2022海上风电技术发展

PAGEPAGE10海上风电技术发展内容内容风电发展现状风电发展的技术问题及挑战主要风电并网技术方案将来的研发重点•风电发展背景WorldElectricityDemandSettoDoubleAdditional4,800GWnewcapacityby2030TrackedbyCO2emissionsEnvironmentconcernEUCoreObjectives(20-20-20Targets,2008)Greenhousegasemissionsreductionby20%by2020(below1990level)20%increaseinenergyefficiencyby202020%renewableenergyby2020China(2009)Aimstoreducecarbonemissionsrelativetoeconomicgrowth(GDP)by40to45%by2020(below2005level)••海上风电–美国的发展海上风电–美国的发展OffshoreWindPowerinUS397.5万海上风电–欧洲的发展海上风电–欧洲的发展WindPowerinEurope2010欧洲2010风电总容量installedcapacityinEurope欧洲总装机86.3GWinstalledcapacityinEU欧共体总装机84.3GW5.204GW27.214GW5.660GW5.797GW20.676GW海上风电–欧洲的发展（英国）海上风电–欧洲的发展（英国）OffshoreWindFarmsintheUKRounds1&2第一及第二轮Round1:2002,15sites;60-90MWeachRound2:2005,15sites,upto1200MWeach,7.17GW海上风电–欧洲的发展（英国）海上风电–欧洲的发展（英国）OffshoreWindFarmsintheUKRound3第三轮海上风电Round3:9Sites,25GW(2500万)Proposed 海上风电–欧洲的发展（英国）海上风电–欧洲的发展（英国）OffshoreWindFarmsintheUKRound3第三轮海上风电海上风电–欧洲的发展海上风电–欧洲的发展WindShareofTotalElectricityConsumptioninEurope2010欧洲2010年风电在总电力消耗的比重海上风电–欧洲的发展海上风电–欧洲的发展EuropeanWindInitiative(EWI,EWEA)欧洲风电发展的目标–20%in2020(230GW)–33%in2030(400GW)–50%in20502010年世界风电发展2010年世界风电发展WindPowerintheworldin2010China: 42.29GW–USA: 40.18GWGermany 27.21GWSpain: 20.68GWWorld: 194.39GWSource:GWEC–GlobalWind2010Report中国风电发展中国风电发展OnshoreWindPowerinChinain2010Connectedcapacity:29.56GWConstructedcapacity:41.6GW(includingtheconnectedcapacity)6windfarmsites/areas,eachofthemwillbeover10GWincapacity(NorthWest,NorthEast,NorthChina三华地区)WindFarmLocationsConnectedWindPowerandIncreasing%ConnectedWind EachYearPower(GW) Increasing(%)29.56(GW)(%)17.679.712.094.19Source:WindPowerDevelopment-WhitePaper,2011风机的发展WindTurbine风机的发展WindTurbineWindTurbine(WT)DevelopmentSource:UpWind,EWEAChinaWT5MW,6MWWindpowerproportionaltowindspeedscubed中国风电发展中国风电发展MixedOnshore/OffshoreWindPowerinChina2sites(>10GWeach)PlannedcapacityOffshoreWindFarmLocations2015:5GW（500万）2020:30GW（3000万）30GW3000(2020)内容内容风电发展现状风电发展的技术问题及挑战主要并网技术方案将来的研发重点2.风电发展技术问题及挑战2.风电发展技术问题及挑战Whatkindofelectricitydowewanttohave?GreenReliable2.风电发展技术问题及挑战Wind2.风电发展技术问题及挑战WindPowerFluctuation功率波动TypicalWinterDailyWindPowerCurvesinLiaoNingProvinceTime(Hour)Source:WindPowerDevelopment-WhitePaper,2011GaoShangZiCiEnSi HePing NanXiaoLiuWindPower(MW)2.风电发展技术问题及挑战2.风电发展技术问题及挑战WindPowerFluctuation风功率波动CutinSpeedCutoffSpeedYXCapacityFactor30–40%Source:AliIpakchi,2009IEEEpower&energymagazine2.风电发展技术问题及挑战Wind2.风电发展技术问题及挑战WindPowerFluctuation风功率的反调峰特性Typicalwinterdailyloadandwindpowercurves,JilinProvince,ChinaLoad负荷EquivalentLoad等消负荷WindPowerGenerationWindPowerGenerationloadTime(hour)Load(EquivalentLoad=Load–WindPowerGeneration) Source:WindPowerDevelopment-WhitePaper,2011WindPower(MW)Load(MW)2.风电发展技术问题及挑战2.风电发展技术问题及挑战Reactive/VoltageControl无功/电压控制–MostCommonTypesofWindTurbineGeneratorsFixedSpeedInductionGenerators(FSIG)衡速风机DoublyFedInductionGenerators(DFIG)双馈风机P,QDirectDriveSynchronousGenerator(DDSG)直驱风机+Q+QP100%+Q P100%P0% 100%-Q0%-Q0%-Q2.风电发展技术问题及挑战2.风电发展技术问题及挑战MainIssuesChallenges–Therewillbe8sites,andeachwiththeinstalledcapacityover10GW–bulkwindpowerIneachsite,windfarmsareverycentralizedinthesamearea,andmostofthemarefarawayfromtheloadcentre高度集中，远离负荷中心Developmentofwindfarmsisfasterthantransmissionsystemreinforcement–transmissioncongestion风电超前电网发展-网络拥挤Bulkwindpowerwillresultinbigimpactontransmissionsystemstabilityifwindfarmsaredisconnectedsuddenly大规模风电故障将对输电网产生重大影响WindFarmLocations30GW(2020)>2000km2.风电发展技术问题及挑战2.风电发展技术问题及挑战MainIssuesandChallengesGenerationsourcestructure&reserveissuesforpeak-shaving&generation-loadbalanceRichwindsourceregionsarealsotheregionswithmanyexistingcoalfiredpowerplants,whicharenormallyoperatedattheirmaximumloadconditioninwinter,duetoconstantthermalloaddemand–theyhavelesscapabilityforpeak-shavingPeak-shavingcapabilitiesofpump-storagepowerplantsarelimitedbylowwaterseasoninwinterWindturbineinstallationswerefasterthandevelopmentofGirdCodestandardforwindfarmgridconnection风电发展快于并网标准的发展Girdcodestandardwasnotappliedwhenmanywindfarmswereconnected,andmanywindfarmsdidn’thavefaultridethroughcapabilityalthoughtheywereconnectedwithgrid许多并网风电场并不满足并网技术要求内容内容风电发展现状风电发展的技术问题及挑战主要并网技术方案将来的研发重点风电并网标准风电并网标准ConnectionRequirements–GridCode风电并网标准风电并网标准KeyGridCodeRequirementsforConnectionSource:UpWind,EWEA风电并网标准–低电压故障穿越风电并网标准–低电压故障穿越GridCodeRequirement–FaultRideThrough–Comparisonoffaultridethroughrequirements.(Source:IEAWindTask25,2009)–LowVoltageRideThrough低电压穿越要求China GridConnectionPointVgriddip0.625sGTrippingAreaWindFarm风电并网标准–高电压故障穿越风电并网标准–高电压故障穿越GridCodeRequirement-FaultRideThrough–HighVoltageRideThrough高电压穿越要求TrippingAreaGrid1.2ConnectionPoint Vgrid1.0dipTrippingAreaVoltageDurationCurve(Source:WECC-WesternElectricityCoordinatingCouncil)GWindFarm可选的风电并网技术可选的风电并网技术EnablingTechnologiesforWindFarmConnectionsDirectConnection风电场经交流输电并网ConnectionCombinedwithReactivePowerCompensation风电场经交流输电并网并加并联无功补偿Capacitors/Reactors并联电容器及电抗器SVC(StaticVarCompensator)静止无功补偿器STATCOM(StaticSynchronousCompensator)静止同步补偿器ACombinationofAboveHVDCConnection风电场经高压直流输电技术并网VoltageSourceHVDC(VSHVDC电压源型高压直流输电技术LineCommutatedHVDC(LCHVDC)电流源型高压直流输电技术Off-shoreHVDCGridUsingVSCTechnology多端电压源型高压直流输电技术AdvancedWindPowerManagementSystems应用先进的自动化系统IIVSVC QVVSVCjX S XiiL()iC1iC2SWLSW1SW2无功补偿及控制StaticVarCompensator(SVC)无功补偿器SVC:TCR+TSCAcombinationofCandLelementscangivecompletecoverageLelementcanbecontrolledCelementcanonlybeswitchedTCRelementcanbeusedtodecreasecapacitivecontributionVs2TSC1TSCTCRonly+TCR+TCRBC(max) C=2BBL(max)ICIC(max)IL(max)ILSources:HeinzK.Tyll,SiemensAGVVSI VCXIIXICC|Vc|<|Vs|InductivecurrentIVSVCjX|Vc|>|Vs|CapacitivecurrentQVSVSVCXSjXI无功补偿及控制StaticSynchronousCompensator(STATCOM静止同步补偿器AcontrolledvoltagesourceisinjectedinphasewiththenetworkvoltageTheamplitudeoftheinjectedvoltageiscontrolledtoregulatethereactivepowerThevoltagesourceisgeneratedbypowerelectronicsconverterGeneratorspeed(pu)andGeneratorspeed(pu)andFISG风电场中的应用ACConnectionwithoutDynamicReactiveCompensationTimeFaultridethroughcapability−3-PhaseFaultatt=0.5sec,andlastedfor0.14s−WithoutSVC/STATCOM,thevoltageattheconnectionpointdidnotrecoverandFISG风电场中的应用ACConnection+SVCorSTATCOMforDynamicReactiveCompensationFor“Short”WindFarmConnectionDistanceUsingSVCorSTATCOMforreactivepowercompensation132kV132kV11kV60MW132kV50Hz2Z=2R+j2XZ=R+jXP+jQZ=R+jXZ=R+jXjQPFC28Mvar3-PhasefaultSVC/STATCOMFig.SchematicdiagramofthesimulatedsystemandFISG风电场中的应用PerformanceComparisonbetweenSVCandandFISG风电场中的应用PerformanceComparisonbetweenSVCandSTATCOMTime(s)Time(s)TimeTime(s)Faultridethroughcapability−3-PhaseFaultatt=0.5sec,andlastedfor0.14s−STATCOMisbetterthanSVC–SystemrecoveredfastReactivepower(MVar)Networkvoltage(pu)Generatorspeed(pu)Electrictorque(pu)在系统中的部点implementationstrategies−AtTurbineLevel−AtGridConnectingorCollectorPointLevelKeydecisionmakingcriteria−EaseofAccess−MeanTimeBetweenFailure−Losses−Capital&OperatingCostsStationCostDCStationCostDCStationsDCBreakEvenDistanceACACStationsTransmissionDistance为什么要用HVDC并网为什么要用HVDC并网SometimesHVDCistheonlyoptionLCCHVDCConnectionSolution电流源型HVDC并网LCCHVDCConnectionSolution电流源型HVDC并网ForLargeRemoteWindFarmConnectionUsingLCCHVDCtogetherwithaSTATCOMOffshoreWindFarm500MWOffshoreHybridHVDCConverterStationOnshoreHVDCConverterStation400kV50Hz500MW+500kV1000A145kV50HzFigure:WindfarmconnectionusingLCCHVDCTransmissionVSCHVDCConnectionSolution电压源型HVDC并网VSCHVDCConnectionSolution电压源型HVDC并网ForLargeRemoteWindFarmConnectionUsingVSCbasedHVDCsystemQ1PQ2IC1Network UC1UC2 1VSCVSC Network2DCtransmissionlineVSC=VoltageSourceConverterCapacitornormallyusedasenergystorageVSCusesself-commutateddevicessuchas:–IGBT(InsulatedGateBipolarTransistor)VSCgeneratesitsownvoltageinthereceivingsystemwithcontrolledamplitudeandphaseangleStation2Station1关键研发科题关键研发科题KeyActivities/ProjectsIntegratedwindpowerforecasting,monitoringandcontrollingsystemVerificationofGridCodecomplianceforfarms-FaultRideThroughvalidationGridsystemreinforcementGridstabilitycontrolsystemPMUbasedWAMsystemVSCHVDCTechnology风功率预报及监控Integratedwindpowerforecasting,monitoringandcontrollingsystemforwindfarm(atwindfarmlevel)–Windpowerforecasting(sampling:every15mins),activeandreactivecontrolandmanagement,faultdiagnosisNS2000WindFarmMonitoringandControlSystem风功率预报及监控风功率预报及监控Coordinatedwindpowerdispatchsystem(atgridlevel)–Windpowerdispatchbetweenwindfamesinthesamewindfarmsite/areatomeetthegridoperationrequirement故障穿越认证故障穿越认证Validationofwindfarmgridcodecompliance–FaultridethroughtestingLowvoltageridethroughtestingfora1.5MWDFIGatShuanlongwindfarminJilinprovince(吉林长岭双龙风电场1.5MW双馈风电机组低电压穿越测试）故障穿越认证故障穿越认证ValidationofgridcodecomplianceforlargePVs–LargePVtestingcentre(SGEPRI)MobiletestfacilityforsmallPVstations风光储输示范项目风光储输示范项目DemonstrationProject–Wind(100MW),PV(40MW),Storage(20MW)andTransmission国家风光储输示范工程（河北张家口）内容内容风电发展现状风电发展的技术问题及挑战主要并网技术方案将来的研发重点将来的研发重点将来的研发重点FurtherdevelopmentofUHVACandUHVDCtransmissionsystems,toformthe“Strong”UHVAC&UHVDCgrids,includingprojectsUHVDCHamitoHenan（哈密-河南）JiuquantoHuan（酒泉-湖南）UHVAC:XimengtoNanjing锡盟-南京MenxitoChangsha（蒙西-长沙）2700kM±800kV,2400kM±800kV2300kMSource:WindPowerDevelopment-WhitePaper,1000kVAC将来的研发重点将来的研发重点Furtherdevelopthe“StrongSmartGrid”techniquesinordertoimplementoptimaloperationoftransmissionsystemwithbulkwindpowerintegrations.TheseincludethedevelopmentofAccuratewindpowerforecastingfordispatchCoordinateddispatchandcontroltechniquesIntegratedsmartsubstation,etc将来的研发重点将来的研发重点Developmentofstoragetechnologies,mainlypump-storagepowerplant(Fen-ningpumpstoragehydroplantetc)–2015,18.4GW–2020,40GWFigure1:Typicalstoragecapa