tpo1 31阅读答案详细tpo30

TPO30-R-Q1Theword”innumerable”inthepassageisclosestinthemeaningto Accordingtoparagraph1,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT happeningslowlyandgraduallyGapsinthefossilrecordwereused

ThePaceofEvolutionaryAheateddebatehasenlivenedrecentstudiesofevolution.Darwin’soriginalthesis,andtheviewpointsupportedbyevolutionarygradualists,isthatspecieschangecontinuouslybutslowlyandinsmallincrements.Suchchangesareallbutinvisibleovertheshorttimescaleofmodernobservations,and,itisargued,theyareusuallyobscuredbyinnumerablegapsintheimperfectfossil

批注[微软用户1]:正确答案：A。的，B是偶然的，C是大的，D是重复的。这个单词是numerable加否定[微软用户2]:正确答案C。A答案对应第一段第二句，B对应第一段第三句，D对应一段最后一句。C与原文冲突，原文一直在说darwinexplainwhyitisdifficulttoseesmallchangesintheevolutionofDarwin’sevolutionarythesiswasrejectedbecausesmallchangescouldnotbeobservedintheevolutionaryrecordBytheearlytwentiethcentury,mostbiologistsbelievedthatgradualismexplainedevolutionarychangeParagraph1ismarkedwithan

recordGradualismwithitsstressontheslowpaceofchange,isacomfortingposition,repeatedoverandoveragainingenerationsoftextbooks.Bytheearlytwentiethcentury,thequestionabouttherateofevolutionhadbeenansweredinfavorofgradualismtomostbiologists’Q3Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.Thepunctuatedequilibriumhypothesischallengedgradualism,whichholdsthatspeciesevolveinrelativelysuddenburstsofbriefduration.ThepunctuatedequilibriumhypothesisdevelopedbyStephenJayGouldandNilesEldredgewaschallengedin1972.

SometimesaclosedquestionmustbereopenedasnewevidenceornewargumentsbasedonoldevidencecomeJayGouldandNilesEldredgechallengedconventionalwisdomwithanopposingviewpoint,thepunctuatedequilibriumtolight.In1972paleontologistJayGouldandNilesEldredgechallengedconventionalwisdomwithanopposingviewpoint,thepunctuatedequilibriumrisetonewspeciesinrelativelyhypothesiswhichpositsthatspeciesgiverisetonewspeciesinrelativelybursts,withoutalengthybursts,withoutalengthy的发生是withoutlengthyperiodTheseepisodesofrapidevolution的。DIn1972StephenJayGouldand areseparatedbyrelativelylong positingthatchangefromonespeciesto

spansduringwhichaspeciesmayhardlychangeatall.anothercannotoccurwithoutalengthytransitionperiodThepunctuatedequilibriumhypothesis,inoppositiontogradualism,holdsthattransitionsfromonespeciestoanotheroccurincomparativelysuddenburst. Accordingtoparagraph1and2, Accordingtoparagraph1and2,thepunctuatedequilibriumhypothesisthegradualismhypothesisdifferedWhetherallspeciesundergoWhetherevolutionproceedsataconstantHowmanynewspeciesoccuroverlongperiodsoftimeParagraph1andparagraph2aremarkedwithanarrow>

[微软用户4]:正确答案C。根据择C，进化是否是匀速发生的。据lackofintermediatefossils定位到换，而不是渐渐进化改变的。所以ThepunctuatedequilibriumhypothesisAQ5Accordingtoparagraph3,theQ5Accordingtoparagraph3,thelackintermediatefossilsinthefossilrecordsome

attemptstoexplainacuriousfeatureofthefossilrecord---onethathasbeen

paleontologistforovera familiartopaleontologistformorethanacontradictstheideathatmostspecieshaveremainedunchangedformillionsofchallengestheviewthatevolutionarychangeisgradualismostcommoninthefossilrecords

centurybuthasusuallybeenignored.Manyspeciesappeartoremainunchangedinthefossilrecordformillionsofyears---asituationthatseemstobeatoddswithDarwin’smodeofcontinuouschange.Intermediated

clamandcoralParagraph3ismarkedwithan

fossilformspredictedbygradualismare有说服力的。A是惊奇的，Cspeciesofclamorcoralpersists essentiallyunchangedthroughoutathickwasonce是经典的渐进论的证明Q6Theword”compelling”inthepassage

formationofrock,onlytobereplacedsuddenlybyanewanddifferentspecies.

文既然说对gradualevolution很支closestinthemeaning

TheevolutionofNorthAmericanhorse持，那么后文出现equally whichwasoncepresentedasa 点断论也是有力证据。因此选Q7Paragraph4mentionsthatNorthAmericanhorseshavechangedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTinthenumberoftoestheythelengthoftheirtheiroverallthenumberofyearstheyParagraph4ismarkedwithanQ8Theword“alteration”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto

textbookexampleofgradualevolution,isnowprovidingequallycompellingevidenceforpunctuatedequilibrium.Aconvincing50-million-yearsequenceofmodernhorseancestors---eachslightlylarger,withmorecomplexteeth,alongerface,andamoreprominentcentraltoe---seemedtoprovidestrongsupportforDarwin’scontentionthatspeciesevolvegradually.Butcloseexaminationofthosefossildepositsnowrevealsasomewhatdifferentstory.Horsesevolvedindiscretesteps,eachofwhichpersistedalmostunchangedformillionsofyearsandwaseventuallyreplacedbyadistinctivenewermodel.Thefour-toedEohippusprecededthethree-toedMiohippus,forexample,butNorthAmericanfossilevidencesuggestsajerky,uneventransitionbetweenthetwo.Ifevolutionhadbeenacontinuous,gradualprocess,onemightexpectthatalmosteveryfossilspecimenwouldbeslightlydifferentfromeveryyear.Ifitseemsdifficulttoconceivehowmajorchangescouldoccurrapidly,considerthis:analterationofasinglegeneinfilesisenoughtoturnanormalflywithasinglepairofwingsintoonethathastwopairsofwings.Thequestionabouttherateofevolutionmustnowbeturnedaround:doesevolutioneverproceedgradually,ordoesitalwaysoccurinshortbursts?Detailedfieldstudiesofthickrockformationscontainingfossilsprovidethebestpotentialtestsofthecompetingtheories.

批注[微软用户7]:排除题。正确答D选项没有出现。[微软用户正确答案：，AlteatonABDQ9Q9Accordingtoparagraph7,Peterstudiesdemonstratedwhichofthefollowingabouttrilobites?Theyunderwentgradualchangeoveralongtimeperiod.TheyexperiencedanumberofdiscontinuoustransitionsduringtheirTheyremainedunchangedduringalongperiodofenvironmentalstability.Theyevolvedinwaysthatcannotbecountedforbyeitherofthetwocompetingtheories.Paragraph7ismarkedwithanclosestinmeaningOnceinaTosomeDescribeonetestofthecompeting evidencebothcompetingtheoriesExplainwhytrilobitesbecameParagraph7ismarkedwithan

Occasionally,asequenceoffossil-richlayersofrockpermitsacomprehensivelookatonetypeoforganismoveralongperiodoftime.Forexample,PeterSheldon’sstudiesoftrilobites,anowextinctmarineanimalwithasegmentedbody,offeradetailedglimpseintothreemillionyearsofevolutioninonemarineenvironment.Inthatstudy,eachofeightdifferenttrilobitespecieswasobservedtoundergoagradualchangeinthenumberofsegments---typicallyanincreaseofoneortwosegmentsoverthewholetimeinterval.Nosignificantdiscontinuouswereobserved,leadingSheldontoconcludethatenvironmentalconditionswerequitestableduringtheperiodheexamined.

后面对trilobites进行了描述，A选项所以A正确。B与原文第四句冲突。C与第三句冲突，D原文没有这种说法。而且上文也表明它符合gradual[]:正确答案，A是毫无疑问的，B是基本上，C是偶尔有一次。D应该选批注[微软用户11]:正确答案A。上文说实地勘测会给competingtheories提供test，第七段就给了试验A正确。B与原C也不对，理由同上。D与原文目的totheTheybelievethatenvironmental

[微软用户12正确答案C。首condition的作用，那么后文应该会出mayplayacrucialroleindeterminingwhichofthetwomodeswillbeinoperationoveragivenperiod.Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?Clickonasquaretoaddthesentencetothepassage.Directions:Directions:selectedfromthephrasesbelowthephrasesthatcharacterizepunctuatedequilibriumandphrasesthatcorrectlycharacterizegradualism.TwoofthephraseswillNOTbeused.Thisquestionisworth3points.Punctuated

Similarexhaustivestudiesarerequiredformanydifferentkindsoforganismsf