deform 3d塑性成形cae应用教程3d手册

BLOCKPRE-PROCESSING1-CreatingaNewProblem1-BLOCKWindowsNTDEFORM?3DCreatedirectorycalledBLOCKusingtheCreateaNewDirectoryiconandchangetothatdirectory.TheDEFORM?3DSYSTEMwindowshouldappearasshowninFigure1.1.Figure1.1-DEFORM?3DSystemIntheProblemIDtextbox,changetheProblemIDtoBLOCK.InorderdefinethesimulationweneedtoenterthePre-Processor.ClickonthePre-oftheDISPLAYwindow,theTOOLBARwindow,theCONTROLwindow,andtheMESSAGEwindow(Figure1.2).SettingSimulationClickontheSimulationControlsbuttonintheCONTROLwindow.TheSimulationControlswindowwillappear(Figure1.3).LocatetheSimulationTitletextboxandtitlethesimulationasBLOCK.SettheUnitstoEnglish,andcheckthatDeformationisturnedONandallothersimulationoptionsareturnedOFFClickontheOKbuttonwhenyouarefinished.InputtingObjectInordertospecifyinformationforanobject,selecttheObjectsbuttonintheCONTROLwindow.TheOBJECTSwindowwillappearasshowninWhentheOBJECTwindowopensanobjectiscreatedandnamedObject#1bydefault.ChangetheObjectNameofobject#1toBLOCKandthenpressENTER.ChangetheObjectTypetoPLASTIC.ClickontheGeometryicontodefinethegeometryoftheobject.Severalformatsareavailableforreadingobjectgeometrydata.definitionscanbereadthroughstereolithography.STL)filesorDEFORM橽parnativegeometryformat(AMGGEO).Surfacedefinitionsorcomplete3DmeshescanalsobereadthroughIDEASuniversal(.UNV)orPATRANneutral(.PDA)formats.Forthislab,wewillreadacompletebrickmeshfromanIDEASuniversalfileformat,soclickontheLoadIDEASfileicontoentertheIDEASfilefilter.LocatethefileBLOCK.UNVandclickontheOkbuttontheFileSelectionIfyouaretrainingonaUnixsystematScientificFormingTechnologiesCorp.thefileshouldbelocatedinadirectorycalled3dfiles.Asanexample,iftherootdirectoryyouareworkinginis/disk3/deform/,thefilesneededforallthelabsshouldbelocatedin/disk3/deform/training/3dfiles/.The/disk3/deform/mayvaryfrommachinetomachine.Ifforsomereasonthefilesarenotinthisdirectory,pleaseaskatrainingassistantandhe/shewillhelpyoulocatethefiles.IfyouaretrainingawayfromScientificFormingTechnologiesCorp.,orifyouareonanNTmachinethegeometryfilesarelocatedintheLABSdirectoryundertheDEFORM3Ddirectory.(DEFORM3D/LABS)Figure1.5-FileselectorAwindowwillpromptyouforaConversionFactor.Thedefaultvalueof1isfinesopressOK.TheSURFACEINFORMATIONwindowwillappearthatsummarizesthegeometryinformation.ClickOKandthenclickontheOKbuttonintheGEOMETRYwindow.TheDISPLAYwindowshoulddisplaythegeometryyouimportedasshowninFigure1.7.Figure1.6-GeometryofobjectViewViewManipulationisusedtomanipulatetheobjectsbeingdisplayedintheviewport.Theusercanzoominandout,panthedisplay,androtatetheobjects.Atthispoint,itisnecessarytoexplainthefunctionofeachiconinthetoolbar.Onceyouhaveexaminedtheiconsandtheirfunction,feelfreetoexplorethedifferentfunctions.FirstselecttheDynamicZoombuttonandmovethecursortothedesiredViewport.Byclickingandholdingtheleftmousebuttonandmovingthemouseupwillzoominandmovingthemousedownwillzoomout.Releasethemousebuttonwhenthedesiredviewhasbeenobtained.ThezoomingprocesscanbespedupbyholdingdowntheSHIFTkeyandthenzoominoroutusingtheZoomThisbuttonisusedtozoominonaspecifiedareaoftheobject.ClickontheZoomWindowbuttonandmovethecursortothedesiredViewport.Selectthestartingcornerbymovingtothedesiredlocationandclickandholdthefirstmousebutton.Nowdragthecursortocreateawindow,whichencompassestheareayouwouldliketozoomto.Whenyouhavefinishedthis,releasethemousebuttontozoomin.Theviewcanbepannedleft,right,upordownbyclickingonthePanbuttonandmovingtothecurrentViewport.Clickandholdthefirstmousebuttonanddragthemousetoanewlocationandreleasethebuttontoselectanewview.HoldingdowntheSHIFTkeyandusingthemousecanspeedupthepanningRotationcanbedoneinUnconstrained,orConstrainedX,Y,orZ.Unconstrainedrotationwillallowrotationaboutallthreeaxis,whileconstrainedrotationwithrestrictrotationabouteithertheX,Y,orZaxis.TheaxisforconstrainedrotationcaneitherbeusingtheScreenCoordinatesortheObjectUnconstrainedConstrainedXConstrainedYConstrainedWhentheleftmousebuttonispressed,aredcircleappearsonthescreen.Thisrepresentsasphereanditscenterisatthecenterofrotationoftheobject.Thecurrentrotationmodeisalsoshowninthetopleftcornerofthedisplay.Movingthemousewhileholdingthefirstbuttonrotatesthepartandalsoshowsagreenline,whichrepresentsthecurrentmouseposition(itrepresentsanarconthesphere).Oncethedesiredrotationhasbeenachieved,releasethemousebutton.Bringingthemousebacktothestartofthearcwillreturntheobjecttoitsoriginalposition.Itwilltakesomepracticetogetthefeelforrotatingtheobject.Whendealingwithanobjectthathasalargenumberofelementsthespeedrotationcanbecomeveryslow.Toenhancethespeed,onecanviewacubethatrepresentstheobjectwhiletherotationistakingplace.Oncetherotationiscomplete.Thecubewillbereplacedwiththeoriginalobject.Tousethisoption,firstholddowntheSHIFTkey,thenpressthefirstmousebuttonandfollowtheprocedureoutlinedabove.ScreenCoordinateSystemObjectCoordinateThecoordinatesystemusedforobjectrotationcanbeeithertheScreenCoordinateortheObjectCoordinatesystem.ThedefaultsettingisScreenCoordinates.Allconstrainedrotationaboutanyaxis(X,Y,orZ)isinrelationtothescreen.Xistotheright,Yisup,andZisoutofthescreen.TheObjectCoordinatesystemaxisisdisplayedinthelowerrightcorneroftheDataDisplayBox.Whenthisoptionisselected,allconstrainedrotationaboutanaxis(X,Y,orZ)isappliedrelativetotheObjectCoordinateSystem,whichisdefinedbytheXYZaxistriadinthebottomrightcornerofthedisplaysystem.Figure1.11ScreenClickonthescreencoordinatesmenuandselectaconstrainedrotationdirection(X,Y,orZ).Noticethedifferenceinbehaviorbetweenthescreenandobjectcoordinatesystems.WhatisViewRotationvs.ObjectTheviewrotationiconsonlychangethedirectionfromwhichobjectsareviewed.InordertochangethephysicalorientationoftheobjectsinthemodelyoumustusethePositionObjectsfeatureundertheInter-ObjectYoucanselectanyofthefollowingviewsbyclickingononeofthefollowingbuttons.EachbuttonwillchangetheviewoftheobjectsintheDISPLAYwindowtotheselectedaxisview.Forexample,clickingontheXYViewbuttonwillchangetheDISPLAYwindowsotheXYplaneisdisplayedintheviewport.XYViewZXViewYZViewIsometricViewPointAnypointonanobjectintheDISPLAYWindowcanbeselectedtoobtainthecorrespondingdatavaluesforthatpoint.PointClickingonanypointinawindowprintsthecoordinatesoftheTheRulertoolisahelpfultooltomeasuredistancesbetweentwoselectednodesonanobject.First,clicktheleftmousebuttonandholditonthestartingpointwiththecursorandthenmovethemousetotheendingpointandreleasethebutton.Thelinewillbedrawnwithathreedimensionaldistance.ThemeasuringlinewillremainonthescreenuntiltheRefreshbuttonisclickedinthegraphicaldisplaywindow.TheExaminetoolisahelpfultooltodeterminesurfacenodenumbersonanobjectorgeometrypoints.JustselecttheExaminebuttonandclickonasurfacenode.Thenodeshouldbehighlightedingreenandthenodenumberwillappearnexttoit.Thecoordinatesareprintedinthemessageline.OtherDisplayWindowOtherbuttonsusedintheDisplayWindowarelistedandexplainedinthefollowingsection.Thisredrawsthecompletescreen,theCTRL-Rcommandcanalsobeusedforthisoperation.Thisisespeciallyusefulifotherapplicationsarealsorunningandchangingthecolormap.WhenthishappenstheDEFORM?3Dwindowswillchangecolorasthemousemovesoutofthewindowsandintootherapplications.ClickingontheRefreshbuttonwillrefreshtheDEFORM?3Dwindowsbacktotheiroriginalcolors.FitsthedisplayedobjectsinsidethecurrentPrintThisgeneratesapost-scriptfileofthecurrentscreen.ThefilewillhavethesameinformationasallvisibleViewports.ThePrintSetupoptionunderFileintheCONTROLwindowcanbeusedtoselectthetypeofplottobegenerated.ThisbuttoncapturesthecurrentscreenimageandwritesittoaPNG(PrintableNetworkGraphics)file.Youwillbepromptedforafilenametowritetheimageto.Thisgeneratesapixelimageofscreenwidthbyscreenheightandwritesitinahighlycompressedformats(filesizesfrom30Kto200K)dependingonthecomplexityoftheimage.DisplaysallobjectswiththeirrespectivesurfaceDisplayShadingwithDisplaysallobjectswithshadingandavisiblesurfacemesh.Theshadingimplementedinthecurrentversionisaveryfastpolygonshader.Allowstheshadingofallobjectsbyusingaspecifiedlightsource.Theshadingimplementedinthecurrentversionisaveryfastpolygonshader.SavingtheOnceyouarefinishedimportingtheobjectsyoushouldsaveyourdatatoakeywordfile.ThiscanbeaccomplishedbyclickingtheSaveKeywordFilediskiconlocatednexttoKeywordintheCONTROLwindow.ThiscanalsobedonebyselectingFileandthenSavefromthemenuintheControlwindow.ExitingIfyouarecontinuingontolab2,itisnotnecessarytoexitDEFORM?3D.However,ifyouarenotgoingontolab2,followtheinstructionsintheparagraphbelow.Whenyouhavesavedthekeywordfile,youcanexitDEFORM?3DbyclickingontheExitbuttonatthebottomoftheCONTROLwindow.Youwillbeaskedifyour搒urethatyouwanttoexitthePre-Processor?",clickonthebutton.NowclickontheExitbuttonintheDEFORM?3DSYSTEMBLOCKDIEPOSITIONINGANDPRE-OffsetPositioning2-InterferencePositioning2-Inter-ObjectRelationships2-BLOCKDiePositioningandPre-ProcessingTheobjectiveofthislabistolearnthefundamentalsofsettingupasimulationinDEFORM?3D.IfyoudidnotexitDEFORM?afterlab1,gotosection2.3.OpeningaPreviouslySavedChangetothedirectorycalledBLOCK,typeDEFORM3andpressENTER.TheDEFORM?3DSystemWindowwillappear.ClickonthePre-Processorbutton.TheDEFORM?3DPre-Processorwillappear.YouwillbepromptedwhetherornotyouwouldliketoloadtheexistingkeywordfileBLOCK.KEY.ClickontheYesbuttontoloadthefile.ImportThediesneedtobeimportedintotheproblem.ClickontheObjectbuttontoopentheObjectswindow.ClickontheAddObjectsiconintheObjectswindowtoaddobject#2.Nexthighlightobject#2intheObjectTable.Thehighlightedobjectistheactiveobjectandallchangeswillapplytotheactiveobject.ChangetheObjectNametoTOPDIEthenpressENTER.ThegeometryofthedieneedstobedefinedsoclickontheGeometryicon.WewillbeloadingthegeometryinfromaSTLfilesoclickontheLoadSTLfileicon.ImportthefileTOP_DIE.STL(locatedinthe3dfilesdirectory)andpressOkinthewindow.Anerrortolerancewindowwillappearwithatoleranceof1E-5,whichissatisfactorysoclickontheOkbutton.ASurfaceInformationwindowwillappearwithasummaryoftheobjectgeometrythatyoushouldlookoverbeforeimportinganygeometry.ClickontheOkbuttonintheSurfaceInformationwindow.Inadditiontocheckingthegeometryfeaturestheorientationoftheobjectneedstobedefinedproperly.Thecorrectorientationoftheobjectisdefinedwhenthevectornormalispointingawayfromtheobjectsurface.ClickontheSurfacenormalbuttonintheGeometryutilitywindowlocatedinthebottomleftcorneroftheDISPLAYwindowtoviewthevectornormaloftheobject.Inourcase,thegeometryiscorrectsoclickOkintheGeometrywindow.IfthegeometrywasincorrectyoucanreverseitbyclickingontheReverseGeometrybutton.Createobject#3andrepeatthesamestepsthatwerefollowedforobject#ChangetheObjectNametoBOTTOMDIEandthenpressenter.ImporttheBOT_DIE.STL.Theerrortolerancewindowwillappear,clickonthebutton.ClickontheOKbuttonintheGeometrywindowtoreturntotheObjectswindow.NextclickOKintheObjectswindowwhichwillreturnyoutothemainPre-processorwindow.AllthreeobjectsshouldbedisplayedintheDisplaywindow(Figure2.1).Figure2.1ObjectsintheDisplaySettingDieThemovementofthediesneedstobeset.Inourcase,theTOPDIEwillbemovingdownontheBLOCK.ClickontheObjectsbutton,selecttheTOPDIEintheObjecttableandclickontheMovementbutton.Thediewillbemovingbytranslationalataconstantspeed.Setthespeedto1in/secandthedirectionto(0,0,-1).ClickontheOkbuttontheMovementControlwindowandclickOkintheObjectswindow.SettingMaterialThematerialpropertiesoftheobjectsmustbespecified.Theworkpiecehasbeenassignedthematerialtypeplastic,thereforetheonlydatathatmustbeinputaretheplasticpropertiessuchastheflowstress.Ifthematerialtypewereelastic,thentheelasticdatawouldberequiredaswellastheplasticproperties.Inaddition,ifthesimulationwerenon-isothermal(varyingtemperature)thenthethermalpropertieswouldberequired.Thematerialpropertiesofthediesdonothavetobespecifiedbecausetheirobjecttypesarerigid,andhencedonotundergoanydeformationuponloading.Inthissimulationweareinterestedinthedeformationoftheworkpiece.Therefore,weneedtospecifytheplasticpropertiesoftheworkpiece.ClickontheMaterialPropertiesbuttontoopentheMaterialPropertieswindow.ClickontheLoadFlowStressData.button.SelectthematerialAISI-1035-COLDandclickontheOkbuttonintheMaterialDatabasewindow.ClickontheOkbuttonintheMaterialPropertieswindow.SettingSimulationIntheControlwindow,clickontheSimulationControlsbutton.ClickontheStoppingStepbuttonintheSimulationControlswindow.TheStoppingandStepControlswindowwillappear(Figure2.2).Thisiswhereallparametersrelatingtosimulationsteppingorstoppingthesimulationareset.Figure2.2-StoppingandStepControlsSettheStartingStepNumber(NSTART)to-1.ThenegativesignindicatesthatitisaremeshingstepanditiswrittenbythePre-Processor.SettheNumberofSimulationSteps(NSTEP)to20.Thismeansthatunlessthesimulationhasstoppedprematurely,thesimulationwillrun20steps.NowsettheStepIncrementtoSave(STPINC)to2.Thismeansthateverytwostepsofthesimulationwillbewrittentothedatabase.SetthePrimaryDie(PDIE(1))to2.ThePrimaryDieisthemovingdie,andisusedasacontrolformanystoppingandstepcontrols.Nowwewilldeterminethestepsizeusingthemeasuretoolfromthegraphicsutilitymenutocheckthesizeofanelement.Clickonthemeasuringtoolbutton,,andthenclickontwoadjacentnodesintheDISPLAYwindow.Thesideofanelementisabout0.5".Forasimplesimulationwecanuseabout1/3ofthisvalue,or0.15in/step.SettheSolutionControlstoStepbyStrokeandsetDSMAXto0.15.Inaddition,clickontheAdvancedStepControlsbuttontosettheDTSUB=1.Thispreventsanysub-steppingfromoccurringbetweensteps.ThesimulationwillrunfasterwithDTSUBsetto1.ClickontheOKbuttonwhenyouarefinished.ClickOKintheStoppingandStepControlswindow,andagainintheSimulationControlswindow.Inter-ObjectWewillnowdefinehowtheobjectsinteractwitheachother.IntheControlwindow,clickontheInter-Objectbutton.TheInter-Objectwindowwillappear(Figure2.3).NowclickontheInterfaceConditionsicon.WemustdefineMaster-Slaverelationshipsbetweentheworkpieceandthetools.SelecttheBLOCKintheObject1tableandtheTOPDIEintheObject2table.TheBLOCKistheslavetotheTOPDIEsoclicktheSlave-Mastercontactrelation.SettheFrictiontoavalueof0.1.Shearfrictionisacceptable.NowHOWSHOULDIDETERMINESTEPSIZE?Solutionstepcontrolsdeterminethemaximumstepsizethatasimulationwilltake.Stepcanbedeterminedbydiestrokeortime.Fordeformationproblemsstrokecontrolisgenerallybetter.Forsimplegeometrieswithoutflowaroundcornersorotherextremelylocalizedregionsofseveredeformation,stepsizecanbeaslargeasabout1/3oftheedgelengthofthesmallerelementsinthemodel.Forextremelycomplexgeometriessuchasaforgingwithflashoraflatfacedieextrusion,stepsizemayneedtobeassmallas1/10oftheedgelengthofthesmallerelements.Toolargeastepsizemayleadtorapidmeshdegradation.Toosmallastepwillcauseunnecessarilylongruntimes.Itmaybeusefultostopasimulationpartwaythroughandrestartitwithadifferentstepsizeiftheflowpatternchanges,ifremeshingisfailing,orifthegeometryissimpleandthesimulationseemstoberunningtooslowly.selecttheBOTTOMDIEintheObject2tableandclickSlave-Masteragain.SettheFrictiontoavalueof0.1.ClickOKtoreturntotheInterObjectFigure2.3-Inter-ObjectClickonthePositionObjecticonintheInter-Objectwindow.TheObjectPositioningwindowwillappear(Figure2.4).Therearethreemainmethodsofpositioning:OffsetPositioning,InterferencePositioning,andRotationalFigure2.4-ObjectPositioningOffsetOffsetpositioningisusedtospecifyaknownoffsetDistancebywhichtopositiontheobject.Firstselecttheobjectthatistobepositioned.Inourcase,selectthetopdie(Object2)fromthePositiontable.ThedistancebywhichwewishtooffsettheobjectistypedintotheDistancetextboxinX,Y,andZcoordinates.SettheXdistanceto0?theYdistanceto1?andtheZdistanceto1?Nowthatthedistanceissetwecanpositiontheobject.ClickonthePositionObjectsbuttonatthebottomoftheObjectPositioningwindow.ThetopDieshouldmoveupandtotherightofthebillet(Figure2.5).Tomovetheobjectback,settheX,Y,Zdistanceto0,-1,-1.ClickonthePositionObjectsbuttonagainandthediewillmovebacktoitsoriginalposition.Figure2.5-TopDiepositionedintheDisplayInterferenceInInterferencepositioning,theobjectbeingpositionedwillbemovedsothatthearea,whichoverlapswiththeReferenceobject,willbethedistancespecifiedintheinterferencebox.Itisgoodpracticetoalwaysspecifytheworkpieceasthereferenceobject,andpositionthediesontheworkpiece.SelectInterferenceasthepositionmethod.Nowselecttheobjectyouwishtomove.WewillbemovingthetopdiesoselectObject2inthePositiontable.Nowselecttheobjectwewishtouseasareferenceobject.Selectobject1intheReferencetable.TheobjectselectedinthePositiontablewillbehighlightedinredandtheReferenceobjectwillbehighlightedingreenintheDisplayFigure2.6-ObjectPositioningWearegoingtomovethetopdietocontacttheblockwitha0.001interference.SettheInterferencetextboxtoavalueof0.001.TheApproachDirectionwillbethedirectionwhichtheobjecttobepositionedwillapproachfrom.Thisisrepresentedbyavector.Sincethetopdieshouldbecomingstraightdown,theApproachDirectionshouldbesettoanX,Y,Zvalueof(0,0,-1)(Figure2.).NowclickonthePositionObjectsbutton.Thetopdiewillmovedownuntiltheoverlapbetweenitandtheblockis0.001?Now,positionthebottomdietocontacttheblockusingtheinterferencemethod.TheresultofthepositioningisshowninFigure2.Figure2.7-DisplayRotationalSelectRotationalasthePositionMethod.SelectObject1toposition.Wemustdefineanaxisaboutwhichthepartwillberotated.Thisisdonebydefininganendpointandadirectionvector.EnterCenteras(4,0,0).WewillrotateabouttheZaxis,soenterthedirectionAxisvectoras(0,0,1).EnterarotationAngleof45degrees,andclickPositionObjects.Noticethatthebillethasbeenrepositionedrelativetotheotherobjectsinthedisplay.Nowenteranangleof?5degrees,andclickPositionObjectsagaintoreturnthebillettoitsoriginalposition.ClickOKtoreturntotheInterObjectwindow.Inter-ObjectClickontheGenerateBCCbuttontoopentheGenerateBCCwindow.ClickontheGenerateBCCbuttontogeneratethecontactpoints.NoticethecontactpointsintheDISPLAY,theyshouldberedandgreenpointsbetweenthebilletandbothdies.ClickOkintheGenerateBCCwindowandthenclickOkintheInter-Objectwindow.GeneratingaNow,adatabasefilemustbegeneratedfortheproblem.TheFEMengine(thepartofDEFORM?thatcalculatesthesolutions)usesadatabasefileinordertostorethefiniteelementsolutionsfortheproblem.WhenyougenerateadatabaseintheDEFORM?Pre-Processor,thesimulationdata,suchasthematerialpropertiesandmovementcontrolsistransferredtothedatabasefile.ClickontheDatabasebutton.ClickontheGeneratebutton.ChecktheMessagewindowtoensurethatdatabasehasbeenproperlygenerated.ClickontheOkbuttonintheGenerateDatabasewindow.SavingtheClickontheSaveKeywordFilediskiconlocatednexttoKeywordintheControlwindowtosavethecurrentchangesyoujustmade.DEFORM?willaskifyouwanttowriteovertopoftheexistingkeyword,clickontheYesExitingIfyouarecontinuingontolab3,itisnotnecessarytoexitDEFORM?3D.However,ifyouarenotgoingontolab3,followtheinstructionsintheparagraphbelow.Whenyouhavesavedthekeywordfile,youcanexitDEFORM?3DbyclickingontheExitbuttonatthebottomoftheControlwindow.Youwillbeaskedifyour搒urethatyouwanttoexitthePre-Processor??clickontheYesbutton.NowclickontheExitbuttonintheDEFORM?3DSystemwindow.BLOCKFORGINGSIMULATION&StepSelection3-SimulationSummary3-StateVariables3-Pointtracking3-Slicingobjects3-BLOCKForgingSimulation&ThislabfocusesonstartingasimulationandviewingtheresultsintheDEFORM?3DPost-processor.OpeningaPreviouslySavedToopenapreviouslysavedproblem,changetothedirectorycalledBLOCK,typeDEFORM3andpressENTER.TheDEFORM?3DSystemWindowwillappear.EntertheSimulationwindowbyclickingontheSimulationbutton.TheDEFORM?3DSimulationwindowwillappearwiththedatabaseBLOCK.DBlistedintheDatabasetextbox(Figure3.1).Ifthisdoesnotappear,thenyoudidnotgeneratethedatabaseproperlyandyoumustgobacktolab2.Figure3.1-SimulationwindowStartingtheIntheSimulationwindow,clickontheStartSimulationbutton.Thesimulationcanbemonitoredasitisrun.Tomonitoranynumberofsimulations,clickontheProcessMonitorbuttonintheDEFORM?3DSystemwindow.TheProcessMonitorwindowwillappearwithyoursimulationlisted(Figure3.2).Ifyoursimulationhasfinishedornoprocessesarecurrentlyrunning,youwillbenotifiedbytheDEFORM?3DSystem.TheProcessMonitorwindowisusedtolistanysimulationsarecurrentlyrunning.ClickontheOKbuttonintheProcessMonitorwindowwhenthesimulationisfinished.Figure3.2-ProcessMonitorPost-ProcessingtheClickonthePost-ProcessorbuttontoPost-Processtheresultsofthesimulation.Youshouldseethemessage:ClickontheYesbuttontoloadthedatabasewindowandtheControlwindow(FigureStepToselectthesteptobeviewed,thereisasteplistontherightsideoftheDisplaywindow.Youcanclickonthesteptoselectit,oryoucanyoucanusethefollowingbuttons:StepReverseStepForwardFastForwardPlay(Forward)TheRewindbuttonwillselectthefirststepinthesimulation,whiletheFastForwardbuttonwillselectthelaststoredstep.TheReversebuttonwillmovebackonestepinthesimulation.TheForwardbuttonwillmoveforwardonestepinthesimulation.ThePlaybuttonwilldisplayeachstep,pauseforamoment,andloadthenextstepinthesimulation.Whenitreachestheendofthesimulation,itwillcyclebacktothebeginningandcontinueplaying.ThePlay(Reverse)buttonbehavesthesameasthePlaybutton,butwilldisplaythestepsbackwards,orintheoppositeorder.TostopeitherPlayorPlay(Reverse),youmustclickonthestopbutton.SimulationYoucanseeoverallresultsofanystepbyclickingontheSummarybuttonintheControlwindow.TheSimulationSummarywindowwillappear(Figure3.4).Thiscontainsinformationonthecurrentdatabase.Youcanviewinformationonthegivenvariablesforanyobjectinanystepofthesimulation.FirstselectastepfromtheSteplist,andthentheobjectfromtheObjectlistbox.Thetextboxesforeachvariablewillshowthecurrentvaluesforthestepandobjectselected.ClickontheOKbuttonwhenyouarefinished.Figure3.4-SimulationSummaryStateToviewaStateVariableclickontheStateVariablebutton.TheStateVariablewindowwillappear(Figure3.5).SelectStraininthefirstwindowandEffectiveinthesecondwindow.Thenselectshadedcontour.PressOKintheStateVariablewindow.TheDisplaywindowshouldchangeanddisplayashadedcontourplotofeffectivestrain.Presstheplaybutton.Whenyouarefinished,pressthestopbutton.YoucanchangetheplottypefromShadedContourtoLineContourbyclickingontheLineContouricon.Theplotshouldchangetoalinecontourplot.Youcanchangethestepshownbyselectinganewstepfromthesteplist.Figure3.5-StateVariablePointInDEFORM?itispossibletotrackpointsfromstarttofinishwithastatevariableassignedforthepoints.Firstselectstep-1inthestepselector.ToviewaPointTrackinggraph,clickonthePointTrackingbuttonintheControlwindow.ThePointTrackingwindowwillappear(Figure3.6).Figure3.6-DisplayNextclickonDefineMaterialPointsandTrack.TheDefineMaterialPointsandTrackwindowshouldappear(Figure3.7).Todefinepoints,clickontheobjectwhereyouwanttotrackpoints.IntheDisplaywindowclickontheobjectselectingpointssimilartothoseinFigure3.Figure3.7-MaterialpointsFigure3.8-DisplayNextclickontheOKbuttonintheDefineMaterialPointsandTrackwindow.Nextcreatetwoviewports(Figure).DoubleFigure3.9-CreatingtwoThereshouldnowbetwoviewportsintheDisplaywindow(Figure3.8).Clickinsideofthebottomviewportortheviewportwithoutthepointtrackingdata.Thisactivatesthatspecificviewporthighlightingitingreen.Figure3.8-Displaywindow(twoReturntothePointTrackingwindow.NowclickontheGeneratePointTrackingGraphsbutton.SelectStrainrateinonewindowandEffectiveintheother(Figure3.9).ClickontheOKbutton.PointtrackingdatashouldappearintheDisplaywindow(Figure3.10).PressOKandplaythroughthesteps.Asyouplaythesteps,agreenverticallinewilldisplaythepointonthegraphsforthatparticularstep.Figure3.9-PointTrackingGraphswindowFigure3.10-DisplaywindowSlicingInDEFORM?3Ditispossibletosliceanobjectandviewdifferentstatevariableswiththeobjectsliced.Selecttheviewportwiththeobjectsinthem.Thenreturntoasingleviewportmode.Ifyouarepromptedwithmessagesaskingifyouwanttodeleteorremovepointtrackingdata,clickontheYesbutton.NextclickonthePointTrackingbuttonandclickontheDeletePointTrackingData.NextclickontheObjectsbutton.Theworkpieceorobject1shouldalreadybehighlighted.ThereisaboxlabeledFillmesh.Clickinsidethisboxputtingaxinit(Figure3.11).Thiswillremovethefillingofthemeshfortheobjectthatisselected,inthiscaseobject1.Figure3.11-ObjectsClickOKintheobjectswindow.NextclickontheSliceObjectsicon.Slicingwindowshouldappear(FigureFigure3.12-SlicingArectanglewillsurroundtheworkpieceintheDisplaywindow.Byclickingonaverticallineontheobject,ahorizontalslicingplanecanbecreated.Byclickingonahorizontallineontheboxaverticalslicingplanecanbecreated.Furthermore,oncetheplanehasbeenselected,itcanberotatedusingtherotationaliconsinthebottomofthedisplaywindow.Thereisavectorwhichpointstothesideoftheobjectwhichwillbekeptoncetheobjectissliced.Ifonewishestokeep