词汇部分专项复习

词汇局部专项复习一、构词法1.动词f名词workfworkerinvent^inventorteach-teachersing^singervisitfvisitordrive^driverinvent^inventionoperate^operation2.名词f名词farm^farmerpolice-policemanFrench-Frenchman.名词一形容词carefcarefuluse->usefulsun^sunnycloud^cloudywind^windyrain^rainyAmerica-AmericanChina->Chineseinterest-*^interestingdifference^differentice^icy.形容词一副词quickfquicklyhappyfhappilypossible-^possiblytrue-^trulypolite-politelywide-widely.形容词一反义词happyfunhappyusualfunusualable-tunable二、常用词、词组和短语的英语解释例如：lookafter—takecareofrightaway-atoncerightnow—nowhavearest-takearestinthemiddleof-inthecentreofdowellin—begoodat三、兼类词和多义词的词类及用法例如：rightadj.正确的I5mwrong.Youareright.我错了你是对的。adv.恰恰，正好It'srightonyourhead.它正好在你头上。n.右边LiMingsitsonmyright.李明坐在我右边。backn.背，后背，后部adv.向后，回原处Putyourhandsbehindyourback.[n.）把手放在背后。He'11beback（adv.〕intenminutes.他十分钟后回来。pooradj.贫穷的；可怜的；不好的Hewastoopoortobuyanewcoat.他穷得买不起一件新外套。Thepooroldmanhadnoroomtolivein.这位可怜的老人没有地方住。rmpooratsinging.我不擅于唱歌。callv.称呼，取名；呼唤，叫来；大声说，叫喊n.叫，喊（一次），通话TheboywascalledMingming.这个男孩被叫做明明。.你最好请位医生。Ihearsomeonecalling.我听见有人在叫。Iheardacallforhelp.我听到呼救的声音。I511giveyouacalllater.我以后再给你打。四、同义词（近义词），反义词〔对应词）的词类及用法例如：any和some二者都有“一些〃的意思，any多用于疑问句和否认句，some多用于肯定句。但在表示请求、邀请、期待肯定答复的问句中，常用some替代any。Icanseesomeflowersinthegarden.Ican'tseeanytreesthere.Wouldyoulikesomewaterborrowlendborrow常和from搭配，表示“借来〃”借入〃lend常与to搭配，表示“借给……〃”借出〃WillyoupleaselendmeyourbikeSorry,I'velentittoTom.Thankyouallthesame.I'11borrowitfromothers.take,bring,carrytake：将某物或某人带离说话人那里。bring则相反，是带到说话人处。例如：Bringyourbookheretomorrow.Couldyoutakeittotheclassroomcarry是随身携带，不说明来去的方向，如：Ican'tcarrythebox.It'stooheavy.find,lookfor,findoutfind意为“找到〃，lookfor是“寻觅〃，findout是“觉察、查明（真相）〃Ican'tfindmyticket.I5mlookingforit.Theyaretryingtofindoutwhobrokethewindow.look,see,watchlook是“看〃，经常和at搭配，lookat看如：Lookatthepicture.see是“看见"o如：Canyouseethepicturewatch是“观看〃如：IwaswatchingTVattenyesterday.other,theother,others,anotherother可作为形容词，意为“其他的〃如：Whatotherthingscanyousee要注意掌握one…theother的用法，表示〔两者中的）一个…另一个，如：Ihavetwoballs.Oneisred,theotherisgreen.others泛指其它的人或物。theothers表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物〃，如：Somestudentsareplayingbasketball,（the）othersareplayingfootball.another意为“另一个"。如：Iwantanotherapple.speak,say,talk,tellspeak重在指人们对言语的掌握或使用。say强调说话的内容，talk指交谈或连续说话，常与with或to搭配。tell意为告诉。如：IcanspeakalittleEnglish.Hesaidhewasgoingtobeateacher.WhataretheytalkingaboutCanyoutellmethewaytothecinematoo,also,eithertoo,also,either都表示“也〃。too用在句末，只用于肯定句。also置于句中，也只用于肯定句。either通常置于句末，用于否认句。如：Iamateacher,too.Sheisalsoateacher.Heisntateacher,either.reach,arrive,getto三者都表示到达。“getto+地点〃多用于口语。reach是及物动词，后面直接加地点。airrive是不及物动词，要用介词in或at再加地点，较大地点用in,较小的地点用at,如：HavetheyarrivedinBeijingTheyreachedBeijinglastnight.Igettoschoolatseveneveryday.cost,pay,spendcost的主语只能是“物〃，不能是人。spend一般是用人而不是用物做主语。cost表示“值（多少）钱〃“花费〃，spend表示“花费〃”度过〃。pay表示付款。可以记住以下句型：1）主语（物）+cost+X.+sth