair对应。自主解答：________,答题微点●有些词义猜测题找不到以上标志线索，这时我们可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。图解技巧[听课记录]技法2代词猜测题——“就近原则”找指代经典感悟●[2020·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C]Inthemid­1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24­year­oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A．Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B．TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C．WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D．WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.解析：就近原则找指代。画线词在第二段首句，that用来指代上文提到的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句可知，他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章，由此可推断出that指代写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章这件事，意思是指写一篇文章已远不能包含他所见所闻的所有内容。自主解答：________答题微点●1.设题特点：代词猜测题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。2．设问方式：①Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which...”referto?②Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which...”inParagraph...refersto________．图解技巧“就近原则”找指代

技法3句意猜测题——“意义吻合”推句意经典感悟●[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读B]Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling，withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon'tevenrealizeit'snew.Forthem，it'sjustnormal.Thishit__home__for__measIwassittingwithmy2­year­oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.24．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninParagraph2?A．Providedshelterforme.B．Becameverycleartome.C．Tookthepressureoffme.D．Workedquitewellonme.解析：句义猜测题。根据第一段内容以及画线词后文“asIwassittingwithmy2­year­oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看书时，尤其清楚地认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。自主解答：________答题微点●1.设题特点：句意猜测题一般出现在前后文有解释的特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。锁定语句前后寻找，意义吻合是解题关键。2．设问方式：①WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph...mean?②WhichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph...?图解技巧“意义吻合”推句意练重点练难点·创新应用体验A[2022·江苏省高考考前打靶卷]It'sdifficulttobepartoftheteamthatcreatedthemostmemorableadinthelatestSuperBowl—andit'sharderstilltodosoaspartofabrandthat'stakingtheleadinanewtechnologyrevolution.ButJessicaWilliams,directorofbrandandpartnershipsatcryptocurrencyplatformCoinbase(比特币),madeit.Withadegreeinpsychology,Williamsinitiallyintendedtopursueacareerworkingwithtroubledkidsorasaprisonpsychologist.Butattheendofhergraduateschooling,shefellinlovewithtechnologyanddatamarketinganalytics,whichcarriedherthroughdata­centricrolesatYahoo,agencieslikeW2OGroupandeventuallyVisa,whereshespentmorethansevenyearsandgrewintotheroleofseniordirectorofglobalbrandmarketing.Butafterworkingfortheseestablishedcompanies,Williamssoughtanewchallenge—andfoundCoinbase.“Ijumpedshiptogomarketwithawholenewcategory,tobuildanewbrandandinspiretrust,securityandexcitement，”shesaid.WilliamspointedoutthatCoinbase'smarketingstrategyissimilartoherworkatVisa,butwithakeydifference—onereflectedinthebrand'sSuperBowl56ad,whichshowedasimpleQRcodebouncinglikeascreensaveronablackbackground.“Coinbaseiswillingtotakerisksonthemarketingside,asyoucanseefromtheSuperBowlad，”shesaid.“Thereisn'tthesamedesiretostaywithinthelines.”The__movepaidoff:Thebrandreceived20millionsitevisitswithinthefirstminuteaftertheadaired.Takingriskslikethatwhilemaintainingastrong,trustworthyfoundationrequiresacriticalbalance.Williamsseesendlesspotentialformarketerstomakeanimpactoncryptocurrencyinthefuture.“There'sstillalotofopportunityinthisspacebecausetheconsumerexperienceisnotgreatyet，”shesaid.“Thefundamentalsofmarketingcanhelpbuildtrustandawareness.”1．WhatdoweknowaboutWilliamsfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．ShecreatedthelatestSuperBowl.B．Sheworkedasaprisonpsychologist.C．SheservedinW2Oforsevenyears.D．Shewaskeenondatamarketinganalytics.2．WhydidWilliamsleavetheestablishedcompanies?A．Shewaseagertocreatenewground.B．Shewishedfortrustandsecurework.C．Shefoundnodifficulttaskstoperform.D．Shewastiredofthefamouscompanies.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“themove”inParagraph5referto?A．Buildinganewbrand.B．AdvertisingintheSuperBowl.C．Stayingwithinthelines.D．ThecreativeQRcodeadvertising.4．WhatdoesthestoryofWilliamstellus?A．Greatnesscomesfromtakingrisks.B．Jumpingshipisneverabadchoice.C．Buildingtrustandawarenessearnsyouafortune.D.Deepinsightandinnovationspiritresultinsuccess.B[2022·南京市考前训练题(二)]Docliché(陈词滥调)worksayingshave__you__rolling__your__eyes?You'renotalone.AlmosthalfofAmericanshaveacolleaguedifficulttoworkwith—duetotheircommunicationhabits.Asurveyof2，000remoteworkersrevealedthesefeelingsmightresultfromtheirco­workers'useofworkplacejargon(行话)theydislike,like“giveit100percent，”“thinkoutsidethebox，”and“teamplayer”rankinginthetop10mostoverusedphrases.Twothirdsofworkerssurveyedalsothinkit'sdispleasing.It'sfoundthateventhoughrespondentsdislikewhenothersusejargon,theycatchthemselvesdoingittoo.Besidesworkplacejargon,theresultsfoundthelevelofformalitycanalsohaveahugeimpact.Itturnsout70%ofremoteworkersactuallyencourageotherstouseslang(俚语)andabbreviations(缩略语).That'showrespondentssaytheyprefertocommunicate,too.“Informalmessageshavemadeworkfeelmoreflexibleandhelpthemworkmoreefficientlyandproductively.Thereshouldbelittledoubtthatinformalcommunicationhasevolvedtobecomeamainstayofpositive,inclusiveandefficientworkplaceculture，”saysAliRayl,seniorvicepresidentofproductatSlack.“Informalcommunicationthroughmoderncooperationplatformsbringsinformativediscussionsbetweenseniorleadershipandtheiremployeesandmakesworkmorefun,allowingemployeestoexpressthemselvesandcreateamorewelcomingworkenvironment.”ThedesireforinformalcommunicationhasbeenespeciallytrueduringtheCOVID­19.“Inthisnewworldofworkingwhereteamsaredistributed,it'simportanttobethoughtfulandintentionalinhowwechoosetocommunicatewithourco­workersofallbackgrounds,locationsandages,toensuretheystayconnectedandengaged，”Rayladds.“Mostsurveyrespondentshopetocontinuetouseinformalworkmessagesinsteadofworkplacejargon.Goingforward,weallneedtoconsiderwhichcommunicationstylesmaybemoreeffectivewithvariousco­workers.Beingmindfulofhowwecommunicate,youcanhelpbuildaproductiveandconnectedworkplace.Thisiswhywehavecreatedtoolstoallowforvarioustext­basedcommunication.”5．Theunderlinedphrase“haveyourollingyoureyes”means“________”．A．leaveyoureflectingB．makeyouastonishedC．arouseyourdislikeD．inspireyourcommunication6．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A．Thosewhohateworkplacejargonsometimesuseittoo.B．Creativethinkingandteamworkarenotwelcomenowadays.C．Workerspreferformalcommunicationtojargonatworkplace.D．Mostworkerswelcomeusingslangandabbreviationafterwork.7．What'sAliRayl'sattitudetowardsinformalmessages?A．Doubtful.B．Critical.C．Conservative.D．Favorable.8．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Communicationstylesaffectproductivity.B．InformalcommunicationcountsinCOVID­19.C.Workersofdiversebackgroundscooperatebest.D．Newtoolsneedtobedevelopedforcommunication.[答题区]题号12345678答案第四讲词句猜测题——“义”有“景”生莫忘记清迷点扫盲点提升审题能力技法1答案：1.C2.B3.D4.C技法2答案：D技法3答案：B练重点练难点创新应用体验A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了JessicaWilliams，她创建了加密货币平台Coinbase，介绍了其创建背景和对这个平台的未来期望。1．答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，她喜欢技术和数据营销分析。2．答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第三段“‘Ijumpedshiptogomarketwithawholenewcategory,tobuildanewbrandandinspiretrust,securityandexcitement，’shesaid.”可知，她离开是想开创新的天地。3．答案与解析：D词义猜测题。根据上文“WilliamspointedoutthatCoinbase'smarketingstrategyissimilartoherworkatVisa,butwithakeydifference—onereflectedinthe